![Architect Gelfreich Vladimir](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Architect_Gelfreich_Vladimir.jpg)
Vladimir Georgiyevich Helfreich or Gelfreikh (Russian: Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Гельфре́йх; * March 24, 1885,
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
,
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
– August 7, 1967,
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
) was a Soviet and Russian architect, teacher, professor.
Academician of the
Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences The Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS or, transliterating the Russian acronym, RAASN) (, РААСН) is an official academy of the Russian Federation specializing in architecture and construction, notably of urban buil ...
(1947).
Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...
(1965). Two
Stalin Prizes of the first degree (1946, 1949).
Life
V. Gel'freykh was born on March 24, 1885, in
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
in the family of a civil servant. He graduated from the real school, and studied in private drawing school for two years. In 1906 he entered the Architectural Department of the
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the Thre ...
, which he graduated with honours in 1914, having completed the thesis project of the building of the State Council under the supervision of Professor
Leon Benois
Leon Benois (russian: Леонтий Николаевич Бенуа; 1856 in Peterhof – 1928 in Leningrad) was a Russian architect from the Benois family.
Biography
He was the son of architect Nicholas Benois, the brother of artists Alexandr ...
. Even while studying at the Academy, he started to work in the studio of Academician
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
, who had a significant influence on the further creative path of Gel'freykh.
Beginning in 1918, Gel'freykh was the permanent co-author of Vladimir Shchuko; their cooperation continued until the death of Shchuko in 1939. The first cooperation work of architects after the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
was the design and construction in 1922—1923 of the pavilions of the Foreign Department of the Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition in Moscow.
During the 1920s, architects were working on projects in Petrograd – Leningrad – Smolny Propylaea, the monuments of
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
(near the
Trinity Bridge, the Revolution Bridge and the
Finland Station
St Petersburg–Finlyandsky (russian: Станция Санкт-Петербург-Финля́ндский ''Stantsiya Sankt-Peterburg-Finlyandskiy'', in spoken language usually just russian: Финля́ндский вокзал ''Finlyandskiy ...
), the Moscow-Narva Culture House. Shchuko and Gel'freykh took part in a number of competitions, including the draft of the Soviet pavilion at the
, the project of the Ukrainian industrial building in
Kharkiv
Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.[Ivanovo
Ivanovo ( rus, Иваново, p=ɪˈvanəvə) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Russia. It is the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located northeast of Moscow and approximately from Yaroslavl, Vlad ...]
, the House of Councils in
Tula
Tula may refer to:
Geography
Antarctica
*Tula Mountains
*Tula Point
India
*Tulā, a solar month in the traditional Indian calendar
Iran
* Tula, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province
Italy
* Tula, Sardinia, municipality (''comune'') in the pr ...
, and several others.
The design of the
Palace of the Soviets
The Palace of the Soviets (russian: Дворец Советов, ''Dvorets Sovetov'') was a project to construct a political convention center in Moscow on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The main function of the p ...
played an important role in cooperative activity of architects: they participated in the first and second closed competitions for the Palace project (1932–1933, co-authored with Alexandr Velikanov, Leonid Polyakov, Igor Rozhin, G. Selyugin, Selyakova-Shukhaeva, Alexandr Khryakov, Georgy Shchuko, and others). The project executed by architect
Boris Iofan
Boris Mikhailovich Iofan ( rus, Борис Михайлович Иофан, p=ɪɐˈfan; April 28, 1891 – March 11, 1976) was a Soviet architect of Jewish origin, known for his Stalinist architecture buildings like 1931 House on the Embankment ...
, was adopted as a basis. Later Boris Iofan, Vladimir Gel'freykh and V. Shchuko with their architectural team were entrusted with the subsequent development of this project (1933—1939)
In 1918—1935 Gel'freykh taught in the Leningrad Higher Artistic-Technical Institute (Russian ВХУТЕИН – Высший художественно-технический институт).
He taught in the
(1959–1967). Since 1935, the architect actively participated in the reconstruction of Moscow, he developed a version of the layout of the south-west of Moscow (1935—1937).
His significant work during the war years were the constructions of the third stage of the Moscow metro — the ground vestibule and the platform of the
Elektrozavodskaya station (the project of 1938, opened in 1944, co-author Igor Rozhin), the ground vestibule of
Novokuznetskaya station (1943).
Gel'freykh created the project of the platform of the station "Botanical Garden" (now "
Prospekt Mira", 1949, co-author Michail Minkus, sculptor Georgy Motovilov); the project of the
Pantheon
Pantheon may refer to:
* Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building
Arts and entertainment Comics
*Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization
* ''Pantheon'' (Lone S ...
– the Monument to the Eternal Glory of the Great People of the Soviet Land on the Lenin Hills (1954, co-author Michail Minkus, competition).
In 1957—1958 Vladimir Gel'freykh took part in architectural competitions for the project of the
Palace of the Soviets
The Palace of the Soviets (russian: Дворец Советов, ''Dvorets Sovetov'') was a project to construct a political convention center in Moscow on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The main function of the p ...
on the Lenin Hills (co-author Mikhail Minkus).
In the 1950s he developed a project for the reconstruction of the
Smolenskaya Square
Smolenskaya Square (russian: Смоленская площадь) is a square in the center of Moscow. The Garden Ring crosses the square. Arbat street runs towards it and ends near the Foreign Ministry skyscraper, the main building of the Ministr ...
(together with Pavel Shteller, Viktor Lebedev, with the participation of V. Zhadovskaya and A. Kuzmin).
Died August 7, 1967, in Moscow, buried at the
Novodevichy Cemetery
Novodevichy Cemetery ( rus, Новоде́вичье кла́дбище, Novodevichye kladbishche) is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist ...
(site number 7).
Projects and buildings
In Petrograd – Leningrad
*
![Teatr Gorkogo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Teatr_Gorkogo.jpg)
Propylaea
In ancient Greek architecture, a propylaea, propylea or propylaia (; Greek: προπύλαια) is a monumental gateway. They are seen as a partition, specifically for separating the secular and religious pieces of a city. The prototypical Gree ...
of
Smolny (1923; co-author
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
).
*
Water tower
A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a water distribution system, distribution system for potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection. Water towe ...
for 5000 buckets in Volkhovstroy.
* Secondary lowering substations of Volkhovstroy on the Vasilievsky Island, Vyborg and Petrograd Sides (1925–1926, co-author
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
)
* House of the State Industry of the USSR – Gosprom in
Kharkov
Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. (1925, competition)
In Moscow
![Ministry of Foreign Affairs building in Moscow, Russian Federation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_building_in_Moscow%2C_Russian_Federation.jpg)
*
Russian State Library
The Russian State Library (russian: Российская государственная библиотека, Rossiyskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka) is one of the three national libraries of Russia, located in Moscow. It is the largest librar ...
building (1928—1958, competition);
* House of the People's Commissariat of Industry on
Red Square
Red Square ( rus, Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad', ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːətʲ) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, the capital of Russia. Owing to its historical significance and the adjacent historical build ...
(1934);
* Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge (1936–1938, co-authors:
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
, Michail Minkus);
* House of Justice on the Frunzenskaya Waterfront (1937, co-authors:
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
, Igor Tkachenko, Igor Rozhin, competition);
* The main pavilion of
VDNKh VDNKh may refer to:
* The name of the exhibition centers in former Soviet Republics
** VDNKh (Russia), known as All-Russia Exhibition Center in 1992–2014
** National Complex Expocenter of Ukraine (formerly "VDNH of the Ukrainian SSR")
** Exhibi ...
(Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy) with the tower of the Constitution (1939; co-authors: Vladimir Shchuko, Georgy Shchuko);
* Panorama of "The Storm of Perekop" (1941, co-author Igor Rozhin).
* Draft planning and development of the
Smolenskaya Square
Smolenskaya Square (russian: Смоленская площадь) is a square in the center of Moscow. The Garden Ring crosses the square. Arbat street runs towards it and ends near the Foreign Ministry skyscraper, the main building of the Ministr ...
(1956, together with Vitaly Sokolov, Michail Minkus, L. Varzar);
In other cities
* The Academic Drama Theatre named after Maxim Gorky in Rostov-on-Don (1930–1935, co-author
Vladimir Shchuko
Vladimir Alekseyevich Shchuko ( rus, Влади́мир Алексе́евич Щуко́, p=ɕːʉˈko; October 17, 1878 – January 19, 1939) was a Russian architect, member of the Saint Petersburg school of Russian neoclassical revival notable ...
, competition, carried out);
* Government House of the Abkhaz ASSR in
Sukhumi
Sukhumi (russian: Суху́м(и), ) or Sokhumi ( ka, სოხუმი, ), also known by its Abkhaz name Aqwa ( ab, Аҟәа, ''Aqwa''), is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast. It is both the capital and largest city of ...
;
* A monument to 26 Baku commissars;
* House of the State Industry of the Ukrainian SSR –
Derzhprom
The Derzhprom ( uk, Держпром) or Gosprom (russian: Госпром) building is an office building located on Freedom Square in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Built in the Constructivist style, it was the first modern skyscraper building in the ...
in
Kharkov
Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. (1925, competition, the project arrived later than the deadline);
* Palace of Culture in
Samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
(1936, co-author Vladimir Shchuko);
* Matsestinsky viaduct (co-authors: Vladimir Shchuko, Zoya Brod, A. Khryakov);
*
Rzhev
Rzhev ( rus, Ржев, p=ˈrʐɛf) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast, Staritsa and from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga. It ...
– restoration and reconstruction (1944–1945, co-author Georgy Shchuko);
*
Khreshchatyk
Khreshchatyk ( uk, Хрещатик, ) is the main street of Kyiv, Ukraine. The street has a length of . It stretches from the European Square (northeast) through the Maidan and to Bessarabska Square (southwest) where the Besarabsky Market is ...
in
Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
(1944–1945, co-authors: A. Velikanov, I. Rozhin, Georgy Shchuko);
* Center of
Stalingrad
Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), geographical renaming, formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stal ...
(1944–1945, co-authors: I. Rozhin, Georgy Shchuko);
*
Oryol
Oryol ( rus, Орёл, p=ɐˈrʲɵl, lit. ''eagle''), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast situated on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Fed ...
– the center of the city (1945–1947, co-authors: V. Gaikovich, Georgy Shchuko);
* The building of the regional museum and library in
Birobidzhan
Birobidzhan ( rus, Биробиджа́н, p=bʲɪrəbʲɪˈdʐan; yi, ביראָבידזשאַן, ''Birobidzhan'') is a town and the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway, near th ...
Awards and prizes
*
Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...
(1965)
*
Stalin Prize Stalin Prize may refer to:
* The State Stalin Prize in science and engineering and in arts, awarded 1941 to 1954, later known as the USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, ...
of 1st degree (1946) – for the architectural design of the station "Electrozavodskaya" and the upper vestibule of the
Novokuznetskaya station of the Moscow Metro named after L. Kaganovich.
* Stalin Prize of 1st degree (1949) – for the architectural design of the building of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the
Smolenskaya Square
Smolenskaya Square (russian: Смоленская площадь) is a square in the center of Moscow. The Garden Ring crosses the square. Arbat street runs towards it and ends near the Foreign Ministry skyscraper, the main building of the Ministr ...
* 2
Orders of Lenin
The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...
* 3
Orders of the Red Banner of Labour
* 2
Orders of the Badge of Honour
* Medals
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Helfreich, Vladimir
1885 births
1967 deaths
20th-century Russian architects
Architects from Saint Petersburg
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Architecture
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Stalin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Constructivist architects
Stalinist architecture
Russian architects
Soviet architects
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry faculty