Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel (russian: Владимир Андреевич траншель) (–January 21, 1942) was a Russian

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their genetics, genetic and biochemistry, biochemical properties, their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and ethnomycology, their use to humans, including as a so ...

and

plant pathologist Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fung ...

, especially an expert on

rust fungi Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently a ...

. He graduated from

Saint Petersburg University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU; russian: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the G ...

in 1889 and became an assistant at the

Imperial Forestry Institute Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas ...

in Saint Petersburg. 1898–1900, he was stationed at the

University of Warsaw The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

, but soon returned to

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

and took a position a curator at the Botanic Garden of the

Imperial Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...

. He remained affiliated with the

Academy An academy ( Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy ...

for the remainder of his career, from 1912 as senior botanist. He travelled and made collections in

European Russia European Russia (russian: Европейская Россия, russian: европейская часть России, label=none) is the western and most populated part of Russia. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the cou ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. ...

Pamir Mountains The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range between Central Asia and Pakistan. It is located at a junction with other notable mountains, namely the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush and the Himalaya mountain ranges. They are among the world ...

Ussuri The Ussuri or Wusuli (russian: Уссури; ) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Si ...

and Primorsky. He is particularly known for Tranzschel's Law, that states that telia of microcyclic species of

that are descendants of

macrocyclic Macrocycles are often described as molecules and ions containing a ring of twelve or more atoms. Classical examples include the crown ethers, calixarenes, porphyrins, and cyclodextrins. Macrocycles describe a large, mature area of chemistry. ...

heteroecious A heteroecious parasite is one that requires at least two hosts. The ''primary host'' is the host in which the parasite spends its adult life; the other is the ''secondary host''. Both hosts are required for the parasite to complete its life cycle ...

rusts simulate

aecia An aecium (plural aecia) is a specialised reproductive structure found in some plant pathogenic rust fungi that produce aeciospores. Aecia may also be referred to as "cluster cups". The term aecidium (plural aecidia) is used interchangeably but i ...

of the ancestral

rust and occur on the

aecial An aecium (plural aecia) is a specialised reproductive structure found in some plant pathogenic rust fungi that produce aeciospores. Aecia may also be referred to as "cluster cups". The term aecidium (plural aecidia) is used interchangeably but i ...

host of the latter. Tranzschel devised his law to assists in identification of the aecial host of a suspected

rust by looking for hosts attacked by a microcyclic rust with morphologically similar telia to the former. Modern evolutionary thinking about

and

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioche ...

investigations have confirmed its validity . In addition, Tranzschel described a number of new species of

and wrote

funga In life sciences ''funga'' is a recent term for the kingdom fungi similar to the longstanding fauna for animals and flora for plants. The term was considered to be urgently needed in order to simplify projects oriented toward implementation of edu ...

s for various parts of

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

. Together with A. Henckel, Tranzschel also translated

Kerner von Marilaun Anton Kerner Ritter von Marilaun, or Anton Joseph Kerner, (12 November 1831 – 21 June 1898) was an Austrian botanist and professor at the University of Vienna. Career Kerner was born in Mautern, Lower Austria, and studied medicine in Vienna fo ...

’s ''Pflanzenleben'' from

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

. The

rust fungus Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently a ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

'' Tranzschelia''

Arthur Arthur is a common male given name of Brittonic languages, Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. An ...

was named to his honour.

Selected species described by Tranzschel

*'' Dasyscyphella cassandrae'' Tranzschel *'' Helminthascus arachnophthorus'' Tranzschel *'' Pucciniastrum arcticum'' Tranzschel *'' Ustilago turcomanica'' Tranzschel

Selected scientific works

*Tranzschel, V. A. (1902) Contributiones ad floram mycologicam Rossiæ, I. Enumeratio fungorum in Tauria a. 1901 lectorum. Trudy Botanicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk / Travaux du Musée Botanique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, vol. 1: 47–75 *Tranzschel, V. A. (1905) Contributiones ad floram mycologicam Rossiæ, II. Enumeratio fungorum in Tauria lectorum. Trudy Botanicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk / Travaux du Musée Botanique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, vol. 2: 31–47 * Tranzschel, V. A. (1925) Systematics and biology of the genus ''Triphragmium'' auct. ( Triphragmium Link, Triphragmiopsis Naumov, Nyssopsora Arthur). Journal of Botanical Society of Russia, 8: 123–132. *Tranzschel, V. A. (1927) Rust Fungi and their bearing on the Systematics of Vascular Plants.

Festschrift In academia, a ''Festschrift'' (; plural, ''Festschriften'' ) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the h ...

for I. P. Borodin. *Tranzschel, V. A. (1933) Uredinalium species novae ex Siberia. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR / Acta Instituti Botanici Academiae Scientiarum Unionis Rerum Publicarum Soveticarum Socialisticarum, ser. 11: Sporovye rastenenija, Fasc. 1: 267–273. *Tranzschel, V. A. (1936) The Uredinales as indicators of the affinity of their hosts in relationship to their evolution. Sovietskaya Botanica 1936 nr. 6: 133–144. *Tranzschel, V. A. (1938) Zur Biologie der Uredineen des Fernen Ostens. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR / Acta Instituti Botanici Academiae Scientiarum Unionis Rerum Publicarum Soveticarum Socialisticarum, ser. 11: Sporovye rastenenija *Tranzschel, V. A. (1939) Conspectus Uredinalium URSS. Moskva-Leningrad, Akademii Nauk SSSR. 426 pp. *Kuprevich, V. T. & Tranzschel, V. A. (1957) Flora Plantarum Cryptogamarum URSS: Fungi 1, Uredinales, Fasc. 1 Familia

Melampsoraceae Melampsoraceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. The family is monotypic, containing the single genus ''Melampsora ''Melampsora'' is a genus of Basidiomycota fungi. ''Melampsora'' species are plant pathogens. Subtaxa ''M ...

. Moskva, Academiae Scientiarum URSS. 419 pp.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tranzschel, Vladimir Andreevich 1868 births 1942 deaths 19th-century botanists from the Russian Empire Russian mycologists Phytopathologists Russian foresters Soviet botanists 20th-century Russian botanists