Vivian Dorothy Maier (February 1, 1926 – April 21, 2009) was an American

street photographer Street photography (also sometimes called candid photography) is photography conducted for art or enquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incidents within public places. Although there is a difference between street and cand ...

whose work was discovered and recognized after her death. She worked for about 40 years as a

nanny A nanny is a person who provides child care. Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to the lady of the house. Today, modern ...

, mostly in Chicago's North Shore, while pursuing photography. She took more than 150,000 photographs during her lifetime, primarily of the people and architecture of Chicago,

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

, and

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...

, although she also traveled and photographed worldwide. During her lifetime, Maier's photographs were unknown and unpublished; many of her negatives were never developed. A Chicago collector, John Maloof, acquired some of Maier's photos in 2007, while two other Chicago-based collectors, Ron Slattery and Randy Prow, also found some of Maier's prints and negatives in her boxes and suitcases around the same time. Maier's photographs were first published on the Internet in July 2008, by Slattery, but the work received little response.Slattery, Ron. (July 2008)
Story
, in ''Big Happy Fun House''. Retrieved on January 11, 2011. In October 2009, Maloof linked his blog to a selection of Maier's photographs on the image-sharing website

Flickr Flickr ( ; ) is an American image hosting and video hosting service, as well as an online community, founded in Canada and headquartered in the United States. It was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and was a popular way for amateur and professional ...

, and the results went viral, with thousands of people expressing interest. Maier's work subsequently attracted critical acclaim,"Vivian Maier"
''Chicago Tonight'', broadcast by WTTW, December 22, 2010. Retrieved on January 4, 2011 and since then, Maier's photographs have been exhibited around the world. Her life and work have been the subject of books and documentary films, including the film '' Finding Vivian Maier'' (2013), which premiered at the

Toronto International Film Festival The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF, often stylized as tiff) is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Since its founding in 1976, TIFF has grown to become a permane ...

, and was nominated for the

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...

at the

87th Academy Awards The 87th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best 2014 in film, films of 2014 and took place on February 22, 2015, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood, ...

Personal life

Many details of Maier's life remain unknown. She was born in New York City in 1926, the daughter of a French mother, Maria Jaussaud Justin, and an Austrian father, Charles Maier (also known as Wilhelm). Several times during her childhood she moved between the U.S. and France, living with her mother in the

alpine Alpine may refer to any mountainous region. It may also refer to: Places Europe * Alps, a European mountain range ** Alpine states, which overlap with the European range Australia * Alpine, New South Wales, a Northern Village * Alpine National Pa ...

village of

Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur is a Communes of France, commune in the Hautes-Alpes Departments of France, department in southeastern France. It was expanded in January 2013, following the merger of the former communes of Bénévent-et-Charbillac and L ...

near her mother's relatives. Her father seems to have left the family temporarily for unknown reasons by 1930. In the

1930 Census The United States census of 1930, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during ...

, the head of the household was listed as Jeanne Bertrand, a successful photographer who knew

Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (January 9, 1875 – April 18, 1942) was an American sculptor, art patron and collector, and founder in 1931 of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. She was a prominent social figure and hostess, ...

, founder of the

Whitney Museum of American Art The Whitney Museum of American Art, known informally as "The Whitney", is an art museum in the Meatpacking District and West Village neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1930 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (1875–1942), ...

. When Maier was 4, she and her mother moved to

the Bronx The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...

with Bertrand. In 1935, Vivian and her mother were living in

Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur (Vivaro-Alpine: ''Sant Julian de Champsaur'') is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Population Notable residents Vivian Maier Street photographer Vivian Maier lived and photographed in ...

; three years later, they returned to New York. In the 1940 Census, Charles, Maria, Vivian and Charles Jr were listed as living in New York, where the father worked as a steam engineer. In 1951, aged 25, Maier moved from France to New York, where she worked in a

sweatshop A sweatshop or sweat factory is a crowded workplace with very poor, socially unacceptable or illegal working conditions. Some illegal working conditions include poor ventilation, little to no breaks, inadequate work space, insufficient lighting, o ...

. She moved to the Chicago's North Shore area in 1956, where she worked primarily as a nanny and carer for the next 40 years. In her first 17 years in Chicago, Maier worked as a nanny for two families: the Gensburgs from 1956 to 1972, and the Raymonds from 1967 to 1973. Lane Gensburg later said of Maier, "She was like a real, live

Mary Poppins It may refer to: * ''Mary Poppins'' (book series), the original 1934–1988 children's fantasy novels that introduced the character. * Mary Poppins (character), the nanny with magical powers. * ''Mary Poppins'' (film), a 1964 Disney film sta ...

," and said she never talked down to kids and was determined to show them the world outside their affluent suburb. The families who employed her described her as very private and reported that she spent her days off walking the streets of Chicago and taking photographs, usually with a

Rolleiflex Rolleiflex is the name of a long-running and diverse line of high-end cameras originally made by the German company Franke & Heidecke, and later Rollei, Rollei-Werke. History The "Rolleiflex" name is most commonly used to refer to Rollei's pr ...

camera.Houlihan, Mary (January 2, 2011)
A developing picture: The story of Vivian Maier
''The Chicago Sun-Times''. Retrieved on January 4, 2011.

John Maloof John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

, curator of some of Maier's photographs, summarized the way the children she nannied would later describe her: In 1959 and 1960, Maier embarked on a solo trip around the world, taking pictures in Los Angeles, Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Yemen, Egypt, Greece, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Italy, France, and Switzerland. The trip was probably financed by the sale of a family farm in Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur. For a brief period in the 1970s, Maier worked as a housekeeper for talk-show host

Phil Donahue Phillip John Donahue (born December 21, 1935) is an American media personality, writer, film producer and the creator and host of ''The Phil Donahue Show''. The television program, later known simply as ''Donahue'', was the first talk show forma ...

. She kept her belongings at her employers'; at one residence, she had 200 boxes of materials. Most contained photographs or negatives, but Maier also collected newspapers; in at least one instance, it involved "shoulder-high piles." She also recorded audiotapes of conversations she had with people she photographed. In the documentary films '' Finding Vivian Maier'' (2013) and ''Vivian Maier: Who Took Nanny's Pictures'' / ''The Vivian Maier Mystery'' (2013), interviews with Maier's employers and their children suggest that Maier presented herself to others in multiple ways, with various accents, names, life details, and that with some children, she had been inspiring and positive, while with others she could be frightening and abusive. The Gensburg brothers, whom Maier had looked after as children, tried to help her as she became destitute in old age. When she was about to be evicted from a downmarket apartment in the suburb of

Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the estab ...

, the Gensburg brothers arranged for her to live in a better apartment on

Sheridan Road Sheridan Road is a major north-south street that leads from Diversey Parkway in Chicago, Illinois, north to the Illinois-Wisconsin border and beyond to Racine. Throughout most of its run, it is the easternmost north-south through street, closest ...

in the

Rogers Park Rogers Park is the first of Chicago's 77 community areas. Located from the Loop, it is on the city's far north side on the shore of Lake Michigan. The neighborhood is commonly known for its cultural diversity, lush green public spaces, early ...

area of Chicago. In November 2008, Maier fell on the ice and hit her head. She was taken to a hospital but failed to recover. In January 2009, she was transported to a nursing home in the Chicago suburbs, where she died on April 21.Cahan, ''Vivien Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2012, p. 263

Discovery and recognition

In 2007, two years before she died, Maier failed to keep up payments on storage space she had rented on Chicago's North Side. As a result, her negatives, prints, audio recordings, and

8 mm film 8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. In mathematics 8 is: * a composite number, its proper divisors being , , and . It is twice 4 or four times 2. * a power of two, being 2 (two cubed), and is the first number of the ...

were auctioned. Three photo collectors bought parts of her work: John Maloof, Ron Slattery and Randy Prow.Cahan, ''Vivien Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2012, p.283 Maier's photographs were first published on the internet in July 2008 by Slattery, but the work received little response. Maloof had bought the largest part of Maier's work, about 30,000 negatives, because he was working on a book about the history of the Chicago neighborhood of

Portage Park Portage Park is a park in the Portage Park community area of Chicago, Illinois on the National Register of Historic Places. The park stretches from Irving Park Road on the south to Berteau Avenue between Central and Long Avenues. The largest p ...

. Maloof later bought more of Maier's photographs from another buyer at the same auction. Maloof discovered Maier's name in his boxes but was unable to discover anything about her until a

Google search Google Search (also known simply as Google) is a search engine provided by Google. Handling more than 3.5 billion searches per day, it has a 92% share of the global search engine market. It is also the most-visited website in the world. The ...

led him to Maier's death notice in the ''

Chicago Tribune The ''Chicago Tribune'' is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tribune Publishing. Founded in 1847, and formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" (a slogan for which WGN radio and television ar ...

'' in April 2009. In October 2009, Maloof linked his blog to a selection of Maier's photographs on

; they became a

viral phenomenon Viral phenomena or viral sensation are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the ter ...

, with thousands of people expressing interest. In early 2010, Chicago art collector Jeffrey Goldstein acquired a portion of the Maier collection from Prow, one of the original buyers. Since Goldstein's original purchase, his collection has grown to include 17,500 negatives, 2,000 prints, 30 home movies, and numerous slides. In December 2014, Goldstein sold his collection of B&W negatives to Stephen Bulger Gallery, Toronto. Maloof, who runs the Maloof Collection, now owns around 90% of Maier's total output, including 100,000 to 150,000 negatives, more than 3,000 vintage prints, hundreds of rolls of film, home movies, audio tape interviews, and ephemera including cameras and paperwork, which he claims represents roughly 90 percent of her known work. Since her posthumous discovery, Maier's photographs, and their discovery, have received international attention in mainstream media, and her work has appeared in gallery exhibitions, several books, and documentary films.

Legal challenge

In June 2014, lawyer and former photographer David C. Deal filed a legal case challenging the rights of current owners of Maier's negatives to commercialize them. The case sought to establish whether there is a legal heir to Maier's estate — a cousin in France — who should be recognized under American law. Under copyright law in the US, owning a photograph is distinct from owning copyright and the case may take several years to resolve, particularly since the potential heirs to the estate live outside the US. Maloof, who owns the majority of Maier's known photographs, had previously tracked down a

first cousin once removed Most generally, in the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of familial relationship in which two relatives are two or more familial generations away from their most recent common ancestor. Commonly, " ...

in France and paid him for the rights; however, Deal believes he has found a closer relative in France who may be the estate's beneficiary. Because of the dispute,

Cook County, Illinois Cook County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Illinois and the second-most-populous county in the United States, after Los Angeles County, California. More than 40% of all residents of Illinois live within Cook County. As of 20 ...

created an estate for Maier. In 2016, the county-administered estate reached a settlement which allowed Maloof to continue promoting Maier's work and keep an undisclosed amount of the proceedings. Goldstein refused to settle with the estate and was sued by the county for copyright infringement in 2017. As of 2018, the estate had not yet determined Maier's rightful heirs.

Photography

Artist and photography critic

Allan Sekula Allan Sekula (January 15, 1951 – August 10, 2013) was an American photographer, writer, filmmaker, theorist and critic. From 1985 until his death in 2013, he taught at California Institute of the Arts. His work frequently focused on large economi ...

has suggested that the fact that Maier spent much of her early life in France sharpened her visual appreciation of American cities and society. Sekula compared her work with the photography of Swiss-born

Robert Frank Robert Frank (November 9, 1924 – September 9, 2019) was a Swiss photographer and documentary filmmaker, who became an American binational. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled ''The Americans'', earned Frank comparisons to a modern-da ...

: "I find myself imagining her as a female Robert Frank, without a

Guggenheim grant Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the ar ...

, unknown and working as a nanny to get by. I also think she showed the world of women and children in a way that is pretty much unprecedented."Cahan, ''Vivien Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2012, pp. 40–41 Maloof has said of her work: "Elderly folk congregating in Chicago's Old

Polish Downtown Polish Downtown was Chicago's oldest and most prominent Polish settlement. Polish Downtown was the political, cultural and social capital of not only Poles in Chicago but Polish Americans throughout North America as well. Centered on Polonia Tria ...

, garishly dressed dowagers, and the urban

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...

experience were all fair game for Maier's lens." Photographer

Mary Ellen Mark Mary Ellen Mark (March 20, 1940 – May 25, 2015) was an American photographer known for her photojournalism, documentary photography, portraiture, and advertising photography. She photographed people who were "away from mainstream society and t ...

has compared her work to that of

Helen Levitt Helen Levitt (August 31, 1913 – March 29, 2009) was an American photographer and cinematographer. She was particularly noted for her street photography around New York City. David Levi Strauss described her as "the most celebrated and least ...

, Robert Frank,

Lisette Model Lisette Model (born Elise Amelie Felicie Stern; November 10, 1901 – March 30, 1983) was an Austrian-born American photographer primarily known for the frank humanism of her street photography. A prolific photographer in the 1940s and a member ...

, and

Diane Arbus Diane Arbus (; née Nemerov; March 14, 1923 – July 26, 1971
" The New York ...

Joel Meyerowitz Joel Meyerowitz (born March 6, 1938) is an American street, portrait and landscape photographer. He began photographing in color in 1962 and was an early advocate of the use of color during a time when there was significant resistance to the idea ...

, also a street photographer, has said that Maier's work was "suffused with the kind of human understanding, warmth and playfulness that proves she was 'a real shooter'." Maier's best-known photographs depict street scenes in Chicago and New York during the 1950s and 1960s. A critic in ''

The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publis ...

'' wrote that "the well-to-do shoppers of Chicago stroll and gossip in all their department-store finery before Maier, but the most arresting subjects are those people on the margins of successful, rich America in the 1950s and 1960s: the kids, the black maids, the bums flaked out on shop stoops."Little Miss Big Shot
, ''The Independent'' (November 1, 2009). Retrieved on January 4, 2011. Most of Maier's photographs are

black and white Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white in a continuous spectrum, producing a range of shades of grey. Media The history of various visual media began with black and white, and as technology improved, altered to color. ...

, and many are casual shots of passers-by caught in transient moments "that nonetheless possess an underlying gravity and emotion". In 1952 she purchased her first

camera. Over the course of her career she used Rolleiflex 3.5T, Rolleiflex 3.5F, Rolleiflex 2.8C, Rolleiflex Automat and others. She later also used a

Leica III The Leica III is a rangefinder camera introduced by Leica in 1933, and produced in parallel with the Leica II series. Several models were produced over the years, with significant improvements. The Leica III uses a coupled rangefinder distinct f ...

c rangefinder camera, an Ihagee

Exakta The Exakta (sometimes Exacta) was a camera produced by the ''Ihagee Kamerawerk'' in Dresden, Germany, founded as the Industrie und Handels-Gesellschaft mbH, in 1912. The inspiration and design of both the VP Exakta and the Kine Exakta are the wo ...

, a Zeiss

Contarex The Contarex is a 35mm SLR camera made by Zeiss Ikon. It was first presented at Photokina in 1958 and initially scheduled for delivery in the spring of 1959, but it was not made generally available until March 1960. It is popularly known as the '' ...

and other

SLR cameras SLR may refer to: Science and technology * Satellite laser ranging * Scalable Linear Recording tape drive backup * Sea level rise * Self-loading rifle or semi-automatic rifle ** The UK L1A1 SLR rifle * Semi-linear resolution, a search algorithm ...

. Writing in ''

The Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...

'', William Meyers notes that because Maier used a

medium-format Medium format has traditionally referred to a film format in photography and the related cameras and equipment that use film. Nowadays, the term applies to film and digital cameras that record images on media larger than the used in 35&nbs ...

, rather than a

35mm 35 mm may refer to: * 135 film, a type of still photography format commonly referred to as 35 mm film * 35 mm movie film, a type of motion picture film stock * 35MM 35 mm may refer to: * 135 film, a type of still photography format ...

camera, her pictures have more detail than those of most street photographers. He writes that her work brings to mind the photographs of Harry Callahan,

Garry Winogrand Garry Winogrand (January 14, 1928 – March 19, 1984) was an American street photographer, known for his portrayal of U.S. life and its social issues, in the mid-20th century. Photography curator, historian, and critic John Szarkowski called Wino ...

, and

Weegee Arthur (Usher) Fellig (June 12, 1899 – December 26, 1968), known by his pseudonym Weegee, was a photography, photographer and photojournalism, photojournalist, known for his stark black and white street photography in New York City. Weegee w ...

, as well as Robert Frank. He also notes that there are a high number of self-portraits in her work, "in many ingenious permutations, as if she were checking on her own identity or interpolating herself into the environment. A shadowy character, she often photographed her own shadow, possibly as a way of being there and simultaneously not quite there."

Roberta Smith Roberta Smith (born 1948) is co-chief art critic of ''The New York Times'' and a lecturer on contemporary art. She is the first woman to hold that position. Early life Born in 1948 in New York City and raised in Lawrence, Kansas. Smith studied at ...

, writing in ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'', has drawn attention to how Maier's photographs are reminiscent of many famous 20th-century photographers, and yet have an aesthetic of their own. She writes that Maier's work "may add to the history of 20th-century street photography by summing it up with an almost encyclopedic thoroughness, veering close to just about every well-known photographer you can think of, including Weegee, Robert Frank and

Richard Avedon Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for ''Harper's Bazaar'', ''Vogue'' and ''Elle'' specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and danc ...

, and then sliding off in another direction. Yet they maintain a distinctive element of calm, a clarity of composition and a gentleness characterized by a lack of sudden movement or extreme emotion." In the documentary film '' Finding Vivian Maier'' (2013), the grown-up children whom Maier had cared for in the 1950s, '60s, and '70s recall how she combined her work as a photographer with her day job as a nanny. She would frequently take the young children in her care with her into the center of Chicago when she took her photographs. Occasionally they accompanied her to the rougher, run-down areas of Chicago, and, on one occasion, the stock yards, where there were bodies of dead sheep. In the late 1970s, Maier stopped using her Rolleiflex. Most of her photographs taken in the 1980s and 1990s were color transparencies, taken on

Ektachrome Ektachrome is a brand name owned by Kodak for a range of transparency, still, and motion picture films previously available in many formats, including 35 mm and sheet sizes to 11 × 14 inch size. Ektachrome has a distinctive look that ...

film.Cahan, ''Vivien Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2012, p. 262

Legacy

In the 2014 to 2015 school year at the

School of the Art Institute of Chicago The School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) is a private art school associated with the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to an art students' cooperative founded in 1866, which grew into the museum and ...

, the Vivian Maier Scholarship Fund was established to provide opportunity to female students with need for additional financial resources. The scholarship was endowed through donations by Maloof, Siskel and Howard Greenberg, the owner of Howard Greenberg Gallery which exhibits and deals her work. Maloof used the funds received from print sales and his film '' Finding Vivian Maier'' to help create the scholarship with the intention for it to be permanent and offered on a yearly basis. With no application process, the money will be awarded to students not based on degree, enrollment year, or medium they are working within, allowing artistic freedom to the recipients. The names of recipients have not been publicly released.

Publications

Books of Maier's photographs

*''Vivian Maier: Street Photographer.'' Brooklyn, NY: powerHouse, 2011. . Edited by John Maloof. With an introduction by Maloof and a foreword by

Geoff Dyer Geoff Dyer (born 5 June 1958) is an English author. He has written a number of novels and non-fiction books, some of which have won literary awards. Personal background Dyer was born and raised in Cheltenham, England, as the only child of a ...

. *''Vivian Maier: Out of the Shadows''. Chicago, IL: CityFiles, 2012. . Edited by Richard Cahan and Michael Williams. *''Vivian Maier: Self-Portraits.'' Brooklyn, NY: powerHouse, 2013. . Edited by Maloof. *''Eye to Eye: Photographs by Vivian Maier.'' Chicago, IL: CityFiles, 2014. . Edited and with text by Richard Cahan and Michael Williams. *''Vivian Maier: A Photographer Found.'' London:

Harper Design HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Co ...

, 2014. . Edited by Maloof with text by

Marvin Heiferman Marvin Heiferman (born 1948) is an American curator and writer, who originates projects about the impact of photographic images on art, visual culture, and science for museums, art galleries, publishers and corporations. Biography As Assistan ...

and Howard Greenberg. *''The Color Work.'' New York City: Harper Design, 2014. . With a foreword by

and text by

Colin Westerbeck Colin Leslie Westerbeck Jr. is a curator, writer, and teacher of the history of photography. Before moving to Los Angeles, where he has taught at UCLA and University of Southern California, USC, he was curator of photography at the Art Institute ...

Books about Maier

*''Vivian Maier: a Photographer's Life and Afterlife''. Chicago:

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...

, 2017. By Pamela Bannos. . *''Vivian Maier Developed: The Real Story of the Photographer Nanny.'' Brooklyn, NY: powerHouse, 2018. By Ann Marks. . *''Vivian Maier und der gespiegelte Blick: Fotografische Positionen zu Frauenbildern im Selbstporträt.'' Bielefeld, transcript, 2019. By Nadja Köffler. .

Documentary films about Maier

* ''Vivian Maier: Who Took Nanny's Pictures'' (2013) – directed by Jill Nicholls, produced by the

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board ex ...

**''The Vivian Maier Mystery'' (2013) – re-cut and released in the U.S. * '' Finding Vivian Maier'' (2013) – directed by Maloof and Charlie Siskel * ''The Woman in the Mirror'' (2017) – directed by Ryan Alexander Huang, biographical short film

Exhibitions

* ''Finding Vivian Maier'', November/December 2010, The Apartment Gallery (Apartment 02), Oslo, Norway. * March/April 2010, Bruun's Galleri, Århus, Denmark. * ''Finding Vivian Maier: Chicago Street Photographer'', 2011,

Chicago Cultural Center The Chicago Cultural Center, opened in 1897, is a Chicago Landmark building operated by Chicago's Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events that houses the city's official reception venue where the Mayor of Chicago has welcomed preside ...

.O'Donnell, Nora (December 14, 2010)
"The Life and Work of Street Photographer Vivian Maier"
''

Chicago Magazine ''Chicago'' is a monthly magazine published by Tribune Publishing. It concentrates on lifestyle and human interest stories, and on reviewing restaurants, travel, fashion, and theatre from or nearby Chicago. Its circulation in 2004 was 165,000, ...

''. Retrieved on January 4, 2011. * ''Twinkle, twinkle, little star ... '', 2011, Galerie Hilaneh von Kories, Hamburg, Germany. * ''Vivian Maier, Photographer'', 2011, Russell Bowman Art Advisory, Chicago, Illinois. * ''Vivian Maier – A Life Uncovered'', 2011,

German Gymnasium ''Gymnasium'' (; German plural: ''Gymnasien''), in the German education system, is the most advanced and highest of the three types of German secondary schools, the others being ''Hauptschule'' (lowest) and ''Realschule'' (middle). ''Gymnasi ...

, London Street Photography Festival, London. * ''Vivian Maier, Photographer'', 2011/12, Hearst Gallery, New York. * ''Vivian Maier – A Life Uncovered'', 2011, Photofusion Gallery, London. * ''Vivian Maier, Photographer'', 2011, Stephen Cohen Gallery, Los Angeles. * ''Vivian Maier – Hosted by Tim Roth'', 2011/12, Merry Karnowsky Gallery, Los Angeles. * ''Vivian Maier – Photographs'' 2012, Jackson Fine Art, Atlanta. * ''Vivian Maier's Chicago'', 2012–2014,

Chicago History Museum Chicago History Museum is the museum of the Chicago Historical Society (CHS). The CHS was founded in 1856 to study and interpret Chicago's history. The museum has been located in Lincoln Park since the 1930s at 1601 North Clark Street at the in ...

, Chicago, Illinois. * ''A la recherche de Vivian Maier'' (In search of Vivian Maier), 2011, Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur * ''A la recherche de Vivian Maier'' (In search of Vivian Maier), 2011, Gap Library, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, France. ] * ''Lo sguardo nascosto'' (The Hidden Glance), 2012, Brescia, Italy. * ''Vivian Maier'', 2013, Antwerp, Belgium, Gallery51. * ''Vivian Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2013, Tampa, Fl;

Florida Museum of Photographic Arts The Florida Museum of Photographic Arts (FMoPA) occupies the 2nd and 3rd floors of the Cube, Rivergate Plaza's six-story atrium building. Since 2012, FMoPA has been located in the Cube, which was selected as one of the Top 100 buildings in Florida ...

. * ''Summer in the City'', 2013, Chicago, IL; Russell Bowman Art Advisory. * ''Vivian Maier'', 2013, Shanghai, China; Kunst.Licht Photo Art Gallery. * ''Загадка Вивьен Майер'' (The Riddle of Vivian Maier), 2013, Moscow, Russia;

Lumiere Brothers Center for Photography The Lumiere Brothers Center for Photography is a private exhibition organization located in the former chocolate factory and acting art cluster Red October in Moscow. Since its foundation in 2010, the center aims to explore and promote Russian an ...

. * ''Vivian Maier: Picturing Chicago'', October 2013, Chicago, IL; Union League Club. * ''Vivian Maier'', 2013/14, Tours, France;

Jeu de paume ''Jeu de paume'' (, ; originally spelled ; ), nowadays known as real tennis, (US) court tennis or (in France) ''courte paume'', is a ball-and-court game that originated in France. It was an indoor precursor of tennis played without racquets, a ...

, Paris. * ''Certificates of Presence: Vivian Maier, Livija Patikne, J. Lindemann'', 2014, Milwaukee, WI; Portrait Society Gallery. * ''Vivian Maier: Out of the Shadows'', 2014, Minneapolis, MN; MPLS Photo Center. * ''See All About It: Vivian Maier's Newspaper Portraits'', 2014, Berkeley, CA; The Reva and David Logan Gallery at UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism. *''Vivian Maier, Photographer'', 2014, Fribourg, Switzerland; Cantonal and University Library. * ''Vivian Maier: Out of The Shadows'', 2014, Chicago, IL; Harold Washington Library. * "Vivian Maier – Street Photographer", 2014/2015, FOAM Amsterdam, Netherlands * ''O Mundo Revelado de Vivian Maier'',

São Paulo Museum of Image and Sound The São Paulo Museum of Image and Sound (in Portuguese, ''Museu da Imagem e do Som de São Paulo'', or ''MIS'') is a public museum of audio-visual works, established in 1970 and located in São Paulo, Brazil. The museum was founded as a result of ...

, São Paulo, Brazil, 2015. * Vivian Maier – Street Photographer, 2015, Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy. * Vivian Maier – In Her Own Hands, 2016, Fundació Foto Colectania, Barcelona, Spain. * Vivian Maier – Street Photographer, 2018, WestLicht, Vienna, Austria. * Vivian Maier - Works in Color, 2020, FOAM Amsterdam, Netherlands. * Vivian Maier exhibition in the

Musée du Luxembourg The Musée du Luxembourg () is a museum at 19 rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. Established in 1750, it was initially an art museum located in the east wing of the Luxembourg Palace (the matching west wing housed the Marie de' M ...

in Paris, 2021/2022. * Vivian Maier - Exhibition Inedita, 2022, Musei Reali Torino, Italy. * ''Vivian Maier - The Self-Portrait and its Double'', 2022, Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels, Belgium. * Vivian Maier: Anthology, 2022, MK Gallery,

Milton Keynes Milton Keynes ( ) is a city and the largest settlement in Buckinghamshire, England, about north-west of London. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was over . The River Great Ouse forms its northern boundary; a tributary ...

, UK.

References

External links

John Maloof Collection website on Vivian Maier

Finding Vivian Maier – An Interview with Producer, Co-Director Charlie Siskel
by Stephen Slaughter Head, PostMovie.net, 2014

by David Zax, ''Smithsonian'' magazine, 2011
Guide to the John Maloof Collection of Vivian Maier circa 1900-2010
at th
University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maier, Vivian 1926 births 2009 deaths American people of Austrian descent American people of French descent Artists from Chicago Artists from New York City Culture of Chicago American expatriates in France French photographers Nannies Outsider artists Street photographers Photographers from Illinois Women outsider artists American domestic workers 20th-century American women photographers 20th-century American photographers 21st-century American women

Personal life

Discovery and recognition

Legal challenge

Photography

Legacy

Archives

Publications

Books of Maier's photographs

Books about Maier

Documentary films about Maier

Exhibitions

See also

References

External links