The total number of distinct
Egyptian hieroglyphs increased over time from several hundred in the
Middle Kingdom to several thousand during the
Ptolemaic Kingdom.
In 1928/1929
Alan Gardiner published an overview of hieroglyphs,
Gardiner's sign list, the basic modern standard. It describes 763 signs in 26 categories (A–Z, roughly).
Georg Möller
Georg Möller (1876–1921) was a German Egyptologist.
He was born in Venezuela as the son of a German businessman. His family moved to Hamburg when he was five.
From 1896 he studied at Humboldt University under Adolf Erman. He received his do ...
compiled more extensive lists, organized by historical epoch (published posthumously in 1927 and 1936).
In
Unicode, the block
''Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' (2009) includes 1071 signs, organization based on Gardiner's list. As of 2016, there is a proposal by
Michael Everson to extend the Unicode standard to comprise Möller's list.
Subsets
Notable subsets of hieroglyphs:
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Determinatives
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Uniliteral signs
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Biliteral signs
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Triliteral signs
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Egyptian numerals
Letter classification by Gardiner
List of hieroglyphs
In Unicode
Unicode character names follow
Gardiner's sign list (padded with zeroes to three digits, i.e. Gardiner "A1" is "EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH A001"), with the addition of glyph names in NL001–NL020 and NU001–NU022, representing the 20
Nomes of Lower Egypt and the 22
Nomes of Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt ( ar, صعيد مصر ', shortened to , , locally: ; ) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the lands on both sides of the Nile that extend upriver from Lower Egypt in the north to Nubia in the south.
In ancient E ...
, respectively.
Articles on individual hieroglyphs
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Arm, cubit symbol (hieroglyph)
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Bee (hieroglyph)
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Bone-with-meat (hieroglyph)
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Bowstring (hieroglyph)
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Brazier (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Brazier hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. Q7 for the ''cooking brazier''. It is shown from the Old Kingdom in the style of a vertical burning flame upon four feet, but the hieroglyph has the ''flame'' hiding the fourth ...
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Bull (ka hieroglyph)
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Carob (hieroglyph)
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Child (hieroglyph)
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Cross-ndj (hieroglyph)
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Crossroads (hieroglyph)
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Djsr (arm with powerstick)
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Egg (hieroglyph)
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Emblem of the East (hieroglyph)
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Emblem of the West (hieroglyph)
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Face (hieroglyph)
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Foot (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian b-hieroglyph ( Gardiner D58) represents a foot or lower leg.Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. ''Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook'', uniliteral: U3, p. 22-23.
Gallery
File:Egypt Medicine2.jpg, Relief(also shows 3rd "m" ...
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Foreleg of ox
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Game piece (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Game piece (hieroglyph), also a Token, or the general term for any ''gaming-gambling'' piece, Draughtsman is an ancient hieroglyph. Gaming pieces were certainly required in predynastic times, as the cultural creation of game ...
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Gold (hieroglyph)
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Grape arbor (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Grape arbor hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. M43 in Gardiner's subcategory for ''trees and plants''. The hieroglyph shows a horizontal vine with stylized bunches suspended below; each end is supported by the hierogl ...
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Hand (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Hand hieroglyph is an alphabetic hieroglyph with the meaning of "d"; it is also used in the word for 'hand', and actions that are performed, i.e. by the 'way of one's hands', or actions. (Used as a determinative.)
Iconog ...
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Hand drill (hieroglyph)
The Hand drill is a hieroglyph, (and tool), used in ancient Egypt from the earliest dynasties. As a hieroglyph, it can also be used as a determinative for words related to the profession of vase, bowl, pot-making, etc., typically from fine-gra ...
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Hare (hieroglyph)
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Harpoon (hieroglyph)
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Hill-country (hieroglyph)
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House (hieroglyph)
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air ...
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Incense burner: arm (hieroglyph)
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Incense burner: pot (hieroglyph)
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Jubilee Pavilion (hieroglyph)
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Km (hieroglyph)
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Land, irrigated (hieroglyph)
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Leopard head (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Leopard head hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. F9 is a portrayal of the ''head of a leopard''; it is in the Gardiner subset for "parts of mammals".
In the Egyptian language, the Leopard head hieroglyph is used as a de ...
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Man-prisoner (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Man-prisoner is one of the oldest hieroglyphs from Ancient Egypt. An iconographic portrayal from predynastic Egypt eventually led to its incorporation into the writing system of the Egyptian language. Not only rebels from ...
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Man-seated: arms in adoration (hieroglyph)
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Mast (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Mast hieroglyph is one of the oldest language hieroglyphs from Ancient Egypt. It is used on a famous label of Pharaoh Den of the First dynasty, but forms part of the location hieroglyph: Emblem of the East.
Nectanebo II's ...
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Night (hieroglyph)
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Naos (hieroglyph)
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Papyrus stem (hieroglyph)
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Pick (hieroglyph)
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Pr (hieroglyph)
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Road (hieroglyph)
The Ancient Egyptian Road-with-shrubs hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. N31 for a ''road'', ''"street"'', or ''pathway''. It originally was a curving hieroglyph, but became a standardized straight form as well.
The Road hieroglyph is us ...
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Sail (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Sail hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. P5 for the ''sail of a ship''. The hieroglyph shows a hoisted sail, curved because of wind filling it. It is used in Egyptian hieroglyphs as a determinative for words related t ...
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Shuti hieroglyph (two-feather adornment)
The ancient Egyptian Shuti, a ''two-feather adornment'' for crowns, is part of a series of hieroglyphs for "crowns"; usage as a hieroglyph is not as common as the actual crown represented in Egyptian art, and artworks.
One popular use of the '' ...
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Sky (hieroglyph)
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Spine with fluid (hieroglyph)
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Stair-single (hieroglyph)
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Sun (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Sun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. N5 for the ''sun-disc'';Collier and Manley, 1998, ''How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs'', C1, sun-disc, p. 136. it is also one of the hieroglyphs that refers to the god Ra.
The su ...
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Sun-rising (hieroglyph)
The Egyptian hieroglyph Rising Sun (Gardiner N28) is used to represent "coronation", and related meanings (festivals, parades, rejoicing, etc.). Its phonetic value is ''ḫꜥ'' ("kha").
It is used in the Horus name of pharaoh Khasekhemwy (''á ...
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Swallow (hieroglyph)
The Ancient Egyptian Swallow hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. G36 for swallow birds. The Sparrow hieroglyph appears similar in size and shape, though it lacks the swallow's forked tail and is used to represent small, or bad items.
The '' ...
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Three fox skins (hieroglyph)
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Throw stick (hieroglyph)
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Two whips with shen ring (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Two Whips with Shen ring hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed no. S23 is a portrayal of the Shen ring with two Egyptian flails-(Crook and flail); it is a member of the Gardiner subset for ''"crowns, dress, staves, etc".''
I ...
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Union symbol (hieroglyph)
;Hieroglyph is part of article:
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Ankh
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Bennu
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Cartouche
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Deshret
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Djed
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Eye of Horus
The Eye of Horus, ''wedjat'' eye or ''udjat'' eye is a concept and symbol in ancient Egyptian religion that represents well-being, healing, and protection. It derives from the mythical conflict between the god Horus with his rival Set, in wh ...
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Hedjet
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Khepresh
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Renpet
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Sekhem scepter
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Serekh
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Seshat's emblem
Seshat ( egy, sš3t, under various spellings) was the ancient Egyptian goddess of writing, wisdom, and knowledge. She was seen as a scribe and record keeper; her name means "female scribe". She is credited with inventing writing. She also bec ...
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Set animal
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Shen ring
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Tyet
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Uraeus
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Wadjet
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Was (sceptre)
See also
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Egyptian hieroglyphs
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Gardiner's sign list
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List of cuneiform signs
References
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Budge, Sir E.A.Wallis, ''An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, in Two Volumes,'' Sir E.A.Wallis Budge, (Dover Publications, Inc. New York), c 1920, Dover Edition, c 1978. (Large categorized listings of Hieroglyphs, Vol 1, pp. xcvii–cxlvii (97–147) (25 categories, 1000+ hieroglyphs), 50 pgs.)
*Faulkner, William (1991). Middle Egyptian. Griffith. .:
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A.H. Gardiner, ''Catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, from matrices owned and controlled by Dr. Alan'' (1928).
* A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1928)", ''The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'' 15 (1929), p. 95.
* A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1931)", ''The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'' 17 (1931), pp. 245–247.
* A.H. Gardiner, ''Supplement to the catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, showing acquisitions to December 1953'' (1953).
* A.H. Gardiner, ''
Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs''. 3rd Ed., pub.
Griffith Institute, Oxford, 1957 (1st edition 1927), pp. 438–548
pdf.
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Möller, Georg. 1909. ''Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Erster Band: Bis zum Beginn der achtzehnten Dynastie''
* Möller, Georg. 1927. ''Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Zweiter Band: Von der Zeit Thutmosis' III bis zum Ende der einundzwanzigsten Dynastie,''
* Möller, Georg. 1936. ''Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Dritter Band: Von der zweiundzwanzigsten Dynastie bis zum dritten Jahrhundert nach Chr.''
* Möller, Georg. 1936. ''Hieratische Paläographie: die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der Fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Vierter *Band: Ergänzungsheft zu Band I und II''
* Wilkinson, Richard, ''Reading Egyptian Art, A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture,'' Richard H. Wilkinson, with 450 Illustrations, (Thames & Hudson Ltd, London), c 1992.
* Rainer Hannig: ''Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch. (2800 – 950 v. Chr.)'' Marburger Edition. 4th rev. ed. von Zabern, Mainz 2006, , (= Hannig-Lexica. vol. 1); (= Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt. vol. 64, ISSN 0937-9746),contains the Gardiner list plus an extended sign list.
* Rainer Hannig, Petra Vomberg: ''Wortschatz der Pharaonen in Sachgruppen''. Hannig Lexica vol. 2, 2nd ed, von Zabern, Mainz 2012, .
* Friedrich Junge: ''Einführung in die Grammatik des Neuägyptischen'' 3rd rev. ed. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, , information on transcription and transliteration and peculiarities of New Kingdom orthographies.
* Christian Leitz: ''Die Tempelinschriften der griechisch-römischen Zeit.'' 3rd rev ed. Münster 2009, , (= ''Quellentexte zur ägyptischen Religion'' 1), (= ''Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie'' 2), references older inventories of Ptolemaic era hieroglyphics.
* Michael Everson and Bob Richmond,
Towards a Proposal to encode Egyptian Hieroglyphs in Unicode' (2006)
External links
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WikiHiero syntax (
MediaWiki)
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:wiktionary:Appendix:Unicode/Egyptian Hieroglyphs
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:wiktionary:Egyptian hieroglyphic script characters
Gardiner Sign ListAlphabetat ancient-egypt.co.uk
finding hieroglyphs
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Egyptian Hieroglyphs By Alphabetization
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