Vinogradovsky District (russian: Виногра́довский райо́н) is an administrative district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
twenty-one
21 (twenty-one) is the natural number following 20 and preceding 22.
The current century is the 21st century AD, under the Gregorian calendar.
In mathematics
21 is:
* a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 3 and 7, and a deficie ...
in
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast (russian: Арха́нгельская о́бласть, ''Arkhangelskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
.
[Law #65-5-OZ] As a
municipal division, it is incorporated as Vinogradovsky Municipal District.
[Law #258-vneoch.-OZ] It is located in the center of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
and borders with
Pinezhsky District
Pinezhsky District (russian: Пи́нежский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Municipally, it is incorporated as Pinezhsky Municipal District.Law #258-vneo ...
in the northeast,
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District (russian: Верхнето́емский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal D ...
in the southeast,
Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District (russian: Ше́нкурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal Distri ...
in the south,
Plesetsky District
Plesetsky District (russian: Плесе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Plesetsky Municipal District.Law ...
in the southwest, the
town of oblast significance of
Mirny in the west, and with
Kholmogorsky District
Kholmogorsky District (russian: Холмого́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kholmogorsky Municipal District.Law #258-vneoc ...
in the northwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
is the
urban locality (an
urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
) of
Bereznik Bereznik (russian: Березник) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Arkhangelsk Oblast
As of 2010, nineteen inhabited localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast bear this name.
;Urban localities
*Bereznik, Vinogradovsky District, Ar ...
.
Population: The population of Bereznik accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.
Etymology
The district is named after
Pavlin Vinogradov Pavlin may refer to:
*Kim Daniela Pavlin (born 1992), Croatian swimmer
*Luka Pavlin (born 1988), Slovenian footballer
*Miran Pavlin
Miran Pavlin (born 8 October 1971) is a Slovenian former professional footballer who played as midfielder. He fe ...
, a
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
and an active participant of the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
and the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
. In 1918, Vinogradov was sent to Arkhangelsk and eventually charged with the organization of the Bolshevik resistance to British and American troops. Vinogradov died in combat at the village of
Shidrovo, now within the area of the district.
History
The area was originally populated by speakers of
Uralic languages
The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian (w ...
and then colonized by the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of m ...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
. Historically, it was a part of
Vazhsky Uyezd
Vazhsky (russian: Важский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kitskoye Rural Settlement of Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 423 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.
Geography
Vazhsky is located on the ...
, a vast area including almost all of the river basin of the
Vaga
VAGA is an artists collective dedicated to improving mental health and fighting cognitive decline through art therapy. The organisation brings together artists, clinicians and academic psychologists to foster research collaboration and the develop ...
. In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the area was included into
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate (russian: Архангелогородская губерния, ''Arkhangelogorodskaya guberniya''), or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and ...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty (russian: Волого́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda ...
. Vazhsky Uyezd was split, and the area of the current Vinogradovsky District became a part of the newly established
Shenkursky Uyezd.
In 1796, Shenkursky Uyezd was transferred to
Arkhangelsk Governorate
Arkhangelsk Governorate (russian: link=no, Архангельская губерния, ''Arkhangelskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. ...
. The area was known as ''Podvinsky Stan''.
During the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
, battles between British and American troops and the Bolshevik troops took place on the territory of the modern district. The battles also involved the
Northern Dvina Flotilla
Northern may refer to the following:
Geography
* North, a point in direction
* Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe
* Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States
* Northern Province, Sri Lanka
* Northern Range, a ra ...
, which acted on the Northern Dvina.
Shenkursky Uyezd remained in Arkhangelsk Governorate until 1929, when several governorates were merged into
Northern Krai
Northern Krai (russian: Северный край, ''Severny Krai'') was a ''krai'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. ...
. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Shenkursky Uyezd was split into Shenkursky, Bereznikovsky, and
Rovdinsky Districts. Bereznikovsky District became a part of
Nyandoma Okrug
Nyandoma (russian: Ня́ндома) is a town and the administrative center of Nyandomsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
Nyandoma was founded in ...
of Northern Krai.
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into
Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. In 1940, Bereznikovsky District was renamed Vinogradovsky District and remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
Geography
The district is located on both banks of the
Northern Dvina
, image = dvina.jpg
, image_size =
, image_caption = Northern Dvina starts as the confluence of Yug River (on left) and Sukhona River (on top) near Veliky Ustyug (photo 2001)
, source1 = Confluence of ...
; the left-bank part of the district is considerably smaller than the right-bank one. The whole of the district belongs to the
basins
Basin may refer to:
Geography and geology
* Depression (geology)
** Back-arc basin, a submarine feature associated with island arcs and subduction zones
** Debris basin, designed to prevent damage from debris flow
** Drainage basin (hydrology), a ...
of the Northern Dvina River and its major
tributaries
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage b ...
. The main tributaries of the Northern Dvina within the district are the
Vaga
VAGA is an artists collective dedicated to improving mental health and fighting cognitive decline through art therapy. The organisation brings together artists, clinicians and academic psychologists to foster research collaboration and the develop ...
(left) and the
Vayenga (right). The eastern part of the district belongs to the basin of the
Pinega
Pinega (russian: Пинега) is a rural locality (a settlement), formerly a town, in Pinezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Pinega River (hence the name). It serves as the administrative center of Pine ...
via its major left tributaries, the
Yula
Yula is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, located in northern center of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the vicinity of the major Postclassic Maya center of Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza , es, Chichén ...
and the
Pokshenga
The Pokshenga (russian: Покшенга, Покшеньга) is a river in Vinogradovsky and Pinezhsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Pinega. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tribu ...
.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (
taiga
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruce ...
). The exception are the meadows in the
floodplain
A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.Goudi ...
s.
Divisions
Administrative divisions
As an
administrative division
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
, the district is divided into thirteen
selsoviet
Selsoviet ( be, сельсавет, r=sieĺsaviet, tr. ''sieĺsaviet''; rus, сельсовет, p=ˈsʲelʲsɐˈvʲɛt, r=selsovet; uk, сільрада, silrada) is a shortened name for a rural council and for the area governed by such a cou ...
s and one
urban-type settlement with jurisdictional territory (
Bereznik Bereznik (russian: Березник) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Arkhangelsk Oblast
As of 2010, nineteen inhabited localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast bear this name.
;Urban localities
*Bereznik, Vinogradovsky District, Ar ...
).
One locality which previously had
urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
status,
Rochegda, was downgraded in status to that of a rural locality in 2005. The following selsoviets have been established (the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
s are given in parentheses):
*Boretsky (Gridinskaya)
*Kitsky (Vazhsky)
*Konetsgorsky (Konetsgorye)
*Morzhegorsky (Rodionovskaya)
*Osinovsky (Osinovo)
*Rochegodsky (Rochegda)
*Selmengsky (Selmenga)
*Shastozyorsky (Uyta)
*Shidrovsky (Shidrovo)
*Topetsky (Topsa)
*Ust-Vayengsky (Ust-Vayenga)
*Vayengsky (Vorontsy)
*Zaostrovsky (Yakovlevskaya)
Municipal divisions
As a
municipal division, the district is divided into one urban settlement and eight rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
*Bereznikovskoye Urban Settlement (
Bereznik Bereznik (russian: Березник) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Arkhangelsk Oblast
As of 2010, nineteen inhabited localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast bear this name.
;Urban localities
*Bereznik, Vinogradovsky District, Ar ...
)
*
Boretskoye Rural Settlement (Selmenga)
*
Kitskoye Rural Settlement (Vazhsky)
*
Morzhegorskoye Rural Settlement (Khetovo)
*
Osinovskoye Rural Settlement (Osinovo)
*
Rochegodskoye Rural Settlement (Rochegda)
*
Shidrovskoye Rural Settlement (Shidrovo)
*
Ust-Vayengskoye Rural Settlement (Ust-Vayenga)
*
Zaostrovskoye Rural Settlement (Yakovlevskaya)
Economy
Industry
The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry, which in 2010 was responsible for 95% of the district production.
Food industry, including milk production, is also developed to some extent.
Agriculture
Agriculture specializations include cattle production, as well as growing of potatoes and vegetables. Agriculture in the district suffered heavily from the economic crisis of the 1990s, from which it has not recovered.
Transportation
One of the principal highways in Russia,
M8 connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, crosses the district from south to north.
The Northern Dvina and the Vaga are navigable within the boundaries of the district.
Culture and recreation
The district contains twelve objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by the Russian Federal law, and additionally seventy-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are wooden rural houses, churches, and bridges built prior to 1917.
Of the four ensembles protected at the federal level only one survives,
*
Seletsky Pogost is an all-wooden ensemble of St. Iliya Church (1798), Church of the Erection of the Cross (1802–1808), and the bell-tower (1800).
*Kalezhsky Pogost was an ensemble of two wooden churches - St. Nicholas Church (1773), St. Demetrius Church (1890), as well as the wooden bell-tower (1745), in the village of
Kalyi. Burned down in 2006, it no longer exists.
*Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (1726) in the village of
Yakovlevskaya. Burned down in 1989, it no longer exists.
*The ensemble of wooden St. Joachim and St. Anna Church (1726) and St. Vasily Church (1700); no longer exists.
The only museum in the district is Vinogradovsky District Museum in Bereznik, open in 1970.
In the ''selos'' of Borok and Puchuga, located along the Northern Dvina, traditional wood painting crafts developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, similar to the neighboring
Nizhnyaya Toyma painting school. It is characteristic of painting in black and red colors over a yellow background.
[Юрий Арбат. "Путешествие за красотой". Культура, Москва 1968]
Chapter 1
Their favorite
motifs were the
Sirin Bird and the black horses, symbols of a wealthy household.
[ By the 1970s, the craft declined.
]
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=June 2011
Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast