History
The first construction of this "villa" occurred in the first century, of which only remains the primitive atrium and the remains of the thermal baths (which later adapted into the successive infrastructures). Vila Cadílio's second phase occurred of around the 4th century, being the property of Cardílio and Avita. In 1930, the site served as a mine, whose property-owner (from Casais da Caveira) removed 360 cartloads of rock from the site. The first archaeological interest in the site occurred in 1932; Jalhay and Afonso do Paço began investigating the grounds, cataloguing the built-up environment. Formal excavations of the site occurred between 1963 and 1964, under the direction of Afonso do Paço. It was revised in 1980, under the direction of Jorge Alarcão and supervised by Drs. Monteiro and Quinteira, from the Faculty of Letters at the University of Coimbra. This intervention used a stratigraphic method of excavation, utilizing a graticule plan of the site. Of the remnants encountered until 1963, were the following: a clay statue,Architecture
The site is located in the rural suburbs of the civil parish of Santa Maria, in the municipality of Torres Novas. On a cultivated plain that circles the Almonda River, it is from the centre of Torres Novas. The ''"curigum"'' collected water during the summer months, permitting not just irrigation, but cooling of the spaces. Over the pavement of many of the dependencies were encountered imbrex tiles, and studs that connected them within the structure. It is a unique example of Roman ''villa'', that actually identifies the property-owners: Cardílio and Avita. It is also an important villa that existed alongside the Roman towns of Santa Vitória do Ameixial and Torre de Palma, their mosaics comparable to those of Milreu and Conímbriga. This vila was organized around the vast ''"peristylum"'', about long and circled by twelve columns that protected a square courtyard, with a deep pool (in the extreme southern part of the property). Around this area was a long section, with six mosaic panels in ''"opus-tessellatum"'' geometric patterns. Meanwhile, between these panels and the courtyard and channel in ''"opus signinum"'', the ''"curigum"''. To the east of the ''"peristylum"'', is the ''"exedra"'' a by area, paved in ''"opus signinum"'', at the back of which is an apse, proceeded by a porticom with four (in front) and two lateral columns. West of the ''"peristylum"'', is the ''"ostium"'', the principal entrance, with mosaic pavement, forming various decorative, geometric and figurative panels. On one of these is the inscription: ''"VIVENTES / CARDILIUM / ETAVITAM / FELIXTURRE"'', while on another is a figure of a Roman couple, circled by craters, a sickle, birds, diametrically opposed 2x2 posts and with flowers in the corners. The inscription of the Roman property owners has had differencing interpretations, that included: ''"Felix of Turre created the mosaics in homage to Cardílio and Avita"''; ''"Felix created the picture of Cardílio and Avita, in life, in the locality called Turris"''; ''"Torre was happy while Cardílio and Avita lived"''; ''"Cardílio and Avita lived here in the happy tower"'' The objects in the property-owner's panel, the sickle and the craters, may have represented the cultivation of wheat and vineyard.Costa (1982), p. 48 There also exist vestiges of a ''"frigidarium"'' (cold baths), ''"caldarium"'' (hot baths) and respective ''"hypocaustum"'', as well as a pool, to the west of the''"peristylum"''. These ''thermal'' zones are actually over older deposits, of which two tanks still remain. To the north of the''"ostium"'' is a tank encircled by columns on three sides, which may have represented the atrium of an older building.References
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* History of Portugal *