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Bovino is a '' comune'' and hill town at the eastern side of the
Apennines The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; grc-gre, links=no, Ἀπέννινα ὄρη or Ἀπέννινον ὄρος; la, Appenninus or  – a singular with plural meaning;''Apenninus'' (Greek or ) has the form of an adjective, which wou ...
in the province of Foggia,
Apulia it, Pugliese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographic ...
, southern Italy. Located within the woody Daunian Mountains as a terrace over the Tavoliere plains, Bovino is currently a member of the society " Italy's most beautiful villages".


History

Bovino has more than two thousand years of history, and in 323 BC, participated in the Samnite Wars, fighting against the Romans. The Romans subsequently rebuilt the town, calling it Vibinum. During the
Second Carthaginian War The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Ital ...
, it is likely that
Hannibal Hannibal (; xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋, ''Ḥannibaʿl''; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Puni ...
camped on Monte Castro during his march to Rome. In 663, after being conquered by the Lombards, Bovino was destroyed during the war with the Byzantines. In 876, after the Byzantine reconquest, the walls around Bovino were rebuilt by Emperor Basil I, and the streets were laid out in their characteristic narrow design. In the 11th century, during the Norman conquest of southern Italy, Bovino was one of the last remaining Byzantine strongholds. In 1656,
bubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium (''Yersinia pestis''). One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, as well a ...
killed the majority of the local population, and only 1,200 people survived.


Main sights

The largest single edifice is the Norman castle. It occupies a commanding view of the village. The courtyard is permanently open. The ''villa communale'' is a municipal park with ponds and fountains, housing an extensive arboretum lined with horse chestnut trees. There are several panorama viewpoints. Most are next to remains of the original Roman wall. Several streets in the historic centre are still stepped and paved with cobbles. Other ancient sights include the
Roman aqueduct The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns. Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines, fountains, and private households; it also supported mining o ...
. Bovino is the seat of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bovino The Diocese of Bovino (Latin: Bivinensis, or Bovinensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese in the civil province of Apulia, southern Italy. It is 23 mi (37 km) southwest of Foggia.Hercules. The
Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
-style Church of the
Rosary The Rosary (; la, , in the sense of "crown of roses" or "garland of roses"), also known as the Dominican Rosary, or simply the Rosary, refers to a set of prayers used primarily in the Catholic Church, and to the physical string of knots or b ...
(Italian ''Chiesa del Rosario'') has an elongated brick campanile. The Cathedral is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Its interior varies in style according to the construction period. The most ancient section is the chapel of San Marco in Ercana, housing the relics of this local patron saint. The church of San Pietro contains a painting of the crucifixion of
St. Peter ) (Simeon, Simon) , birth_date = , birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire , death_date = Between AD 64–68 , death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire , parents = John (or Jonah; Jona) , occupation ...
by the Master of Bovino of the
Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio, known as simply Caravaggio (, , ; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of hi ...
school. As archbishop of Kraków, the future Pope John Paul II visited Bovino in 1965 together with eleven other Polish bishops. He then laid the foundation stone of what was to become the ''Santuario di Santa Maria di Valleverde'', dedicated to an alleged appearance of the Virgin Mary. Situated part way up hill from the main SS90 trunk road to Bovino, the ''Santuario'' has become a popular pilgrimage site. Wojtyła returned as Pope in the 1980s in order to officially ratify the Marian apparition and open the church.


Events

Bovino is home to several festivals, the largest being the "Feast of August 29th". Dating back to the time of the ruling feudal Guevara family, Bovino has a fair on that day. In addition to visits by a large number of vendors, there is usually a holy procession featuring the statue of the Madonna of Valleverde. The day is also marked by an historic cavalcade.


Economy

Bovino's economy is principally agrarian. Main crops are olive oil, sunflower oil, wine and tomatoes. Family small holdings have increasingly given way to co-operatives, allowing farmers to gain access to larger markets. Grape vines are generally of the sangiovese variety. Bovino grows winter tomatoes in large greenhouses. Tomatoes are of the plum tomato variety. Bovino also has its own varieties of Puglia cheeses, including mozzarella, caciocavallo, ricotta and provolone. The main industrial area of Bovino is Bovino Scalo, situated downhill by the River
Cervaro Cervaro is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italy, Italian region Lazio. It is located in the Liri River, Liri valley, about southeast of Rome and about southeast of Frosinone. Cervaro borders the followin ...
. This zone marks a boundary for the Tavoliere d'Italia, a large fertile plain famous for producing high quality durum wheat for pasta. Nearby
Foggia Foggia (, , ; nap, label= Foggiano, Fògge ) is a city and former ''comune'' of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known ...
claims several of the world's most famous pasta manufacturers, including Barilla and Buitoni. Of increasing importance is tourism. As a member of the society of " Italy's most beautiful villages", Bovino is recognised for its natural environment and archeological heritage. There are restaurants which specialise in local food. A handful of hotels are available for tourists.
FCA FCA may refer to: Arts * Federation of Canadian Artists * Foundation for Contemporary Art, in Ghana * Foundation for Contemporary Arts, in the United States Business and economics * False Claims Act, a United States federal law * Federal Cus ...
(former
FIAT Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...
) has become an important local employer since the construction of the
Punto Punto may refer to: In music: * Punto (Venezuela), a style of Venezuelan music * Punto guajiro, a style of music of the Cuban countryside and its guajiros * Punto music, a style of Panamanian music In automobiles: * Fiat Punto, supermini produced ...
model began at Melfi. There is a bus service to the factory for employees.


References


External links

* http://www.lastampa.it/2015/04/06/multimedia/societa/i-borghi-ditalia-KctJmvzMMXrFQTpxmF6WuJ/pagina.html * http://www.prolocobovino.it/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20080323101252/http://www.bovinonline.it/ * http://www.orchideedibovino.it/ * http://www.museum.com/jb/museum?id=12547 * http://www.borghitalia.it/html/borgo_en.php?codice_borgo=348&codice=elenco&page=1 {{Authority control Cities and towns in Apulia