Struck idiophones is one of the categories of idiophones (that is, any

musical instrument A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. A person who pl ...

that creates sound primarily by the instrument as a whole vibrating—without the use of strings or membranes) that are found in the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification. Struck idiophones are categorised as 11 in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. There are two main categories of struck idiophones, directly (111) and indirectly (112) struck. According to Sachs,

Directly struck (111)

Directly struck idiophones produce sound resulting from a direct action of the performer as opposed to the indirectly struck idiophones. The player strikes the instrument with a direct action, either by hand or by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc. It is definitive that the player can apply clearly defined individual strokes and that the instrument itself is equipped for this kind of percussion. There are two main categories of directly struck idiophones, concussion idiophones (111.1) and percussion idiophones (111.2).

Concussion idiophones or clappers (111.1)

Two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other. According to Sachs, idophones struck together: According to Sachs, struck idiophones: 111.11 Concussion sticks or stick clappers (nearly equal thickness and width). * Clapsticks * Claves 111.12 Concussion plaques or plaque clappers (flat). *

Clapper Clapper or Clappers may refer to: Miscellaneous *Clapper, part of a bell *Clapper (musical instrument), consisting of two pieces of wood struck together *Clapper bridge, an ancient form of bridge *Clapper Post, urban postal service of Vienna (XVI ...

* Guban * Paiban * Pak *

Slapstick Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from inept use of props such a ...

111.13 Concussion troughs or trough clappers (shallow). *

Devil chase The devil chaser is a percussion instrument originating in Southern Asia and commonly found in India and the Philippines. It is an idiophone made from a bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up th ...

111.14 Concussion vessels or vessel clappers (deep). * Spoons 111.141 Castanets - Natural and hollowed-out vessel clappers. * Castanets *

Krap KRAP (1350 AM) is a radio station licensed to Washington, Missouri. Station and programming Originally put on the air by then-owner Ken Kuenzie as KSLQ in 1985, the station changed its callsign to KWMO in July 1998 under the new owner Brad Hil ...

111.142 Cymbals - Vessel clappers with manufactured rim. * Chap *

Ching Ching may refer to: People * Ching (given name), a unisex name * Ching (surname), a romanization of some Chinese surnames such as Cheng and Zhuang * Ching Hammill (1902–1925), American football player * Ivan Ching Johnson (1898–1979), Canadia ...

* Clash Cymbals

Percussion idiophones (111.2)

The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground). 111.21 Percussion sticks. 111.211 Individual percussion sticks. * Dhantal * Triangle 111.212 Sets of percussion sticks in a range of different pitches combined into one instrument. - All xylophones, as long as their sounding components are not in two different planes. * Balafon * Gandingan a kayo * Glasschord * Glass marimba * Glasspiel/verrillon * Kulintang a kayo * Luntang or kwintangan kayo * Marimba *Wooden

Marimbaphone The marimbaphone (not to be confused with the similarly named marimba) is an obsolete tuned percussion instrument, developed by the J.C. Deagan Company of Chicago, Illinois, U.S. in the early 20th century. The marimbaphone had either shallow stee ...

(also

bowed Bowed string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by a bow rubbing the strings. The bow rubbing the string causes vibration which the instrument emits as sound. Despite the numerous specialist studies devoted to th ...

) * Xylophone * Xylorimba 111.22 Percussion plaques. 111.221 Individual percussion plaques. 111.222 Sets of percussion plaques - Examples are the Lithophone and also most Metallophones. * Crotales * Lithophone *

Celesta The celesta or celeste , also called a bell-piano, is a struck idiophone operated by a keyboard. It looks similar to an upright piano (four- or five-octave), albeit with smaller keys and a much smaller cabinet, or a large wooden music box ( ...

* Dulcitone * Fangxiang * Gangsa *

Gendèr A gendèr is a type of metallophone used in Balinese people, Balinese and Javanese gamelan music. It consists of 10 to 14 tuned metal bars suspended over a tuned resonator of bamboo or metal, which are tapped with a mallet made of wooden disks ...

Glockenspiel The glockenspiel ( or , : bells and : set) or bells is a percussion instrument consisting of pitched aluminum or steel bars arranged in a keyboard layout. This makes the glockenspiel a type of metallophone, similar to the vibraphone. The glo ...

* Kulintang a tiniok, kulintang a putao, or sarunay * Metallophone *Metal

(also bowed) * Ranat ek lek * Ranat thum lek *Steel Marimba * Toy piano * Ugal * Vibraphone 111.23 Percussion tubes. 111.231 Individual percussion tubes. * Agung a tamlang *Alimba *Huari * Huiringua * Kagul *Krin or Kolokolos *Mondo *Mukoko * Slit drum * Takuapu * Teponaztli *Tubular

Wood block Woodblock or wood block may refer to: * Woodblock (instrument), a percussion musical instrument * Woodblock printing, a method of printing in which an image is carved into the surface of a piece of wood * Woodblock graffiti * Toy block Toy bloc ...

111.232 Sets of percussion tubes. * Tubular bells or chimes 111.24 Percussion vessels. *Boungu * Chuk *

Cymbal A cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs soun ...

s * Crash cymbal *

Hank drum A steel tongue drum, tank drum, or hank drum is a round steel slit drum, slit/tongue drum in the Idiophone family originally fashioned from a propane cylinder. Description A steel tongue drum can be made from an empty (often 20lb) propane tank. Th ...

* Hi-hat cymbal * Hang * Kagul or tagutok * Ride cymbal * Slit drums: * Slit gong * Splash cymbal * Steelpan or steel drum * Udu (also an

aerophone An aerophone () is a musical instrument that produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes (which are respectively chordophones and membranophones), and without the vibration of the instru ...

) *

111.241 Gongs - The vibration is strongest near the vertex. 111.241.1 Individual gongs. * Babendil 111.241.2 Sets of gongs. * Agung or agong * Bock-a-da-bock * Gandingan * Kulintang or kolintang 111.242 Bells - The vibration is weakest near the vertex. * Bell tree 111.242.1 Individual bells 111.242.11 Resting bells whose opening faces upward. * Cowbell 111.242.12 Hanging bells suspended from the apex. 111.242.121 Hanging bells without internal strikers. 111.242.122 Hanging bells with internal strikers. * Bell 111.242.2 Sets of bells or chimes. 111.242.11 Sets of resting bells whose opening faces upward. 111.242.12 Sets of hanging bells suspended from the apex. 111.242.121 Sets of hanging bells without internal strikers. 111.242.122 Sets of hanging bells with internal strikers.

Indirectly struck (112)

Indirectly stuck idiophones produce sound resulting from an indirect action of the performer as opposed to the directly struck idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player. This category is divided in two main sub-categories: shaken idiophones and scraped idiophones.

Shaken idiophones or rattles (112.1)

The player makes a shaking motion 112.11 Suspension rattles - Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other. 112.111 Strung rattles - Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord. 112.112 Stick rattles - Rattling objects are strung on a bar or ring. 112.12 Frame rattles - Rattling objects are attached to a carrier against which they strike. 112.121 Pendant rattles. 112.122 Sliding rattles. 112.13 Vessel rattles - Rattling objects enclosed in a vessel strike against each other or against the walls of the vessel, or usually against both.

Scraped idiophones (112.2)

The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts. This group must not be confused with that of friction idiophones. 112.21 Scraped sticks. 112.211 Scraped sticks without resonator. * Jawbone (instrument) 112.212 Scraped sticks with resonator. 112.22 Scraped tubes. * Kagul 112.23 Scraped vessels. * Guayo *

Güira The güira () is a percussion instrument from the Dominican Republic used as a percussion instrument in merengue, bachata, and to a lesser extent, other genres such as cumbia. It is made of a metal sheet (commonly steel) and played with a stiff ...

Güiro The güiro () is a Puerto Rican percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. It is played by rubbing a stick or tines (see photo) along the notches to produce a ratchet sound. The güiro ...

* Reco-reco 112.24 Scraped wheels - cog rattles or Ratchet *

Derkach Derkach (Cyrillic: Деркач) is a Ukrainian surname meaning a ratchet, noisemaker. Notable people with the surname include: *Andrii Derkach (born 1967), Ukrainian politician and businessman * Andriy Derkach (footballer) (born 1985), Ukrainian ...

112.3 Split idiophones - Instruments in the shape of two springy arms connected at one end and touching at the other: the arms are forced apart by a little stick, to jungle or vibrate on recoil.

References

{{Authority control Lists of percussion instruments Lists of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number