Vernon Lyman Kellogg (December 1, 1867 – August 8, 1937) was an American
entomologist
Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...
, evolutionary biologist, and science administrator. His father was
Lyman Beecher Kellogg
Lyman Beecher Kellogg (September 28, 1841 – October 8, 1918) was the first president, as well as the first teacher, of Kansas State Normal (KSN), now known as Emporia State University, in Emporia, Kansas, United States. After serving as KSN's p ...
, first president of the
Kansas State Normal School (now known as
Emporia State University
Emporia State University (Emporia State or ESU) is a public university in Emporia, Kansas, United States. Established in March 1863 as the Kansas State Normal School, Emporia State is the third-oldest public university in the state of Kansas. Em ...
), and former
Kansas Attorney General. In 1908, Kellogg married
Charlotte Hoffman and the two welcomed their only child, Jean Kellogg Dickie, in 1910.
He studied under
Francis Snow at the
University of Kansas
The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States, and several satellite campuses, research and educational centers, medical centers, and classes across the state of Kansas. Tw ...
, under
John Henry Comstock
John Henry Comstock (February 24, 1849 – March 20, 1931) was an eminent researcher in entomology and arachnology and a leading educator. His work provided the basis for classification of butterflies, moths, and scale insects.
Early life and ...
at
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
, and under
Rudolf Leuckart
Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (7 October 1822 – 22 February 1898) was a German zoologist born in Helmstedt. He was a nephew to naturalist Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart (1794–1843).
Academic career
He earned his degree from the Uni ...
at the
University of Leipzig
Leipzig University (german: Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 Decemb ...
in Germany.
From 1894 to 1920, Kellogg was professor of
entomology
Entomology () is the science, scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such ...
at
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
. Kellogg specialized in insect
taxonomy
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
and economic entomology.
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...
was among his students, and
Florence E. Bemis
Florence Eugenie Bemis (1861?–?) was a late 19th and early 20th century American entomologist and expert in whiteflies.
Scientific career
Bemis worked at Stanford University in the laboratory of entomologist Vernon Lyman Kellogg and in the fiel ...
worked in his lab.
His academic career was interrupted by two years (1915 and 1916) spent in
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
as director of
Hoover's humanitarian American Commission for Relief in Belgium
The Commission for Relief in Belgium or C.R.B. − known also as just Belgian Relief − was an international (predominantly American) organization that arranged for the supply of food to German-occupied Belgium and northern France during the Fir ...
. Initially a
pacifist
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...
, Kellogg dined with the officers of the
German Supreme Command. He became shocked by the grotesque
Social Darwinist
Social Darwinism refers to various theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics, and which were largely defined by scholars in W ...
motivation for the German war machine, "the creed of
survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection. The biological concept of fitness is defined as reproductive success. In Darwinian terms, th ...
based on violent and fatal competitive struggle is the Gospel of the German intellectuals." Kellogg decided that the ideas could be beaten only by force and, using his connections with America's political elite, began to campaign for American intervention in the war. He published an account of his conversations in the book ''Headquarters Nights''.
After the war, he served as the first permanent secretary of the National Research Council in
Washington, DC
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan ...
.
He served on the board of trustees for Science Service, (now known as
Society for Science & the Public), from 1921 to 1933.
A
Liberty ship built in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
was named ''
SS Vernon L. Kellogg
SS ''Vernon L. Kellogg'' was an American Liberty ship built in 1943 for service in World War II. Her namesake was Vernon Lyman Kellogg, an American entomologist, evolutionary biologist, and science administrator.
Design
Like other Liberty sh ...
''.
Works
* ''Common injurious insects of Kansas'' (
Lawrence University
Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second college in the U.S. to be founded as a coeducation ...
, 1892).
* With J.H. Comstock, ''The elements of insect anatomy; an outline for the use of students in the entomological laboratories of Cornell University and
Leland Stanford Junior University'' (Comstock Pub. Co., Ithaca, 1895).
* With J.H. Comstock, ''The elements of insect anatomy'' (Comstock Pub. Co., Ithaca, 1899).
* ''A list of the biting lice (
Mallophaga) taken from birds and mammals of North America'' (Gov’t print. off., Washington, 1899).
* With
Oliver Peebles Jenkins (1850-1935), ''Lessons in nature study'' (The Whitaker & Ray Company, San Francisco, 1900).
* With
David Starr Jordan
David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford Univer ...
,
Animal Life A First Book of Zoölogy'' (D. Appelton and Co., New York, 1900).
* ''Elementary zoology'' (
Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. Currently, the company publishes in the fields ...
, New York, 1901, reedited in 1902).
* ''First lessons in zoology'' (H. Holt and Company, New York, 1903).
* With D.S. Jordan,
Evolution and animal life an elementary discussion of facts, processes, laws and theories relating to the life and evolution of animals'' (D. Appleton and company, New York, 1907).
*
Darwinism to-day a discussion of present-day scientific criticism of the Darwinian selection theories, together with a brief account of the principal other proposed auxiliary and alternative theories of species-forming'' (H. Holt and Company, New York, 1907).
[Ronald L. Numbers (1995). ''Antievolutionism Before World War I''. Taylor & Francis. pp.9-10. ]
*
Insect stories' (D. Appleton and company, New York & London, 1908, reedited in 1923).
* With D.S. Jordan, ''The scientific aspects of
Luther Burbank
Luther Burbank (March 7, 1849 – April 11, 1926) was an American botanist, horticulturist and pioneer in agricultural science.
He developed more than 800 strains and varieties of plants over his 55-year career. Burbank's varied creations incl ...
’s work'' (A. M. Robertson, San Francisco, 1909).
* ''American insects'' (H. Holt and Company, New York, 1905, reedited in 1908).
*
The animals and man' (New York, H. Holt and Company, 1905, reedited with contributions from
Mary Isabel McCracken
Mary Isabel McCracken (1866 – 29 October 1955) was an American entomologist, researcher and teacher.
Career
McCracken was born in Oakland, California in 1866. She began her teaching career at Oakland’s public schools. After a decade of ...
in 1911).
*''
Eugenics
Eugenics ( ; ) is a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or ...
and
Militarism'', presented at First
International Eugenics Congress
Three International Eugenics Congresses took place between 1912 and 1932 and were the global venue for scientists, politicians, and social leaders to plan and discuss the application of programs to improve human heredity in the early twentieth cen ...
, 1912, published in Atlantic Monthly July 1913.
* "Bionomics of War: Military Selection and Race Determination", ''Social Hygiene'', 1/1 (December 1914)
* With
Gordon Floyd Ferris
Gordon Floyd Ferris (January 2, 1893, in Bayard, Kansas – May 21, 1958) was an American entomologist who served as professor of biology at Stanford University from 1912 to 1958 and earned a reputation for his teaching. He founded and edited ...
(1893-1958), ''The Anoplura and Mallophaga of North American mammals'' (Stanford University, 1915).
* With
Rennie Wilbur Doane
Rennie Wilbur Doane (March 11, 1871 – December 1, 1942), was an American entomologist and zoologist who taught at Stanford University from 1906 to 1937. He studied the taxonomy of dipterans (flies) and wrote several textbooks on insects and e ...
(1871-1942), ''Elementary textbook of economic zoology and entomology'' (H. Holt and Company, New York, 1915)
Free online version.* With
Alonzo Engelbert Taylor
Alonzo Engelbert Taylor (died May 20, 1949) was an American food researcher and educator. He served on the U.S. War Trade Board during World War I. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley, University of Pennsylvania and was director ...
(1871-1949),
The food problem' (
Macmillan Company, New York, 1917).
*
Headquarters nights a record of conversations and experiences at the headquarters of the German army in France and Belgium'' (The Atlantic Monthly Press, Boston, v. 1917).
*''The Food Problem'' with Alonzo Engelbert Taylor (1871-1949), (The Macmillan company, New York, 1917).
* ''Fighting starvation in Belgium'' (Page & company, New York, Doubleday, 1918).
*''Germany in the War and After'', New York, The Macmillan Company, 1919.
* ''
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...
, the man and his work'' (D. Appleton and company, New York et Londres 1920).
* With des chansons de Charlotte Kellogg, ''Nuova : or, The new bee, a story for children of five to fifty'' (
Houghton Mifflin
The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star.
Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...
, Boston et New York, v. 1920).
''Human life as the biologist sees it''(H. Holt and company, New York, 1922).
* ''Mind and heredity'' (
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large.
The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, with the financial su ...
, 1923).
''Evolution: the way of man.''(D. Appleton, New York, 1926).
Notes
References
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External links
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*
Vernon Lyman Kellogg Papersat th
Hoover Institution Archives
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kellogg, Vernon Lyman
1867 births
1937 deaths
American entomologists
Evolutionary biologists
Stanford University faculty
20th-century American zoologists
People from Emporia, Kansas
Belgian relief in World War I