Vali or Veli bey Yadigarov (, , ; 1897–1971) was a soldier of the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

and officer of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, Polish Army in the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...

and the Home Army. He served in different armed forces from 1916 until 1946, fighting in both World War I and World War II. In the interbellum Poland, he was promoted to commandant of the 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment.

Background

He was born on in the real estate of

Tekali Teqali (Tekali, or T'ek'ali; ka, თექალი) is a village in the Marneuli district, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia. As of the 2002 census, its population was 1,682, mostly ethnic Azerbaijani (100%).Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire, in a noble Azerbaijani family of Yadigarovs. His father, Sadig bey Yadigarov was a landowner, his mother was Georgian princess Olga Rusieva-Korchibasheva. He had an elder brother David (1883-1920) and younger brother Archil (b. 1889), who were apparently baptized as Orthodox.

Education and service

He attended a private gymnasium in Tiflis, graduating on . After graduation, he briefly studied at Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, but changed his mind and joined Tiflis Cadet Corps, in 1916. Soon afterwards, together with

Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...

Cavalry Regiment, Jedigar was transported to the Eastern Front, to fight in the Brusilov Offensive. After its failure, Vali bey Yadigarov returned to

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

, entering Kiev Artillery School in 1917. He was junker same year and later in view of the Bolshevik unrest and the Ukrainization of Kyiv, temporarily seconded to the regiment in

Temir-Khan-Shura Buynaksk (russian: Буйна́кск; kum, Шура / Темирхан-Шура, ''Şura / Temirxan-Şura'') is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River, southwest of ...

. Later that year he was seconded to the headquarters of the Caucasian Separate Muslim Corps and transferred to the 4th Cavalry Borchaly Regiment of Tatar Cavalry Regiment. He served in Caucasian Muslim Army as a senior officer in 1918. Later after establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, he went to serve in the army of the newly-formed nation on 5 April 1919. The military leadership sent him to Karabakh to the 3rd Sheki Cavalry Regiment (based in Ganja) with him as a platoon commander. In 1919-1920 he was the commander of the machine-gun team of the 3rd Sheki Cavalry Regiment. He fought against Armenian army near Çaylı and Bürc villages. He was promoted to senior lieutenant on 12 November 1919 and to

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

on 28 February 1920. Following the Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, Vali bey Yadigarov continued fighting against the Bolsheviks, later withdrewing with a division to Georgia on 15 June 1920. He was assigned to the emerging Georgian Tatar Division on 13 February 1921 and commanded its first squadron. Next year retreating with the Georgian army, he arrived with a squadron in Batum. He was later appointed as an officer for assignments under the Azerbaijani consulate in Constantinople, later emigrating to Poland with his younger brother Archil. In November 1922 he was officially accepted into the Polish Army, with the rank of the rittmeister.

Life in Poland

In October 1924, Vali bey Yadigarov completed cavalry training for officers, at the Cavalry Training Center in Grudziądz, and in January 1925 he was sent to the 10th Mounted Rifles Regiment, stationed in Łańcut. His skills were appreciated by the military authorities, and the Azerbaijani soldier was quickly promoted. Furthermore, he was a protege of General

Janusz Głuchowski Janusz Julian Głuchowski (nom de guerre ''Janusz'') was a divisional general of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Born on August 6, 1888, in Bukowa (Congress Poland), he fought in Polish Legions in World War I, Polish–Ukrainian ...

, deputy minister of military affairs and commandant of the 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment. In June 1930, Yadigarov completed the battalion commandant course at the Training Center in

Rembertów Rembertów () is a district of the city of Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Between 1939 and 1957 Rembertów was a separate town, after which it was incorporated as part of the borough of Praga-Południe. Between 1994 and 2002 it formed a separate ...

. In 1932, he completed with distinction the

Higher War School The National Defence University of Warsaw ( – AON) was the civil-military highest defence academic institution in Poland, located in Warszawa–Rembertów. In 2016 it was succeeded by the War Studies University. The National Defence Universit ...

in Warsaw, and as a qualified officer, was sent to Baranowicze Cavalry Brigade. In 1934, he was promoted to major, and in 1936, was appointed commandant of the 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment, stationed in Mińsk Mazowiecki. In the 1930s, Yadigarov became acquainted with several high-ranking officers of the Polish Army. As a result, he was supportive of the policies of the Sanacja regime (see also

Piłsudski's colonels Piłsudski's colonels, and in the Polish Army (particularly during the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920, prior to Piłsudski's 1923 resignation as Chief of the Polish General Staff). They had held key, if not necessarily the highest, military ra ...

). Following personal request of Józef Piłsudski, he was an interpreter of a Turkish mission to Poland. After Piłsudski's death, he was selected as one of the soldiers to stand guard over the open casket. In late August 1939, Yadigarov was a lecturer at the Cavalry Training Center in Grudziądz, and a contract officer in the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade. Following the Invasion of Poland, he joined the brigade as its chief of staff. Captured by the Germans as a POW, he was released due to his foreign ethnicity, and returned to Warsaw in August 1940. After return to Warsaw, he immediately became involved in Polish resistance activities. He formed conspirational 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment, and commanded it since August 1940 until July 1944. He was respected by the Home Army authorities, and as a personal friend of General

Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski ''Tadeusz'' is a Polish first name, derived from Thaddaeus. Tadeusz may refer to: * Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (1895–1966), Polish military leader * Tadeusz Borowski (1922–1951), Polish writer and The Holocaust survivor * Tadeusz Boy-Żeleńsk ...

, was responsible for cavalry training. In mid-July 1944, Bor-Komorowski ordered him to leave occupied Poland and escape to the West, to avoid Soviet captivity. Yadigarov, together with wife and daughter, went to Vienna, to return to Warsaw after the outbreak of Warsaw Uprising. Yadigarov remained in occupied Poland until January 1945. In mid-1945, Yadigarov reached Italy, joining Polish II Corps. After some time, he left for Great Britain, and in 1949, together with the family, emigrated to Argentina. He was a very active member of different associations of Polish war veterans, and deputy chairman of ''Organization of Subjugated Nations Liberacion Europea''. Vali bey Yadigarov died of heart attack in Buenos Aires, on 13 December 1971. On 4 August 1990 his ashes were buried at Warsaw's Muslim Tatar Cemetery, during an official ceremony. His bust was unveiled in 2017 in the Józef Poliński park in Warsaw.

Family

He married Wanda Eminowicz (1905-1954) in 1938, with whom he had a daughter, Zuleikha Jedigar-Kalinowska (born 1942).

Works

* ''Outline of the military history of the Tatar Cavalry Regiment named after Colonel Mustafa Akhmatowicz'' (), Warsaw, 1933 * ''Crimea in 1860'' () in Głos z Minarettu, 1949

Awards

* -

Croix de Guerre The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...

* - Order of St. George (2nd, 3rd and 4th degrees) * - "For Bravery" * - Gold Cross of Merit, Cross of Valour, Cross of the Home Army * -

War Medal A war medal is a military decoration awarded in time of war, as opposed to a service medal. It may refer to, for example: *War Medal (Norway) *Campaign medal *Global War on Terrorism Service Medal *British War Medal, British Empire medal for servi ...

, Order of the Medjidie 5th class with sword

References

Sources

* Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert: Słownik biograficzny konspiracji warszawskiej 1939–1945 T.1. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, 1987

Links

Zarys historii wojennej Tatarskiego Pułku Ułanów imienia pułkownika Mustafy Achmatowicza, book by Vali bey Yadigarov