Valentina Gorinevskaya (russian: Валентина Гориневская; 1882 – 1953), was a military
surgeon
In modern medicine, a surgeon is a medical professional who performs surgery. Although there are different traditions in different times and places, a modern surgeon usually is also a licensed physician or received the same medical training as ...
and
trauma
Trauma most often refers to:
*Major trauma, in physical medicine, severe physical injury caused by an external source
*Psychological trauma, a type of damage to the psyche that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event
*Traumatic inju ...
specialist.
Life
Valentina Valentinovna Gorinevskaya was born in 1882 and graduated from the
St Petersburg Medical Institute for Women in 1908. She worked in the surgical clinic of Peter and Paul Hospital from 1908 to 1914. When World War I began in 1914, Gorinevskaya became the first woman to become a senior surgeon in a military hospital of the
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...
(russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия). "There was little fighting on the Allied eastern front in 1917,
[Cournand, pp. 164-174] but nevertheless, hundreds of casualties had accumulated by this time in military hospitals".
[Sourkes, p. 1] After the war, she became a professor of general surgery at
Samara University in 1919 before moving to
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, where she was the head of the surgical department at the Obukh Institute. Then she became a surgeon at the Traumatological Department of the Institute of Therapy and Prosthetics professor of surgery at the Central Institute of Postgraduate Medical Training. Gorinevskaya joined the
Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
(russian: link=no, Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА) and served as the chair of field surgery in 1931–1939 and chief surgeon during the
Khalkhin Gol Campaign of 1939. She served as a senior inspector of the Main Military Medical Board during World War II and died in 1953.
Work
"Gorinevskaya was one of the first Soviet surgeons to introduce the primary surgical study of wounds from industrial accidents. She pioneered
traumatology
In medicine, traumatology (from Greek ''trauma'', meaning injury or wound) is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage. Traumatology is a branch of medicine. I ...
as a separate branch of surgery and devised treatment in hospitals for lightly wounded soldiers. She published at least ninety books and articles, including books on traumatology, first aid, and comprehensive surgical treatment."
[Ogilvie & Harvey, p. 1054] While, "Unable to serve in the military or as government physicians were willing to endure the difficult conditions and thus found a niche for themselves as young physicians."
[Denbeste-Barnett, pp.163]
See also
Fozil Amirov
Fozil Fayzrahmonovich Amirov (1914–1979) was an Uzbek Soviet scientist, medical doctor, surgeon, and an expert in topographical anatomy. He held the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences (1960) and Professor (1961). He was an Honored Scientist o ...
Notes
References
* Cournand A, Motley HL, Werko L, Richards DW. Physiological studies of the effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing on cardiac output in man. ''Am J Physiol'' 1948; 125: 164–174.
* DenBeste-Barnett, Michelle D. ''Earnestly Working to Improve Russia’s Future : Russian Women Physicians 1867-1905''. 1997. ''EBSCOhost''
*
Ogilvie, Marilyn &
Harvey, Joy, eds. (2000). ''The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the mid-20th Century''. 1: A-K. New York, NY: Routledge. .
* Sourkes, T. L., and S. R. Sourkes. “Medical Demobilization in Wartime Russia, 1917 to 1918.” ''American Journal of Cardiology'', vol. 68, no. 6, 1991, p. 1. ''EBSCOhost''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorinevskaya, Valentina
1882 births
1953 deaths
Soviet surgeons
Women surgeons
20th-century surgeons
Surgeons from the Russian Empire
Soviet military doctors
Soviet women physicians
Women in the Russian and Soviet military