A V10 engine is a ten-
cylinder piston engine where two banks of five cylinders are arranged in a
V configuration around a common
crankshaft. V10 engines are much less common than
V8 and
V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve- cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.
The ...
s. Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1991 with the release of the
Dodge Viper.
Design
The V10 configuration does not have perfect
engine balance, since an unbalanced
rocking couple Rocking may refer to:
*Rocking chair
*Uprock, the street dance known as "Rocking"
Music
Albums
*Rockin' (The Guess Who album)
*Rockin' (Frankie Laine album) 1957
Songs
*"Hajej, nynjej" Czech children's carol, recorded as "Rocking" by Julie Andre ...
is caused by each
cylinder bank functioning as a
straight-five engine. Therefore,
balance shafts are sometimes used to reduce the vibrations in a V10 engine.
Diesel engines
One of the first known V10 engines was used in the 1936 ''Busch-Sulzer ICRR 9201'' prototype locomotive, of which three examples were produced in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...
.
The 1965–1984
Leopard 1 armored tank was powered by the ''MTU MB 838 CaM 500'' V10 diesel engine.
Daimler-Benz produced three V10 diesel engine models (OM403, OM423 and OM443) for
Mercedes-Benz NG and
Neoplan buses in 1970s–1980s.
Four Japanese commercial vehicle manufacturers (
Isuzu,
Hino
Hino may refer to:
Places Estonia
* Hino, Põlva County
* Hino, Võru County
** Lake Hino
Japan
* Hino, Shiga
* Hino, Tokyo
* Hino, Tottori
** Hino District, Tottori
** Hino River
Transportation
* Hino Motors, a Japanese truck manufacturer o ...
,
Mitsubishi Fuso and
Nissan Diesel) produced V10 diesel engines for their heavy duty trucks and coaches in 1970s–2000s.
The 1983–present
Tatra 815 truck is available with a V10 engine.
The
Volkswagen V10 TDI is a turbocharged V10 engine which was produced from 2002 to 2010 for use in the ''
Volkswagen Phaeton'' luxury sedan and ''
Volkswagen Touareg'' SUV.
Petrol engines
Production vehicles
V10 engines are less common than V8 and V12 engines, a V12 is only slightly more complicated and runs more smoothly, while a V8 is less complex and more economical. Nevertheless, modern engineering has made it possible to use V10 engines for applications where a V8 would produce insufficient power and a V12 would be too complicated or bulky. V10s have been used in select luxury cars, sports cars and commercial vehicles.
An early V10 petrol engine was used in the 1987
Lamborghini P140, however this prototype sports car did not reach production.
Dodge was the first to develop a modern V10 engine, originally designing a version of its
LA series small block for use in trucks. The
Dodge engine saw its first production use in substantially revised form in the
Dodge Viper while the truck version of the engine was used starting in 1994 in the
Dodge Ram. It discontinued in that application after 2003. However, 2003 also saw the introduction of the
Dodge Ram SRT-10
The Dodge Ram SRT-10 is a sport pickup truck that was produced by American automaker Dodge in limited numbers. It was introduced at the January 2002 North American International Auto Show, but was not put into production until 2004.
Development
...
, a performance model meant to rival Ford's successful V8 powered
F-150 SVT Lightning. The
Viper engine (a 90-degree engine with odd firing order to obviate the need for a balance shaft) was improved during its production run, and produced as much as in a standard state of tune from an 8.4 L version. The Viper engine was also used by
Bristol
Bristol () is a city, ceremonial county and unitary authority in England. Situated on the River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. Bristol is the most populous city i ...
in the two-seat
Fighter coupe, and in other low-volume vehicles.
Ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of their
Triton engine to replace the
460 big block in truck applications. It was introduced in the
E-Series/Econoline full-size
van
A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and bigger than a common car. There is some varying in the scope of the word across th ...
, and also saw duty in the
F-Series Super Duty line and the
Ford Excursion SUV, and was offered by Ford through the 2019 model year.
For the
Lexus LFA, the engineers selected a V10 engine over an equivalent displacement V8 because they could not get the V8 rev as high as V10,
and over a V12 for its lower reciprocating mass,
[ allowing for more rapid engine response.
]Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...
an marques were slower to adopt the V10 configuration. However, high-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars from Lamborghini and Porsche. BMW and Audi
Audi AG () is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. As a subsidiary of its parent company, the Volkswagen Group, Audi produces vehicles in nine production facilities worldwide.
The o ...
developed V10s for high performance cars such as ( BMW M5, BMW M6, Audi S6, Audi RS6, Audi S8), mostly based upon their executive cars. Volkswagen also developed a V10, but as a turbo-diesel. A variant of the Volkswagen Phaeton was the first production sedan to contain a V10 of any kind.
Examples of petrol V10 production engines include:
* 1991–2017 Dodge Viper engine
* 1994–2003 Chrysler Magnum V10
* 1997–2021 Ford Triton engine
* 2003–present Lamborghini V10
* 2003–2007 Porsche V10 engine
The Porsche V10 engine is a naturally-aspirated, V-10, internal combustion piston engine, designed and developed by Porsche, originally as a concept design for Formula One motor racing in the 1990s, and later Le Mans racing, but eventually used ...
* 2005–2010 BMW S85
* 2006–present Audi V10 FSI
* 2008–2010 Audi V10 TFSI
* 2009–2012 Toyota 1LR-GUE
Motor racing
One of the first known V10 engines designed for motor racing was a prototype Formula One
Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship ...
engine built by Alfa Romeo in 1986. Originally intended for the Ligier Formula One team, this partnership collapsed without the engine being used in any races. Alfa Romeo fitted the engine to two Alfa Romeo 164 Pro Car prototypes in 1998, however these cars also did not compete in any races.
The most widespread use of V10 racing engines has been in Formula One. Following a ban on turbocharged engines after 1988, the first V10 Formula One cars were the 1989 McLaren MP4/5 and Williams FW12. V10 engines were used by the majority of teams by the 1996 season, following reduction in displacement from . The V10 seemed the best compromise between the lower weight of a V8 and the higher power of a V12. Renault F1 used a flatter 110° angle in 2002 and 2003, but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. In a further change to the rules, V10s were banned for the 2006 season onwards in favor of 2.4 L V8s.
In sports car racing, the first V10 engine was used by the Peugeot 905 in the two final races of the 1990 season. This was followed by the Judd GV10 engine being used by several teams during the 1991 season and the Toyota TS010 that debuted in the last race of the season. The Audi R15 TDI was a Le Mans Prototype (LMP) racing car that used a turbocharged diesel V10 engine and competed in various endurance races in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Audi R15 TDI set the current distance record for the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
Commercial vehicle use
Until early 2021, Blue Bird Corporation offered its Vision school bus with two V10 engine options, both Ford Triton units.
See also
* Flat-ten engine
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:V10 Engine
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