Vsevolod Mavrikievich Klechkovsky (russian: Все́волод Маври́киевич Клечко́вский; also transliterated as Klechkovskii and Klechkowski; November 28, 1900 – May 2, 1972) was a Soviet and Russian

agricultural Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating Plant, plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of Sedentism, sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of Domestication, domesticated species created food ...

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...

known for his work with

radioisotopes A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferr ...

Biography

He graduated in 1929 from the Moscow agricultural academy and worked there from 1930. He became a professor in 1955, and an academician of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union (known as

VASKhNIL VASKhNIL (), the acronym for the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences or the V.I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (), was the Soviet Union's academy dedicated to agricultural sciences, operating from 1929 to the dissolution of th ...

) in 1956. His use of

isotopic labeling Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope (an atom with a detectable variation in neutron count) through a reaction, metabolic pathway, or cell. The reactant is 'labeled' by replacing specific ...

in the advance of

soil chemistry Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1850s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, ...

led to his being considered a founder of agricultural radiology. He was one of the first to study plant nutrition using radioisotopes, for which he received the

Stalin Prize Stalin Prize may refer to: * The State Stalin Prize in science and engineering and in arts, awarded 1941 to 1954, later known as the USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, ...

in 1952 along with his academy co-workers. He studied the behavior of heavy nuclei daughter isotopes in soils. Following the 1957

Kyshtym disaster The Kyshtym disaster, sometimes referred to as the Mayak disaster or Ozyorsk disaster in newer sources, was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak, a plutonium production site for nuclear weapons and nu ...

, Klechkovsky led the research projects studying the long-term effects of radioactive contamination at the site. Klechkovsky also studied theoretical chemistry, and proposed a theoretical justification of the empirical

Madelung rule The aufbau principle , from the German ''Aufbauprinzip'' (building-up principle), also called the aufbau rule, states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill Electron shell#Subshells, subshells of the lowest available energy, t ...

for the ordering of atomic orbital energies. This rule is therefore sometimes called Klechkovsky's rule, especially in Russian and in French sources.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Klechkovsky, V.M. 1900 births 1972 deaths 20th-century Russian chemists Scientists from Moscow Academicians of the VASKhNIL Stalin Prize winners Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour People involved with the periodic table Russian chemists Soviet chemists