Ustyansky District (russian: Устьянский райо́н) is an administrative district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
twenty-one in
Arkhangelsk Oblast,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
.
[Law #65-5-OZ] As a
municipal division, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District.
[Law #258-vneoch.-OZ] It is located in the south of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Verkhnetoyemsky District
Verkhnetoyemsky District (russian: Верхнето́емский райо́н) is an administrative district ( raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Municipally, it is incorporated as Verkhnetoyemsky Municipal ...
in the northeast,
Krasnoborsky and
Kotlassky District
Kotlassky District (russian: Ко́тласский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kotlassky Municipal District. ...
s in the east,
Velikoustyugsky,
Nyuksensky,
Tarnogsky, and
Verkhovazhsky District
Verkhovazhsky District (russian: Верхова́жский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1110-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and bor ...
s, all of
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast ( rus, Вологодская область, p=vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Vologodskaya oblast, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The Oblast has a population of 1,202,44 ...
, in the south,
Velsky District
Velsky District (russian: Ве́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Velsky Municipal District.Law #258-v ...
in the west, and with
Shenkursky District
Shenkursky District (russian: Ше́нкурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Shenkursky Municipal Distri ...
in the northwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
urban locality (an
urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
) of
Oktyabrsky.
Population: The population of Oktyabrsky accounts for 30.4% of the district's total population.
Etymology
The name of the district originates from the
Ustya River
The Ustya (russian: Устья) is a river in Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Ustyansky, and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. A very short portion of the river also forms the boundary between Kotlassky District and Velikoustyuzhsky Di ...
.
Geography
The district is located on the left bank of the
Northern Dvina River
The Northern Dvina (russian: Се́верная Двина́, ; kv, Вы́нва / Výnva) is a river in northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River ...
. Most of the district's territory belongs to the
basin of the
Ustya River
The Ustya (russian: Устья) is a river in Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Ustyansky, and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. A very short portion of the river also forms the boundary between Kotlassky District and Velikoustyuzhsky Di ...
and its
tributaries
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainag ...
. The main tributaries of the Ustya are the
Kizema (left), the
Obil (right), and the
Kokshenga (left).
Minor parts of the district in the east and in the north belong to the basins of some of the tributaries of the
Northern Dvina
The Northern Dvina (russian: Се́верная Двина́, ; kv, Вы́нва / Výnva) is a river in northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River ...
, such as the
Yumizh and the
Ludonga, and drain to the northeast.
Most of the district is covered by coniferous forests (
taiga
Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruc ...
).
History
The area was populated by speakers of
Uralic languages
The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian (w ...
and then colonized by the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of mod ...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow. Historically, it was a part of
Vazhsky Uyezd
Vazhsky (russian: Важский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kitskoye Rural Settlement of Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 423 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.
Geography
Vazhsky is located on the ...
, a vast area including almost all of the basin of the
Vaga River
The Vaga (russian: Вага) is a river in Totemsky, Syamzhensky, and Verkhovazhsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Velsky, Shenkursky, and Vinogradovsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left and the biggest tributary of ...
. In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great, the area was included into
Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty (russian: Волого́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda ...
. Vazhsky Uyezd was split, and the area of the current Ustyansky District became a part of the newly established
Velsky Uyezd
Velsky Uyezd () was one of the subdivisions of the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Velsk.
Demographics
At the time of the Russian Empire Census
T ...
. In 1796, Velsky Uyezd was transferred to
Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate (russian: link=no, Вологодская губерния, ''Vologodskaya guberniya'', ''Government of Vologda'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed fr ...
and remained there until 1929, when several governorates were merged into
Northern Krai
Northern Krai (russian: Северный край, ''Severny Krai'') was a ''krai'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. ...
. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Velsky Uyezd was split into
Velsky,
Verkhovazhsky, and Ustyansky Districts. The administrative center of Ustyansky district became the ''
selo'' of
Shangaly. Ustyansky District became a part of
Nyandoma Okrug
Nyandoma (russian: Ня́ндома) is a town and the administrative center of Nyandomsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
Nyandoma was founded in ...
of Northern Krai.
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into
Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Ustyansky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
On September 26, 1975, the administrative center of the district was transferred from Shangaly to Oktyabrsky, but it took some time before all of the district services were moved.
From 1924 to 1959,
Cherevkovsky District existed, with the administrative center in the ''selo'' of
Cherevkovo Cherevkovo (russian: Черевково) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Cherevkovo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a '' selo'' in Cherevkovsky Selsoviet of Krasnoborsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Cherevkovo, Pskov Oblast, a villag ...
, initially in
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate (russian: Северо-Двинская губерния, ''Severo-Dvinskaya guberniya'') was a governorate ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city ...
. On September 11, 1959, the district was abolished and split between
Krasnoborsky,
Verkhnetoyemsky, and Ustyansky Districts; the administrative center Cherevkovo became a part of Krasnoborsky District.
Divisions
Administrative divisions
As an
administrative division
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
, the district is divided into seventeen
selsoviets and one
urban-type settlement with jurisdictional territory (
Oktyabrsky).
Three localities which previously had
urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
status were downgraded to rural status. These are
Ileza (downgraded in 2004),
Kizema (2005), and
Loyga (2005).
The following selsoviets have been established (the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
s are given in parentheses):
*Bereznitsky (Bereznik);
*Bestuzhevsky (Bestuzhevo);
*Chadromsky (Chadroma);
*Cherenovsky (Kadyyevskaya);
*Dmitriyevsky (Alfyorovskaya);
*Ilezsky (Ileza);
*Kizemsky (Kizema);
*Likhachyovsky (Mirny);
*Loyginsky (Loyga);
*Malodorsky (Malodory);
*Minsky (Filinskaya);
*Orlovsky (Dubrovskaya);
*Rostovsky (Ulyanovskaya);
*Plossky (Levoplosskaya);
*Shangalsky (Shangaly);
*Sinitsky (Sinniki);
*Stroyevskoy (Stroyevskoye).
Municipal divisions
As a
municipal division, the district is divided into one urban settlement and fifteen rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):
*Oktyabrskoye Urban Settlement (
Oktyabrsky);
*
Bereznitskoye Rural Settlement (Bereznik);
*
Bestuzhevskoye Rural Settlement (Bestuzhevo);
*
Cherenovskoye Rural Settlement (Kadyevskaya);
*
Dmitriyevskoye Rural Settlement (Alfyorovskaya);
*
Ilezskoye Rural Settlement (Ileza);
*
Kizemskoye Rural Settlement (Kizema);
*
Likhachyovskoye Rural Settlement (Mirny);
*
Loyginskoye Rural Settlement (Loyga);
*
Malodorskoye Rural Settlement (Malodory);
*
Orlovskoye Rural Settlement (Dubrovskaya);
*
Plosskoye Rural Settlement (Levoplosskaya);
*
Rostovsko-Minskoye Rural Settlement (Ulyanovskaya);
*
Shangalskoye Rural Settlement (Shangaly);
*
Sinitskoye Rural Settlement (Kidyuga);
*
Stroyevskoye Rural Settlement (Stroyevskoye).
Economy
Industry
The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry. The Ustya River was used for
timber rafting
Timber rafting is a method of transporting felled tree trunks by tying them together to make rafts, which are then drifted or pulled downriver, or across a lake or other body of water. It is arguably, after log driving, the second cheapest mean ...
until the 1990s.
Agriculture
Ustyansky District is marketed as a regional center of
beekeeping, and Oktyabrsky holds a yearly honey festival ''Medovy Spas''.
Transportation
Paved roads connect Oktyabrsky with
Velsk
Velsk (russian: Вельск) is a town and the administrative center of Velsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vel River at its confluence with the Vaga River, south of Arkhangelsk, the administrative ce ...
in the west and with
Totma
Totma (russian: То́тьма) is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga, northeast of Vologda, the administr ...
and
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug (russian: Вели́кий У́стюг) is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 31,665.
Velik ...
via
Tarnogsky Gorodok
Tarnogsky Gorodok (russian: Та́рногский Городо́к) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Tarnogsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kokshenga River, at its conflue ...
in the south. There are also local roads in the district; one of which connects Oktyabrsky with the ''selo'' of
Bestuzhevo in the north of the district.
A section of the railroad connecting
Konosha
Konosha (russian: Коноша) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Konoshsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Konosha River, south of Arkhangelsk. It also serves as the administr ...
and
Kotlas
Kotlas (russian: Ко́тлас) is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population:
Kotlas is the third largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of population (after A ...
, which eventually continues to
Vorkuta
Vorkuta (russian: Воркута́; kv, Вӧркута, ''Vörkuta''; Nenets for "the abundance of bears", "bear corner") is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin ...
, lies in the district. The principal station in the limits of the district is Kostylevo, several kilometers from Oktyabrsky.
Culture and recreation
The district previously had one object classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law. This is the wooden Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (18th century) in the ''selo'' of
Bestuzhevo, which was neglected and eventually burned down in 1994. Additionally, eleven architectural monuments and ten archaeological monuments have been designated as cultural heritage monuments of local importance.
The only museum in the district is the Ustyansky District Museum, which was opened in 1984 in Shangaly and moved to Oktyabrsky in 1987.
Notable people
Notable people born in the district include the participants of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
Roza Shanina
Roza Georgiyevna Shanina (russian: link=no, Ро́за Гео́ргиевна Ша́нина, ; 3 April 1924 – 28 January 1945) was a Soviet sniper during World War II who was credited with 59 confirmed kills, including twelve sol ...
and
Aleksandr Yedemsky.
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012
Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast
States and territories established in 1929
1929 establishments in the Soviet Union