''Uromycladium'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

rust fungi Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently a ...

in the family

Pileolariaceae The Pileolariaceae are a family of rust fungi in the order Pucciniales. A 2008 estimate places contains 4 genera and 34 species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a un ...

. It was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

by mycologist

Daniel McAlpine Daniel McAlpine (21 January 1849 – 12 October 1932) was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology. He wrote several publications on plant disease in many crops and other plants. McAlpine was a lecturer in ...

in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was established by McAlpine for rusts on ''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australasia. The genus na ...

'' (

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

, subfamily

Mimosoideae The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petals ...

) with

teliospore Teliospore (sometimes called teleutospore) is the thick-walled resting spore of some fungi ( rusts and smuts), from which the basidium arises. Development They develop in '' telia'' (sing. ''telium'' or ''teliosorus''). The telial host is the p ...

s that clustered at the top of a pedicel.Doungsa-ard, C., McTaggart, A.R., Geering, A.D.W., Dalisay, T.U., Ray, J. Shivas, R.G. 2015. ''Uromycladium falcatarium'' sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on ''Paraserianthes falcataria'' in south-east Asia. Australasian Plant Pathol. 44: 25–30. DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z The genus contains at least 11 species. Some of these species infect plants in the family

including ''

'', ''

Paraserianthes ''Paraserianthes'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Taxonomy ''Paraserianthes'' includes only one species: * ''Paraserianthes lophantha'' (Willd.) I.C.Nie ...

'' and ''

Falcataria ''Falcataria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the monophyletic Mimosoideae, Mimosoid clade in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus has three species previously classified in the ''Falcataria'' section of ...

''. Most species are considered to be specific to only one

host A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places * Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County People *Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman * Michel Host ...

species of plant, such as ''

Uromycladium simplex ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establishe ...

'' on ''

Acacia pycnantha ''Acacia pycnantha'', most commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to southeastern Australia. It grows to a height of and has phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks) instead of true leaves. Sickle-shaped, these ...

''McAlpine, Daniel (1906). The rusts of Australia their structure, nature and classification. Department of Agriculture (Victoria). pp. 110–12. and '' Uromycladium falcatarium'' on ''

Falcataria moluccana ''Falcataria falcata'' (syns. ''Albizia falcata'', ''Falcataria moluccana'' and ''Paraserianthes falcataria''), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the Maluku Islands, ...

''. ''

Uromycladium tepperianum ''Uromycladium tepperianum'' is a rust fungus that infects over 100 species of ''Acacia'' and related genera including ''Paraserianthes'' in Australia, south-east Asia, the south Pacific and New Zealand.Morris, M.J. (1987). Biology of the ''Acac ...

'', on the other hand, has almost 100 known hosts including plants from several

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

. However, research suggests that this species may comprise several unrecognized taxa with narrower host ranges.

Species

Species include: *'' Uromycladium acaciae'' (Cooke) P.Syd. & Syd., 1914. *'' Uromycladium alpinum'' McAlpine, 1906. *''

Uromycladium bisporum ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establishe ...

'' McAlpine, 1906. *''

Uromycladium cubense ''Uromycladium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905.McAlpine, D. 1905. A new genus of Uredineae — ''Uromycladium''. Ann Mycol 3(4):303–322 The genus was establishe ...

'' Arthur & J.R.Johnst., 1918. *'' Uromycladium falcatarium'' Doungsa-ard, et al., 2015. Present in

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, and

Timor Leste East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-wester ...

*'' Uromycladium fusisporum'' (Cooke & Massee) Savile, 1971. Present in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

*'' Uromycladium maritimum'' McAlpine, 1905. *'' Uromycladium naracoortensis'' *'' Uromycladium notabile'' (F.Ludw.) McAlpine, 1906. Present in

*'' Uromycladium robinsonii'' McAlpine, 1906. Present in Australia *''

'' McAlpine, 1905. Present in Australia *''

'' (Sacc.) McAlpine, 1905. Present in

. Introduced to

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

Ecology

The rust fungi in the genus ''Uromycladium'' typically form enlarged

gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to be ...

s at the end of actively growing plant tissues. These galls can be a significant disease limiting the growth and survival of trees planted for commercial tree plantations and

agroforestry Agroforestry is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. Trees produce a wide range of useful and marketable products from fruits/nuts, medicines, wood products, etc. This intentional ...

. The acacia gall rust fungus species ''

'' has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control on the invasive Australian shrub ''

Acacia saligna ''Acacia saligna'', commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, orange wattle, blue-leafed wattle, Western Australian golden wattle, and, in Africa, Port Jackson willow, is a small tree in the family (biology), fami ...

''. The galls of ''

'' have been reported to be used by moths in the families

Gracillariidae Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, ''Cameraria ...

Tortricidae The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genu ...

Tineidae Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. ...

Pyralidae The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyrali ...

, and

Stathmopodidae Stathmopodidae is a family of moths in the moth superfamily Gelechioidea described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. Taxonomy and systematics *'' Actinoscelis'' Meyrick, 1912 *'' Aeoloscelis'' Meyrick, 1897 *'' Arauzona'' Walker, 865/small> *'' Atrijug ...

as food sources and

domatium A domatium (plural: domatia, from the Latin "domus", meaning home) is a tiny chamber that houses arthropods, produced by a plant. Ideally domatia differ from galls in that they are produced by the plant rather than being induced by their inhabi ...

for their larvae in Australia.New, T. R. 1982. Lepidoptera from ''Uromycladium'' galls on ''Acacia''. Australian Journal of Zoology 30(2): 357–364. Specifically in the family

the species ''

Polysoma eumetalla ''Polysoma eumetalla'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Australian states of Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria and from New Zealand. The wingspan is about 10 mm. Adults have a met ...

'' and ''

Conopomorpha heliopla ''Conopomorpha heliopla'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Australian states of Tasmania, Queensland and Western Australia. The larvae feed on ''Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a l ...

'' are found feeding on the surface of various species of acacia rust galls. ''

Erechthias mystacinella ''Erechthias mystacinella'', the curve-winged apple moth, is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in the Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania and Victoria. Description The wingspan is about 14 mm. The larvae have been found feedi ...

'' and ''

Opogona comptella ''Opogona comptella'' is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found from southern Queensland to Tasmania as well as in New Zealand. The wingspan is about 15 mm. The larvae feed on the bark of ''Salix vitellina'' and the galls of ''Acacia ...

'' moth larvae from the family

have been reported to live and feed on the inside of ''

'' galls.

References

External links

''Uromycladium'' on Encyclopedia of Life
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10711033 Basidiomycota genera Pucciniales Taxa named by Daniel McAlpine Taxa described in 1905