The 1880 United States elections occurred during the
Third Party System, and elected the members of the
47th United States Congress
The 47th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1881, ...
. Republicans retained the Presidency and took control of the House. An unclear partisan situation prevailed in the Senate. As the first presidential election after the end of
Reconstruction, this election saw the first occurrence of the Democratic Party sweeping the
Southern United States; the party would carry an
overwhelming majority of Southern states well into the 20th century.
In the Presidential election,
Republican Representative
James Garfield
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death six months latertwo months after he was shot by an assassin. A lawyer and Civil War gene ...
from
Ohio defeated
Democratic General
Winfield Hancock.
Though Garfield won a clear majority of electoral votes, he won the popular vote by the
smallest margin in history. Incumbent one-term Republican President
Rutherford B. Hayes declined to seek re-election. Garfield emerged as the dark horse Republican nominee following the
1880 Republican National Convention
The 1880 Republican National Convention convened from June 2 to June 8, 1880, at the Interstate Exposition Building in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Delegates nominated James A. Garfield of Ohio and Chester A. Arthur of New York as the offic ...
, prevailing on the 36th ballot over former President
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...
, Maine Senator
James G. Blaine
James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representative ...
, and Ohio Senator
John Sherman. Hancock took the nomination at the
1880 Democratic National Convention
The 1880 Democratic National Convention was held June 22 to 24, 1880, at the Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio, and nominated Winfield S. Hancock of Pennsylvania for president and William H. English of Indiana for vice president in the United Stat ...
on the second ballot, defeating Delaware Senator
Thomas F. Bayard
Thomas Francis Bayard (October 29, 1828 – September 28, 1898) was an American lawyer, politician and diplomat from Wilmington, Delaware. A Democratic Party (United States), Democrat, he served three terms as United States Senate, United States ...
and several other candidates. Garfield was the
first
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
sitting member of Congress to be elected president, and remains the only sitting member of the House to win a presidential election.
Republicans picked up several seats in the
House
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...
, taking a majority of the chamber for the first time since the
1874 elections.
In the
Senate
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
, Republicans made small gains at the expense of the Democrats, but neither party had a majority due to the presence of an independent Senator and a
Readjuster Senator.
The two parties ultimately agreed to share power.
See also
*
1880 United States presidential election
The 1880 United States presidential election was the 24th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1880, in which Republican nominee James A. Garfield defeated Winfield Scott Hancock of the Democratic Party. The voter tur ...
*
1880 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1880 United States House of Representatives elections, coincided with the 1880 presidential election which was won by James A. Garfield, who was a member of the House at the time.
Issues such as Civil War loyalties, tariffs, graft and corr ...
*
1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections
Year 188 (CLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Fuscianus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 941 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomi ...
References
1880
Events
January–March
* January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia.
* January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy.
* February †...
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