Petro Evstaf'evic Stojan (, also known by the pseudonyms Ribaulb, Radovich and Šulerc) (June 22, 1884 in

Izmail Izmail (, ; ; , or ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality on the Danube river in Odesa Oblast in south-western Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Izmail Raion, one of seven distr ...

Bessarabia Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...

— May 3, 1961 in

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

esperantist An Esperantist () is a person who speaks, reads or writes Esperanto. According to the Declaration of Boulogne, a document agreed upon at the first World Esperanto Congress in 1905, an Esperantist is someone who speaks Esperanto and uses it for ...

, bibliographer and lexicographer and a member of the Esperanto Language Committee (''Lingva Komitato'') from 1914.

Life and work

Stojan studied physics and mathematics at the Richelieu Lyceum (today's

Odesa University The Odesa I.I.Mechnykov National University (), often referred to as Odesa National University ( ONU, ), located in Odesa, Ukraine, is one of that country's major state-sponsored universities, named after the scientist Élie Metchnikoff (1845- ...

) in

Odesa Odesa, also spelled Odessa, is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern ...

and in

Sankt Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,9 ...

and from 1906 to 1907 in Paris. From 1919 to 1922, he was a high school teacher in

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

. From 1925, he worked at the

Universal Esperanto Association The Universal Esperanto Association (, UEA), also known as the World Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5,501 individual members in 121 countries and 9,215 through national associations (i ...

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

at its biggest work, the ''Bibliography of the International Language'' (''Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo'') which was published in 1929. He spent the end of his life in

Southern France Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as , is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', Atlas e ...

where he died of drowning.

Esperantist engagement

He joined the Esperanto movement in 1903. According to the '' Encyclopedia of Esperanto'' of 1933, "he was one of the most competent regarding the dictionary technique." Over sixteen years, he worked on twelve dictionaries; among them are the great Russian dictionary of the Imperial Academy. His other well-known dictionaries are the ''Ornithological Eight-language Dictionary'' (1911) and the ''Small Russian-Esperanto dictionary and the Illustrated Dictionary of the

Russian Language Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is ...

'' (760 pages and 2000 pictures). In 1929, his ''Bibliography of the International Language'' (''Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo'') was published. In 1913, he proposed the creation of the ''Universal Card Encyclopedia'' (''Universala Slipa Enciklopedio, USE'') which, according to his idea, could be updated by adding cards for each subject. He also wrote a great number of scientific articles and original literature in

Esperanto Esperanto (, ) is the world's most widely spoken Constructed language, constructed international auxiliary language. Created by L. L. Zamenhof in 1887 to be 'the International Language' (), it is intended to be a universal second language for ...

Vindiania and Biosophy

In France he worked on ''La Vindiania'', a thesis on the origin of the

Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

and on a complete philosophy of life, which he named biosophy (in

- ''Biozofio''). However, his works remained in the manuscript form and circulated among his friends, and only one book was actually published in 1946 in

Arras Arras ( , ; ; historical ) is the prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; before the reorganization of 2014 it was in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The historic centre of the Artois region, with a ...

Constructed languages

Stojan created a number of

international auxiliary languages An international auxiliary language (sometimes acronymized as IAL or contracted as auxlang) is a language meant for communication between people from different nations, who do not share a common first language. An auxiliary language is primarily a ...

, most of which were never published: *Amiana (an evolved form of Ariana, first presented in 1919 and its final version appeared in 1922) *Ariana or Aryana (1912, an

esperantido An Esperantido (plural Esperantidoj) is a constructed language derived from Esperanto. ''Esperantido'' originally referred to the language which is now known as Ido. The word ''Esperantido'' contains the affix (''-ido''), which means a "child (' ...

whose vocabulary was based on Pre-Indo-European (

Aryan ''Aryan'' (), or ''Arya'' (borrowed from Sanskrit ''ārya''), Oxford English Dictionary Online 2024, s.v. ''Aryan'' (adj. & n.); ''Arya'' (n.)''.'' is a term originating from the ethno-cultural self-designation of the Indo-Iranians. It stood ...

)

radicals Radical (from Latin: ', root) may refer to: Politics and ideology Politics *Classical radicalism, the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and Latin America in the 19th century *Radical politics ...

; pre-form of Amiana) *Eo (an esperantido with very short radicals, proposed in 1926 under the pseudonym Ribaulb) *Espo (1926, a pra-form of Eo created under the pseudonym Ribaulb, which does not use the Esperanto correlatives but a naturalistic system of Ido; unpublished) *Idido *Liana *Linga franka *Renova *Spiranta *Uniala (1923, with P. J. Troost) *Unita *an unnamed

Pan-Slavic language A pan-Slavic language is a zonal auxiliary language for communication among the Slavs, Slavic peoples. There are approximately 400 million speakers of the Slavic languages. In order to communicate with each other, speakers of different Slavic lan ...

(1913–16, with D. Chupovsky)E.K. Drezen, ''За всеобщим языком (Три века исканий)''. М.—Л., 1928, p. 218 He possibly created these projects as

fictional languages Fictional languages are the subset of constructed languages (conlangs) that have been created as part of a fictional setting (e.g. for use in a book, movie, television show, or video game). Typically they are the creation of one individual, while ...

, simply for his amusement; but in his time, the concept did not exist.

Works

*Puti k istine (Vojoj al vero, 1908 - du ĉapitroj pri artefaritaj lingvoj) *Ornitologia vortaro oklingva de birdoj Eŭropaj (1911) *Materialoj pri la Fundamento (1912, en „Oficiala Gazeto“ n-ro 41) *Internacia transskribo de propraj nomoj (1913) *Karmannyj russko-Esperanto slovarik (Poŝa rusa-Esperanto vortareto, 1912) *Neobxodymyja svedenija ob esp. (Necesaj scioj pri Esperanto, 1912 - kune kun Nežinskij) *Dopolnenie k esp. russkomu slovarju (Addendum to Esperanto-Russian Dictionary, 1913) *Slavjanstvo i Esperanto (Slavaro kaj Esperanto, 1914) *Esperanto pered sudom profesora (Esperanto in front of a teachers'tribunal, 1914) *Jazykoznanie i Esperanto (Lingvistiko kaj Esperanto, 1914) *Vojagxaj notoj (1915–1916, in „La Ondo de Esperanto“) *Lingvaj studoj (1920–1926, in „Esperanto“) *Cent libroj esperantaj (1923) *Pri la evoluo de Esperanto (1925, „Progreso“, Prago) *Principoj de Esperanto (1926, en „Kataluna Esperantisto“) *Historio de Esperanto, kritikaj notoj (Progreso, Prago, 1926 - sub „Ribaulb“) *Enkonduko al la fonetiko (1926, en „Esperanto“) *Katalogo de lingvoj naturaj, popolaj, literaturaj, klasikaj & artefaritaj (1927) *Esperantismo, kongresoj, pioniroj, literaturo, versfarado, fakvortaro, gazetaro (1927, en jarlibro de UEA) *Rememorajxoj pri la unuaj tempoj de Esp. (Progreso, Prago, 1927) *Nia literaturo, versfarado, fakvortaro, gazetaro (1927, en jarlibro de UEA) *Kiel farigxis nia movado (1928, en jarlibro de UEA) *Deveno kaj vivo de la lingvo Esperanto (1929) *Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo (1929) *Vindiana berceau de nos aïeuxx" (Vindiano lulilo de niaj prapatroj, 1946) *Al geozofio per abicelo (1954) *Vindoj kaj dagoj (1991 - posthumous)

Translations

*Abusgus, M.: Kraljevicx Marko (1897) *Jiddu Kishnamurti: Sperto kaj konduto (1932)

Literature

* Golden, Bernard (1981). Petro Stojan: Malesperantisto. In: Literatura Foiro 12a jaro 1981, n-ro 70 (Dec.), p. 13-17 * Golden, Bernard (1982). La plumnomoj de Petro Stojan. In: Dia Regno 1982:1-2 (Jan.-Feb.), p. 2384 * Golden, Bernard (1986). Bibliografiaj donitaĵoj rilate verkojn pri Petro Stojan. In: Informilo por Interlingvistoj 1986:11, p. 1-4

Notes

External links

Books
by and about Petro Stojan o

Articles
by and about Petro Stojan {{DEFAULTSORT:Stojan, Petro 1884 births 1961 deaths Russian Esperantists Esperanto lexicographers Constructed language creators Writers from Odesa 20th-century Russian linguists Ukrainian emigrants to France 20th-century lexicographers