''Uncle Dysfunktional'' is the fifth studio album by English
rock
Rock most often refers to:
* Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids
* Rock music, a genre of popular music
Rock or Rocks may also refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
band
Happy Mondays
Happy Mondays are an English rock band formed in Salford in 1980. The original line-up was Shaun Ryder (vocals), his brother Paul Ryder (bass), Gary Whelan (drums), Paul Davis (keyboard), and Mark Day (guitar). Mark "Bez" Berry later joine ...
. It was released by
Sequel Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is as of 2013 a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest m ...
on 2 July 2007. After the band reunited in 2004, they toured into 2005; by 2006, a new album was recorded with producer Sunny Levine. Initial sessions were held at The Studiosound in Rochdale and Make It Nice Studio in Leicester with
Dave Parkinson, before moving to Moolah Rogue Studios in Stockport with Levine. ''Uncle Dysfunktional'' is an
record, with influences from
country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...
and
hip hop.
''Uncle Dysfunktional'' received generally mixed reviews from
music critics
Music journalism (or music criticism) is media criticism and reporting about music topics, including popular music, classical music, and traditional music. Journalists began writing about music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on w ...
, some enjoyed it more than they expecting to, while others found it to be uninspired and lacking direction. Its release was preceded by an appearance at
Coachella Festival
The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (commonly called the Coachella Festival or simply Coachella) is an annual music and arts festival held at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, in the Coachella Valley in the Colorado Desert ...
in the United States, and a two-month tour of the United Kingdom. "Jellybean" was released as the
lead single
A lead single (also known as a debut single) is the first single to be released from a studio album by an artist or a band, usually before the album itself is released and also occasionally on the same day of the album's release date.
Release s ...
from the album on 16 July 2007. Another UK tour followed, which led into an excursion to mainland Europe towards the end of the year. During this, a remix of "Dysfunktional Uncle" was released as the album's second
single
Single may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Single (music), a song release
Songs
* "Single" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004
* "Single" (New Kids on the Block and Ne-Yo song), 2008
* "Single" (William Wei song), 2016
* "Single", by ...
on 29 October 2007.
Background and recording
Between 1987 and 1992, Happy Mondays released four studio albums – ''
Squirrel and G-Man...'' (1987), ''
Bummed
''Bummed'' is the second studio album by English rock band Happy Mondays, released in November 1988 on Factory Records. During 1987 and early 1988, the band discovered house music and the rave drug ecstasy. Factory producer Martin Hannett was s ...
'' (1988), ''
Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches
''Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches'' is the third studio album by English rock band Happy Mondays, released on 5 November 1990 by Factory Records. DJ Paul Oakenfold and collaborator Steve Osbourne were previously enlisted by the band for remixe ...
'' (1990) and ''
Yes Please!
''Yes Please!'' is the fourth studio album by British rock band Happy Mondays, released 22 September 1992 through Factory Records. Following the non-album single "Judge Fudge", Factory allotted the band a budget of £150,000 for their next alb ...
'' (1992) – through
Factory Records
Factory Records was a Manchester-based British independent record label founded in 1978 by Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus.
The label featured several important acts on its roster, including Joy Division, New Order, A Certain Ratio, the Duru ...
and
London Recordings
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1980 before becoming semi-independent. The London nam ...
. During this period, the band and
the Stone Roses
The Stone Roses were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1983. One of the pioneering groups of the Madchester movement in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the band's classic and most prominent lineup consisted of vocalist Ian Brown, ...
led the
Madchester
Madchester was a musical and cultural scene that developed in the English city of Manchester in the late 1980s, closely associated with the indie dance scene. Indie-dance (sometimes referred to as indie-rave) saw artists merging indie music ...
music scene; Happy Mondays mixed
house music,
soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, there is a belief that a soul is "the immaterial aspect or essence of a human being".
Etymology
The Modern English noun '' soul'' is derived from Old English ''sāwol, sāwel''. The earliest atte ...
guitar parts and 1960s
psychedelia
Psychedelia refers to the psychedelic subculture of the 1960s and the psychedelic experience. This includes psychedelic art, psychedelic music and style of dress during that era. This was primarily generated by people who used psychedelic ...
. Following the band's demise, frontman
Shaun Ryder
Shaun William George Ryder (born 23 August 1962) is an English singer/songwriter and poet. As lead singer of Happy Mondays, he was a leading figure in the Madchester cultural scene during the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1993, he formed Bla ...
and dancer
Bez formed
Black Grape
Black Grape are an English rock band, featuring former members of Happy Mondays and Ruthless Rap Assassins. Their musical style fuses funk and electronic rock with electronic programming and samples.
History Formation, first two albums and ...
, with whom they released ''
It's Great When You're Straight...Yeah'' (1995) and ''
Stupid Stupid Stupid'' (1997).
[ While touring in support of the latter, Black Grape broke up. Ryder decided to reform Happy Mondays in 1999, and toured throughout 2000.] Ryder released his debut solo album '' Amateur Night in the Big Top'' (2003) to little success. He reunited Happy Mondays again in 2004, though with a line-up of him, Bez and drummer Gary Whelan.[
Kavin Sandhu joined the band soon after; Ryder had met him while ]DJing
A disc jockey, more commonly abbreviated as DJ, is a person who plays recorded music for an audience. Types of DJs include radio DJs (who host programs on music radio stations), club DJs (who work at a nightclub or music festival), mobile ...
. The new line-up toured throughout 2005, and released the single "Playground Superstar" in 2006.[ Happy Mondays' managers Eliot Rashman and Stuart Worthington suggested they should make a new album with Sunny Levine, the grandson of ]Quincy Jones
Quincy Delight Jones Jr. (born March 14, 1933) is an American record producer, musician, songwriter, composer, arranger, and film and television producer. His career spans 70 years in the entertainment industry with a record of 80 Grammy Award n ...
and who they knew through Rashman. Legal issues, mostly stemming from former bassist Paul Ryder, prevented the band from recording a new album until mid-2006. The band's line-up by this point consisted of Ryder, Whelan, Bez, Sandhu, Mikey Shine, Julie Gordon and Dan Broad. Initial recordings and demos for the band's next album were recorded and engineered by Dave Parkinson at The Studiosound in Rochdale, and then at Make It Nice Studio in Leicester.[
Steve Fenton then digitally transferred and engineered the material at Calder Recordings in Cragg Vale. Levine produced and engineered the final recordings at Moolah Rogue Studios in Stockport, with assistance from Seadna McPhail.][ Sandhu and Whelan worked with Levine during the day time, while he worked with Ryder during night sessions. Ryder said Whelan often complained about the production of the songs with Levine. Ryder estimated that he spent one day per track coming up with lyrics for them; Levine liked the majority of the lyrics Ryder wrote, and would tell him if a line did not work. Ryder compared this to how he would work with producer ]Danny Saber
Danny Saber (born 1966) is a musician in Los Angeles. He is an audio engineer, record producer, and remixer as well. He is a former member of Black Grape and Agent Provocateur. He plays organ, and keyboards, and is a prominent Los Angeles DJ.
Sa ...
when he was in Black Grape. Sessions finished in August 2006, when Levine, Whelan and Broad prepared mixes; Howie B
Howard Bernstein (born 18 April 1963, Glasgow, Scotland), professionally known as Howie B, is a Scottish musician, producer and DJ who has worked with artists including: Björk, U2, Tricky, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Soul II Soul, Robbie ...
mixed the final recordings at Miloco Studios in Hoxton, with assistance from Ben Thackeray. Bernie Grundman then mastered the album at Bernie Grundman Mastering.[
]
Composition and lyrics
Musically, the sound of ''Uncle Dysfunktional'' has been described as ,[ with influences from ]country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...
and hip hop.[ Despite Ryder claiming he overcame a drug addiction, they remain a reoccurring topic throughout the songs.][ He said the album's overstatement was about being "middle-aged and becoming a boring old fart".] Ryder said Levine's connections allowed them to bring in outside musicians who he was friends with to contribute to the recordings, including his father Stewart Levine
Stewart Levine (born 1946) is an American record producer. He has worked with such artists as The Crusaders, Minnie Riperton, Lionel Richie, Simply Red, Hugh Masekela, Dr. John, Randy Crawford, B.B. King, Huey Lewis and the News, Patti LaBelle ...
, Ry Cooder and his son Joachim, Juliette Commagere
Juliette Commagere is a Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter who was formerly the lead singer and keytar player of the band Hello Stranger. In 2008 she began a solo career with the release of ''Queens Die Proudly''.
Commagere has also performe ...
of Hello Stranger, Paul Newsome of Proud Mary
"Proud Mary" is a song written by John Fogerty and first recorded by his band Creedence Clearwater Revival. It was released by Fantasy Records as a single from the band's second studio album, '' Bayou Country'', which was issued by the same ...
, multi-instrumentalist Robert Francis and singer Selema Masekela
Selema "Sal" Mabena Masekela (born August 28, 1971) is an American television host, sports commentator, actor and singer.
Life and career
Masekela was born in Los Angeles, the son of a Haitian mother and South African jazz musician Hugh Masekela. ...
.[
The opening track to ''Uncle Dysfunktional'', the psychedelic "Jellybean", sees Ryder detailing an obsession with transgenderism over a ]baggy
Baggy was a name given to a British alternative dance genre popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with many of the artists referred to as "baggy" being bands from the Madchester scene.
History
The genesis of indie-dance was the Balearic ...
drum pattern and synth stabs.[ "Angels and Whores" is centred around a ]sample
Sample or samples may refer to:
Base meaning
* Sample (statistics), a subset of a population – complete data set
* Sample (signal), a digital discrete sample of a continuous analog signal
* Sample (material), a specimen or small quantity of s ...
repeating "I'm a drug addicted alcoholic" and a wall of guitars.[ "Deviantz" featured vocals from rapper ]Mickey Avalon
Mickey Avalon (born Yeshe Perl; December 3, 1975) is an American rapper from Hollywood, California. His debut self-titled solo album was released Nov. 7, 2006 on Interscope/Shoot to Kill Records in association with MySpace Records. Frequent topi ...
, who was a friend of Levine's.[Ryder 2012, p. 388] "Cuntry Disco" features a pedal steel guitar while Ryder details the state of his sinuses
Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoid ...
.[ "Anti Warhole (On the Dancefloor)" is an ]electronic
Electronic may refer to:
*Electronics, the science of how to control electric energy in semiconductor
* ''Electronics'' (magazine), a defunct American trade journal
*Electronic storage, the storage of data using an electronic device
*Electronic co ...
Bhangra song, with samples of Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the Art movement, visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore th ...
and Commodore 64 noises.[ It was compared to Ryder's collaboration with Gorillaz, and "Lazyitis", the closer to Happy Mondays' second studio album '']Bummed
''Bummed'' is the second studio album by English rock band Happy Mondays, released in November 1988 on Factory Records. During 1987 and early 1988, the band discovered house music and the rave drug ecstasy. Factory producer Martin Hannett was s ...
'' (1989). " Rush Rush" is a cover of the Debbie Harry song of the same name; Happy Mondays' version touches on 1990s rave music.[ The closing track to ''Uncle Dysfunktional'', "Somebody Else's Weather", sees Ryder talk about the weather.
]
Release
On 26 March 2007, it was announced that Happy Mondays had signed to Sanctuary Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is as of 2013 a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest m ...
, and that their forthcoming album was scheduled for release in a few months' time. In April 2007, Happy Mondays appeared at the Coachella Festival
The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (commonly called the Coachella Festival or simply Coachella) is an annual music and arts festival held at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, in the Coachella Valley in the Colorado Desert ...
in the United States, marking their first visit to the country in 15 years. As Bez was denied a visa, he did not perform with the band. In May and June 2007, they embarked on a tour of the United Kingdom, concluding with a performance at the London Astoria
The London Astoria was a music venue at 157 Charing Cross Road, in London, England.
Originally a warehouse during the 1920s, the building became a cinema and ballroom. It was converted for use as a theatre in the 1970s. After further develop ...
. Happy Mondays were schueled to the US to perform at the In the City festival, which was run by Factory Records founder Tony Wilson
Anthony Howard Wilson (20 February 1950 – 10 August 2007) was a British record label owner, radio and television presenter, nightclub manager, impresario and a journalist for Granada Television, the BBC and Channel 4.
As a co-founder o ...
. However, due to visa issues, the band had to cancel their appearance. Between June and August 2007, the band played various festivals, including Electric Gardens, T on the Fringe and V, and a one-off show at The Ritz in Manchester.
''Uncle Dysfunktional'' was released on 2 July 2007 through Sanctuary-imprint Sequel Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is as of 2013 a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest m ...
. Ryder said he could have put the album out under the Black Grape name as it "would have saved us loads of legal hassles - but because it was Gaz and Bez it just was the appyMondays". Despite Factory Records having closed 15 years before, Wilson personally assigned ''Uncle Dysfunktional'' a FAC catalogue number, FAC-500. "Jellybean" was released as the lead single
A lead single (also known as a debut single) is the first single to be released from a studio album by an artist or a band, usually before the album itself is released and also occasionally on the same day of the album's release date.
Release s ...
from the album on 16 July 2007.[ In September and October 2007, they went on another UK tour, with support from ]the Sunshine Underground
The Sunshine Underground (often shortened to TSU) were an English alternative dance band based in Leeds, England. Their style developed from indie, alternative to electronic music, and they released four full-length albums; '' Raise the Ala ...
, which was followed by a trek to mainland Europe in November 2007. A music video
A music video is a video of variable duration, that integrates a music song or a music album with imagery that is produced for promotional or musical artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a music marketing device ...
was released for "Dysfunktional Uncle" on 22 October 2007. A version of the track, remixed by Eliot James
Eliot James is a British record producer, songwriter, musician, audio engineer and mixer, based at Eastcote Studios in West London, England.
Selected production credits include:
*Tor Miller "Midnight" EP
*Two Door Cinema Club ''Tourist History ...
was released the second single from the album on 29 October 2007. Happy Mondays closed out the year with a show at the G-Mex centre
Manchester Central Convention Complex (commonly known as Manchester Central or GMEX (Greater Manchester Exhibition Centre)) is an exhibition and conference centre converted from the former Manchester Central railway station in Manchester, Engl ...
on 13 December 2007. The band then performed at the Versus Cancer benefit gig on 23 February 2008, followed by an appearance at the Wakestock festival later in the year. A 2020 mix of the album was released in December 2020, with a re-ordered track listing, and the addition of bonus track "Petunia". This version was pressed on vinyl as part of the 2022 Record Store Day
Record Store Day is an annual event inaugurated in 2007 and held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". The day brings together fa ...
event.
Reception
''Uncle Dysfunktional'' was met with mixed reviews from music critics
Music journalism (or music criticism) is media criticism and reporting about music topics, including popular music, classical music, and traditional music. Journalists began writing about music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on w ...
. At Metacritic
Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of films, TV shows, music albums, video games and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc ...
, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average
In ordinary language, an average is a single number taken as representative of a list of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list (the arithmetic mean). For example, the average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7 ...
score of 57, based on eight reviews.[
Jim Butler of '']The Observer
''The Observer'' is a British newspaper published on Sundays. It is a sister paper to ''The Guardian'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', whose parent company Guardian Media Group Limited acquired it in 1993. First published in 1791, it is the ...
'' said Ryder's "lascivious drawl and surreal wordplay remain intact" as songs such as "Anti Warhole (On the Dancefloor)" and "Dr Dick" "prov that more than just goodwill currently propels Ryder's band of merry men".[ '']Ox-Fanzine
''Ox-Fanzine'' is a monthly punk zine from Solingen, Germany, founded in 1988. It is edited by Joachim Hiller and has had many contributors. Besides its focus on punk subculture, it also covers similar genres, reviews of comics, books and films, ...
'' reviewer Markus Kolodziej called the album "danceable", showcasing "limited Yeats">.B.Yeats-compatible ong Ong or ONG may refer to:
Arts and media
* Ong's Hat, a collaborative work of fiction
* “Ong Ong”, a song by Blur from the album The Magic Whip
Places
* Ong, Nebraska, US, city
* Ong's Hat, New Jersey, US, ghost town
* Ong River, Odisha, ...
titles" with the likes of "Angel and Whores" and "Rats with Wings".[ '' musicOMH'' contributor Claire Simpson referred to the album as a "huge amount of fun", serving as a "reminder that it's great that the Happy Mondays have never completely disappeared". She stressed that it is "unlikely .. toattract any new fans, but for the legions of loyal followers of Shaun and co, it will definitely satisfy."][ '' Stylus Magazine'' Nick Southall noted that the album's first two songs retread the band's older sound, while other parts of the album "attempt to come to grips with more contemporary forms, but it’s less than convincing". Though he found it to be "far better than expected," it paled in comparison to the band's other releases.][ Raymond Rotten of '']OOR
''OOR'' is the oldest currently published music magazine in the Netherlands. ''Oor'' is the Dutch word for ear. Until 1984 it was published as ''Muziekkrant Oor''.
History
The magazine was first published on 1 April 1971, being founded by Ba ...
'' said halfway through the album the quality of the material starts dripping, but by its conclusion it "stays upright. And that's probably the maximum we can expect from a ..reunion that lacks both the original bassist and guitarist".
Yahoo! Music
Yahoo! Music was a brand under which Yahoo! provided a variety of music services, including Internet radio, music videos, news, artist information, and original programming. Previously, users with Yahoo! accounts could gain access to hundreds o ...
's Niall O'Keeffe did not consider it a proper Happy Mondays album by virtue of excluding former members, such as guitarist Mark Day. He added that Ryder comes across as a "shadow of his former self", aside from the infrequent "strangely phrased lyrical gems".[ FOK! editor Rich wrote that despite only having three original members, Ryder, Bez and Whelan "managed to resuscitate the Happy Mondays in a dignified way with this album", though he could not "really call the music innovative".][ David M. Goldstein of ]Cokemachineglow
Cokemachineglow was a Canadian webzine dedicated mainly to music criticism, though it also featured articles about local music scenes. It was founded in 2002 and closed down permanently at the end of 2015. In 2006, it was described as one of "the ...
said it "plods with an aimlessness", with the exception of "Jellybean". He added that if the listener tackled the album as "as little more than an excuse for Shaun Ryder to head back out on the road, I guess it works fine".[ ]AllMusic
AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databa ...
reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine's first reaction is about the album's "really ugly, garish cover". He found the music to be "directionless", and stated that if Ryder was able to offer lyrics that "linger in the imagination," the album could have had "some longer staying power".[ '']NME
''New Musical Express'' (''NME'') is a British music, film, gaming, and culture website and brand. Founded as a newspaper in 1952, with the publication being referred to as a 'rock inkie', the NME would become a magazine that ended up as a f ...
'' writer Alex Miller said from the album's third track "Deviants", it "begins a slow decline into the most putrid of doldrums".[
'']The Village Voice
''The Village Voice'' is an American news and culture paper, known for being the country's first alternative newspaper, alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf (publisher), Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher, John Wilcock, and Norman Mailer, th ...
'' included "Jellybean" at number 34 on their 50 Worst Songs of the '00s list.
Track listing
Writing credits per booklet. All recordings produced by Sunny Levine.[
]
Personnel
Personnel per booklet.
Happy Mondays
* Shaun Ryder
Shaun William George Ryder (born 23 August 1962) is an English singer/songwriter and poet. As lead singer of Happy Mondays, he was a leading figure in the Madchester cultural scene during the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1993, he formed Bla ...
* Gary Whelan
* Mark "Bez" Berry
* Kavin Sandhu
* Mikey Shine
* Julie Gordon
* Dan Broad
Production
* Sunny Levine – producer, engineer, additional mixdown assistance
* Seadna McPhail – assistant
* Howie B
Howard Bernstein (born 18 April 1963, Glasgow, Scotland), professionally known as Howie B, is a Scottish musician, producer and DJ who has worked with artists including: Björk, U2, Tricky, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Soul II Soul, Robbie ...
– mixing
* Ben Thackeray – assistant
* Gary Whelan – additional mixdown assistance
* Dan Broad – additional mixdown assistance
* Dave Parkinson – initial recording, demos
* Steve Fenton – digital transfer, engineer
* Bernie Grundman – mastering
Additional musicians
* Mickey Avalon
Mickey Avalon (born Yeshe Perl; December 3, 1975) is an American rapper from Hollywood, California. His debut self-titled solo album was released Nov. 7, 2006 on Interscope/Shoot to Kill Records in association with MySpace Records. Frequent topi ...
* Stewart Levine
Stewart Levine (born 1946) is an American record producer. He has worked with such artists as The Crusaders, Minnie Riperton, Lionel Richie, Simply Red, Hugh Masekela, Dr. John, Randy Crawford, B.B. King, Huey Lewis and the News, Patti LaBelle ...
* Johnny Evans
* Eamon Ryland
* Joachim Cooder
Joachim Herbert Cooder (born August 23, 1978) is a drummer, percussionist, composer, and keyboardist best known for his collaborations with his father, Ry Cooder.
Early life
Cooder began to play drums at the age of 5, inspired by Jim Keltner. C ...
* Asa Soltan Rahmati
* Adam Burns
* Juliette Commagere
Juliette Commagere is a Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter who was formerly the lead singer and keytar player of the band Hello Stranger. In 2008 she began a solo career with the release of ''Queens Die Proudly''.
Commagere has also performe ...
* Jared Smith
* Wayne Edwards
* Keith Ashworth
* Paul Newsome
* Norman McLeod
* Amir Yaghami
* Ry Cooder
* Robert Francis
* Selema Masekela
Selema "Sal" Mabena Masekela (born August 28, 1971) is an American television host, sports commentator, actor and singer.
Life and career
Masekela was born in Los Angeles, the son of a Haitian mother and South African jazz musician Hugh Masekela. ...
* Na'im Cortazzi
* Dave Parkinson
See also
* '' Pop Voodoo'' – Black Grape's post-reunion album
References
Citations
Sources
*
*
External links
''Uncle Dysfunktional''
(2020 mix) at YouTube
YouTube is a global online video sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second mo ...
(streamed copy where licensed)
{{Authority control
2007 albums
Happy Mondays albums
Sequel Records albums