Technological University Dublin
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Technological University Dublin ( ga, Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath) or TU Dublin is
Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
's first
technological university An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...
, established on 1 January 2019, and with a history stretching back to 1887 through the amalgamated
Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT, ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath) was a major third-level institution in Dublin, Ireland. On 1 January 2019 DIT was dissolved and its functions were transferred to the Technological U ...
which progressed from the first technical education institution in Ireland, the City of Dublin Technical Schools. It is the second-largest third-level institution in Ireland, with a student population of 28,500. The university was formed by the amalgamation of three existing
institutes of technology An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...
in the Dublin area –
Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT, ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath) was a major third-level institution in Dublin, Ireland. On 1 January 2019 DIT was dissolved and its functions were transferred to the Technological U ...
,
Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown (ITB) ( ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Baile Bhlainséir) established in 1999, was a third-level institution, now amalgamated into Technological University Dublin. It was the last-founded Institute of ...
, and
Institute of Technology, Tallaght The Institute of Technology Tallaght (also known as ITT or IT Tallaght) ( Irish: ''Institiúid Teicneolaíochta, Tamhlacht)'' was a third-level institution in Tallaght, the largest suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Established in 1992, IT Tallaght ...
, taking over all functions and operations of these institutions. It is the eighth university in Ireland, and the fourth in
County Dublin "Action to match our speech" , image_map = Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg , map_alt = map showing County Dublin as a small area of darker green on the east coast within the lighter green background of ...
. The university asserts an entrepreneurial ethos and industry-focused approach, with extensive collaboration with industry for research and teaching. The flagship campus is located within Grangegorman, Dublin, with two other long-term campuses, in
Tallaght ) , image_skyline = TallaghtDublinD24.jpg , image_caption = Tallaght, Dublin , image_flag = , flag_size = , pushpin_map = Dublin#Ireland , pushpin_label_position = left , ...
and
Blanchardstown Blanchardstown () is a large outer suburb of Dublin in the modern county of Fingal, Ireland. Located northwest of Dublin city centre, it has developed since the 1960s from a small village to a point where Greater Blanchardstown is the largest u ...
, and remaining legacy sites at
Bolton Street This is a list of notable streets in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. A B C D E F G H Heath St. Route 64. (MTA Maryland) K L M N O P R Ramsay st S U W Y Numbered streets In Balt ...
and
Aungier Street Aungier Street is a street on the south side of Dublin, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It runs north-south as a continuation of South Great George's Street. It is the location of both a Technological University Dublin and a Dublin Business Schoo ...
. TU Dublin has approximately 3,500 staff. Professor David FitzPatrick is the inaugural president, a role in which he currently serves.


History


Institutes of Technology


Dublin Institute of Technology

TU Dublin has its origins in the City of Dublin Technical Schools, with a Technical College founded at Kevin Street in 1887 by poet, songwriter and novelist
Arnold Felix Graves Arnold Felix Graves (17 November 1847 – 24 May 1930), was an Irish poet, songwriter and novelist who played a leading role in developing technical education in Ireland. Life and work He was born in Dublin, the son of The Rt. Rev Charles Gr ...
. In 1978, with the formal amalgamation of the College of Technology, Kevin Street, and five other specialised colleges in Dublin under a federalised arrangement, the Dublin Institute of Technology was formed. From 1976 to 1998, the Institute of Technology enjoyed a relationship with the
University of Dublin The University of Dublin ( ga, Ollscoil Átha Cliath), corporately designated the Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin, is a university located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the degree-awarding body for Trinity College Dubl ...
, the degree-awarding body for
Trinity College Dublin , name_Latin = Collegium Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae Elizabethae juxta Dublin , motto = ''Perpetuis futuris temporibus duraturam'' (Latin) , motto_lang = la , motto_English = It will last i ...
, for the sharing of facilities, equipment and staff, joint research seed funding, research partnerships, and for the University of Dublin to award Dublin Institute of Technology degrees under their own name in return for academic oversight; this partnership was credited for a 22 times increase in research output in the Institute of Technology in 1992 compared to 1975, and a significant increase in the institute's status. With the improved status, staff experience from the partnership, increased course demand, and success of Dublin Institute of Technology graduates in employment compared to university graduates, politicians and university academics sought greater autonomy for the institute, with
Fine Gael Fine Gael (, ; English: "Family (or Tribe) of the Irish") is a liberal-conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Ireland. Fine Gael is currently the third-largest party in the Republic of Ireland in terms of members of Dáil ...
higher-education spokesperson
Theresa Ahearn Theresa Ahearn (; 1 May 1951 – 20 September 2000) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála for the Tipperary South constituency from 1989 to 2000. Political career Her first elected office was as a member of South T ...
saying "The colleges, in particular the DIT, at this stage rightly claim to have long experience of teaching to degree level ... I suggest that now is the time to give the colleges this power to award their own degrees". On 10 July 1992, Minister for Education
Séamus Brennan Séamus Brennan (; 16 February 1948 – 9 July 2008) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism from 2007 to 2008, Minister for Social and Family Affairs from 2004 to 2007, Minister for Transport fr ...
stated that "The DIT will be given degree awarding powers", and these powers were ultimately granted in 1998 under the Dublin Institute of Technology Act, 1992.


Institute of Technology Tallaght

Institute of Technology Tallaght was established in 1992, at its dissolution offering courses through the School of Business & Humanities, the School of Engineering, and the School of Science & Computing.


Institute of Technology Blanchardstown

Institute of Technology Blanchardstown was established in 1999, and at its dissolution offered courses through the School of Business, the School of Humanities, and the School of Informatics and Engineering.


Amalgamation of Institutes of Technology

In 2014, the
Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT, ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath) was a major third-level institution in Dublin, Ireland. On 1 January 2019 DIT was dissolved and its functions were transferred to the Technological U ...
(DIT),
Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown (ITB) ( ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Baile Bhlainséir) established in 1999, was a third-level institution, now amalgamated into Technological University Dublin. It was the last-founded Institute of ...
(ITB) and
Institute of Technology, Tallaght The Institute of Technology Tallaght (also known as ITT or IT Tallaght) ( Irish: ''Institiúid Teicneolaíochta, Tamhlacht)'' was a third-level institution in Tallaght, the largest suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Established in 1992, IT Tallaght ...
(ITT) jointly entered into a formal process to seek to merge into a university. At the time, following the Institutes of Technology Act 2006, there were fourteen IT's in Ireland, and a political appetite emerged to amalgamate several to form a more advanced third-level institution, known as a technological university, similar to
that ''That'' is an English language word used for several grammar, grammatical purposes. These include use as an adjective, conjunction (grammar), conjunction, pronoun, adverb, and intensifier; it has distance from the speaker, as opposed to words lik ...
of
Delft Delft () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, ...
and other technological universities in
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
. The Dublin bid, proposed by the three institutes, eventually coalesced into a move, in 2014, to seek designation as a technological university under the project title "Technological University for Dublin Alliance" / "TU4Dublin". A final application was submitted in April 2018, following the enactment of the Technological Universities Act 2018. The formation of Technological University Dublin was approved in July 2018, and the university was formally established on 1 January 2019, on which date the preceding institutions were dissolved. In April 2019, TU Dublin sold its Kevin Street campus to York Capital and Westridge Real Estate for €140 million. The Kevin Street campus was vacated in March 2021 and demolition works began on the site in April 2021. In March 2020, TU Dublin put the Aungier Street campus up for sale, with the campus scheduled to close in 2023, after which students and staff will relocate to the Grangegorman Campus.


Governance

The university is overseen by a Governing Body appointed under the Technological Universities Act, with representation for staff, undergraduate and postgraduate students, the local Education and Training Boards, along with the President of the university, an external chairperson and other external members appointed by the Governing Body and by the Minister. Appointments are required to aim for at least 40% female and 40% male membership, and, by agreement with the
Higher Education Authority __NOTOC__ The Higher Education Authority (HEA), officially An tÚdarás um Ard-Oideachas, is the statutory body providing policy advice for higher education in Ireland. Description and functions The HEA was established under the Higher Educat ...
, a suitable mix of skills and experience, considering business, law, human resources management, community organisation and others. Academic affairs, including course development and examinations, are overseen by TU Dublin's statutory Academic Council, as defined by the same legislative act.


Academic profile


Admissions

Undergraduate admissions are made through the
Central Applications Office The Central Applications Office (CAO) ( ga, An LárOifig Iontrála) is the organisation responsible for overseeing undergraduate applications to colleges and universities in the Republic of Ireland. The primary mission of the Central Application ...
, with applications opening in January and late applications closing early-May of the admission year; course offers are made to individuals who either meet the point and subject requirements of the relevant course, or alternatively have existing
QQI Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI; ga, Dearbhú Cáilíochta agus Cáilíochtaí Éireann) is the national agency responsible for qualifications in Ireland. It was established by the Oireachtas in 2012 following the amalgamation of the ...
qualifications for most courses, with some courses requiring the QQI qualification to be in a relevant discipline.


Colleges and Schools

TU Dublin consists of five colleges, their associated schools, and multiple research institutes and centres. Courses are primarily based in one of five locations. TU Dublin is the only institution offering courses in optometry and ophthalmic dispensing in Ireland, with both a 4-year BSc in optometry and a 3-year BSc in Ophthalmic Dispensing running from the School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences within the College of Sciences & Health. TU Dublin physics, optometry, and clinical measurement science degrees are fully accredited by the
Institute of Physics The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a UK-based learned society and professional body that works to advance physics education, research and application. It was founded in 1874 and has a worldwide membership of over 20,000. The IOP is the Physic ...
, and
National Framework of Qualifications The National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ) is a system used to describe levels of educational qualifications in Ireland. Responsibility for maintaining and developing the framework lies with Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI). Launched ...
Level 8 engineering degrees are fully accredited by the Institute of Engineers of Ireland.


Graduate Research School

The Graduate Research School offers the PhD programmes of the university, focusing research along the themes of: * Environment, Energy & Health * Information, Communications & Media Technologies * New Materials & Devices * Society, Culture & Enterprise. Graduate researchers are members of this school, in addition to being registered with their own school.


College of Sciences & Health

* School of Biological & Health Sciences * School of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences * School of Computing * Food Science & Environmental Health * School of Mathematical Sciences * School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences


College of Engineering & Built Environment

* Dublin School of Architecture * Civil Engineering * Electrical & Electronic Engineering * Mechanical and Design Engineering * Multidisciplinary Technologies * Surveying & Construction Management * School of Transport Engineering, Environment and Planning


College of Business

* Accounting & Finance * Management * Marketing * Retail & Services Management * Graduate Business School * Promote & sales


College of Arts & Tourism

* Dublin School of Creative Arts * School of Culinary Arts & Food Technology * Hospitality Management & Tourism * School of Languages, Law & Social Sciences * School of Media * Conservatoire of Music & Drama


Reputation and rankings

In 2021,
Times Higher Education ''Times Higher Education'' (''THE''), formerly ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'' (''The Thes''), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education. Ownership TPG Capital acquired TSL Education ...
(THE) ranked TU Dublin 801-1000th in the World University Rankings, 201-300th in impact rankings, and 251-300th in the Young University Rankings. In the 2023
QS World University Rankings ''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the ...
TU Dublin was listed 801-1000th. In 2020,
U-Multirank College and university rankings order the best institutions in higher education based on factors that vary depending on the ranking. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a single country, while others assess institutions worldwide. Ranking ...
listed TU Dublin as having the highest number of ''very good'' scores across various criteria compared to other higher-education institutions in Ireland. TU Dublin holds an
Athena SWAN Athena SWAN (Scientific Women's Academic Network) is a quality charter mark framework and accreditation scheme established and managed by the UK Equality Challenge Unit (now part of Advance HE) in 2005 that recognises and celebrates good pract ...
Bronze Award for its commitment to advance
gender equality Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing d ...
in STEM.


European University of Technology

Technological University Dublin is one of the eight members of the European University of Technology (EUt+), a "transnational alliance" of universities, which also includes the
Technical University of Sofia The Technical University of Sofia ( bg, Технически университет - София) is Bulgaria's largest and foremost academic establishment for higher engineering education. The university is a state-owned entity with academic self- ...
(Bulgaria), the
Cyprus University of Technology tr, Kıbrıs Teknoloji Üniversitesi , image = Cyprus University of Technology official logo.png , established = 2004 , type = Public , city = Limassol , state = Limassol District , country = Cyprus , undergra ...
(Cyprus), the
Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences The Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences (german: Hochschule Darmstadt), also known as h_da, is a University of Applied Sciences located in Darmstadt, Germany. h_da is part of the IT cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar, the "Silicon Valley of Germany ...
(Germany), the
Riga Technical University Riga Technical University (RTU) ( lv, Rīgas Tehniskā universitāte) is the oldest technical university in the Baltic countries established on October 14, 1862. It is located in Riga, Latvia and was previously known as 'Riga Polytechnical Ins ...
(Latvia), the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (Spain), the
University of Technology of Troyes The University of Technology of Troyes (''Université de Technologie de Troyes''; ''UTT'') is a French university, in the Academy of Reims. The UTT is part of the network of the three universities of technology, found by the University of Techno ...
(France) and the
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (UTCN short for ro, Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca) is a public university located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. It was founded in 1948, based on the older ''Industrial College'' (1920). The Technical U ...
(Romania).


Facilities


Campuses

File:Grangegorman TUD 2.jpg, Grangegorman campus File:Grangegorman TUD.jpg, Grangegorman campus File:Printworks Studio, TUD.jpg, The Printworks Studio at Grangegorman campus File:TUD Campus 3.jpg, Grangegorman campus File:Bolton Street College.jpg, Bolton Street campus File:Institute of Technology Blanchardstown - geograph.org.uk - 546771 (cropped).jpg, Blanchardstown campus The university is based in five main campuses, with the
Grangegorman Grangegorman () is an inner suburb on the northside of Dublin city, Ireland. The area is administered by Dublin City Council. It was best known for decades as the location of St Brendan's Hospital, which was the main psychiatric hospital se ...
,
Aungier Street Aungier Street is a street on the south side of Dublin, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It runs north-south as a continuation of South Great George's Street. It is the location of both a Technological University Dublin and a Dublin Business Schoo ...
and Bolton Street campuses in Dublin City, and both the
Blanchardstown Blanchardstown () is a large outer suburb of Dublin in the modern county of Fingal, Ireland. Located northwest of Dublin city centre, it has developed since the 1960s from a small village to a point where Greater Blanchardstown is the largest u ...
and
Tallaght ) , image_skyline = TallaghtDublinD24.jpg , image_caption = Tallaght, Dublin , image_flag = , flag_size = , pushpin_map = Dublin#Ireland , pushpin_label_position = left , ...
campuses in the Dublin suburbs. The Grangegorman campus will complete ongoing relocation of activities at Kevin Street and
Cathal Brugha Street Cathal Brugha Street ( ) is a street on the northside of Dublin, Ireland. Location The street runs eastwards from near the Parnell Square end of Upper O'Connell Street, crossing Marlborough Street and changing name to Seán Macdermott Street ...
, expanding its capacity to 10,000 students, while further development is planned for the Blanchardstown and Tallaght campuses. According to then
Taoiseach The Taoiseach is the head of government, or prime minister, of Ireland. The office is appointed by the president of Ireland upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland's national legislature) and the o ...
Leo Varadkar, the new university will have an "entrepreneurial ethos", and offer degrees and programmes ranging from Level 6 to Level 10 in the
National Framework of Qualifications The National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ) is a system used to describe levels of educational qualifications in Ireland. Responsibility for maintaining and developing the framework lies with Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI). Launched ...
. While having an emphasis on
computer science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...
and STEM subjects, given its status as a technological university, the then Minister for Education and Skills
Richard Bruton Richard Bruton (born 15 March 1953) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin Bay North since 2016, and previously from 1982 to 2016 for the Dublin North-Central constituency. He is the Chairman of th ...
stated that the university would aim to sit at "convergence of the arts, business, science and technology".


Innovation

The Grangegorman campus includes the Greenway Hub, which is a "state-of-the-art facility for research and innovation that has been developed on the new TU Dublin campus at Grangegorman". It is home to the Environmental, Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI) and to TU Dublin Hothouse. TU Dublin Hothouse at the Greenway Hub offers a 21,500 square foot start-up incubator, office spaces, conference rooms, and provides start-ups access to staff and researchers. Funding is offered to start-ups from the university itself, and from partnerships with
Enterprise Ireland Enterprise Ireland is an Irish state economic development agency focused on helping Irish-owned business deliver new export sales. The aim of Enterprise Ireland is . History Enterprise Ireland was established by the Industrial Development (E ...
,
Science Foundation Ireland Science Foundation Ireland (SFI; ga, Fondúireacht Eolaíochta Éireann) is the statutory body in Republic of Ireland, Ireland with responsibility for funding oriented basic and applied research in the areas of science, technology, engineering ...
, and
Horizon 2020 The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the Europea ...
, among others. Assistance is provided with commercialisation, and protecting the intellectual property of start-ups in the incubator. TU Dublin Hothouse runs a funded summer program, I-Cubed, for current students and recent graduates with business ideas who wish to start and run that business. A market initiative Open Labs began in 2018 to assist start-ups and existing companies with research and development in specific technical areas, and as of February 2021 more than 150 start ups have participated in the initiative, generating over €1.5 million in research income.


Student life


Students' Union

Technological University Dublin Students' Union (TU Dublin SU) was established by referendum in February 2019 as the amalgamation of DIT Students' Union, IT Tallaght Student Union and Institute of Technology Blanchardstown Student Union. TU Dublin Students' Union began operating on 1 July 2019. Annually, TU Dublin Students' Union oversees the election of class representatives, in which all students in the same course and year elect a student in the same group to represent them by conveying class feedback to the Students Union and lecturers. Class representatives attend the semesterly programme committee meetings of their own programme group alongside lecturers and professors, and attend semi-semesterly class representative meetings involving Students Union officers and other class representatives from the same school. Class representatives receive training from th
National Student Engagement Programme


Societies

Over 70 student-run societies exist throughout the five TU Dublin campuses, which receive a stipend from TU Dublin for activities based on membership of the society. Societies are formed by petition, requiring a total of 20 signatures from current TU Dublin students.


Sport

About 40 student-run clubs are present throughout the five campuses, including
Gaelic Athletic Association The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA; ga, Cumann Lúthchleas Gael ; CLG) is an Irish international amateur sports, amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting indigenous Gaelic games and pastimes, which include t ...
,
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
,
handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the g ...
,
powerlifting Powerlifting is a strength sport that consists of three attempts at maximal weight on three lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift. As in the sport of Olympic weightlifting, it involves the athlete attempting a maximal weight single-lift effor ...
,
archery Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 The word comes from the Latin ''arcus'', meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In m ...
,
rowing Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion. Rowing is functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically ...
,
skiing Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow. Variations of purpose include basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport. Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IO ...
,
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
,
kite surfing Kiteboarding or kitesurfing is a sport that involves using wind power with a large power kite to pull a rider across a water, land, or snow surface. It combines aspects of paragliding, surfing, windsurfing, skateboarding, snowboarding, and wak ...
, and
cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striki ...
, among others. A gym and exercise studio are run by TU Dublin Fitness, providing discounted access to TU Dublin students, staff and graduates, and access to the public.


Other Technological Universities

In January 2021, IT Tralee merged with
Cork IT Cork Institute of Technology (CIT; ga, Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Chorcaí) was an institute of technology, located in Cork, Ireland. Upon its dissolution, the institute had 17,000 students studying in art, business, engineering, music, dr ...
to become
Munster Technological University Munster Technological University (MTU; ga, Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta na Mumhan) is a public technological university consisting of six campuses located in Cork and Kerry. The university was established in January 2021, the result of a merger b ...
. Approval for Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest was granted in May 2021. Similar institutions are proposed in the south-east (
TUSE Tuse is a village in Denmark, located about west of Holbæk. It has a population of 1,176 (1 January 2022). Tuse is located in Holbæk Municipality and therefore is part of the Zealand Region. The town has a relatively large local historical si ...
), and
north North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...
-
west West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sunset, Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic languages, German ...
('' Connacht-Ulster Alliance'').


References

{{Coord, 53.3546, -6.2792, display=title Education in Dublin (city) Universities and colleges in the Republic of Ireland Art schools in Ireland Universities and colleges formed by merger in the Republic of Ireland Educational institutions established in 2019 Universities established in the 2010s 2019 establishments in Ireland Dublin TU