Tyrrhena Terra is a large area on Mars, centered south of the Martian equator and immediately northeast of the

Hellas basin Hellas Planitia is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Hellas is the third- or fourth-largest known impact crater in the Solar System. The basin floor i ...

. Its coordinates are , and it covers 2300 km at its broadest extent. It was named for a classic

albedo feature An albedo feature is a large area on the surface of a planet (or other Solar System body) which shows a contrast in brightness or darkness (albedo) with adjacent areas. Historically, albedo features were the first (and usually only) features to b ...

of the planet and is in the

Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle The Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. This quadrangle is also referred to as MC-22 (Mars Chart-22). It contains parts o ...

of Mars. Tyrrhena Terra is typical of the southern Martian terrae, with heavily cratered highlands and other rugged terrain. It contains the large volcano

Tyrrhena Patera Tyrrhenus Mons, formerly Tyrrhena Mons or Tyrrhena Patera, is a large volcano in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle of Mars, located at 21.36° south latitude and 253.47° west longitude. The name "Tyrrhena Patera" now refers only to the central depres ...

, one of the oldest volcanoes on Mars. Its largest crater is Herschel. Licus Vallis and the Ausonia Montes are other major features in the region. Some channels and dunes are visible in Tyrrhena Terra, as shown in the images below. Wikiesp 035761 1520layers.jpg, Layers in a valley East of Terby Crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Location is

Iapygia quadrangle The Iapygia quadrangle (geography), quadrangle is one of a series of list of quadrangles on Mars, 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Iapygia quadrangle is also referred ...

. Wikiterracimmeriaboundaries.jpg, MOLA map showing boundaries of Tyrrhena Terra and other nearby regions Image:25897ausoniachannel.jpg, Channel in Ausonia Mensa, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program ESP 036051 1515iapyagiachannel.jpg, Channel within a larger channel, as seen by HiRISE under

HiWish program HiWish is a program created by NASA so that anyone can suggest a place for the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to photograph. It was started in January 2010. In the first few months of the program 3000 people signed up to use HiRIS ...

Image:ESP 037844 1690dunes.jpg, Dunes in crater, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Image:ESP 034956 1745dunescraters.jpg, Dunes among craters, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program. Wikibriault.jpg, Briault Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ''Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter'' (MRO) is a spacecraft designed to study the geology and climate of Mars, provide reconnaissance of future landing sites, and relay data from surface missions back to Earth. It was launched on August 12, 2005, an ...

). Wikibriaultdunes.jpg, Dunes on the floor of Briault Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Note: this is an enlargement of the previous image of Briault Crater.

Dunes

When there are perfect conditions for producing sand dunes, steady wind in one direction and just enough sand, a barchan sand dune forms. Barchans have a gentle slope on the wind side and a much steeper slope on the lee side where horns or a notch often forms. Some of the dunes in the pictures above are barchans. Barchan is a Russian term because this type of dune was first seen in the desert regions of Turkistan.

Columnar Jointing

Lava flows sometimes cool to form large groups of more-or-less equally sized columns. These joints have been seen on Mars.McEwen, A. et al. 2017. Mars The Pristine Beauty of the Red Planet. University of Arizona Press. Tucson. ESP 014016 1945columnarjointing.jpg, Wide view of crater that has columnar jointing that is visible in enlarged images that follow Picture taken with HiRISE. 14016 1945columnarjointingwide.jpg, Crater wall with columnar jointing in the location of the box Columnar joints are easily seen in the enlarged image that follows. Picture taken with HiRISE. 14016 1945columnarjointing.jpg, Close view of crater wall with columnar jointing labeled Picture taken with HiRISE. Image:Parana traps.JPG, Columnar jointing on the Earth. Image:Sounkyo 01 a.jpg, Columnar jointing on the Earth. Image:Columnar Jointing in Yellowstone.JPG, Columnar Jointing in

Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowston ...

References

Complex geology of two large impact craters in Tyrrhena Terra, Mars: Detailed analysis using MEX HRSC camera data

Dunes

Columnar Jointing

See also

References

Further reading