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''Tyromyces'' is a
*'' Tyromyces gilvellus'' (Pilát) Komarova (1964)
*'' Tyromyces globosporus'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005) – Africa
*'' Tyromyces gollanii'' (Massee) S.Ahmad (1972)
*'' Tyromyces hispidulinanus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces humeana'' (Murrill) J.Lowe (1975)
*'' Tyromyces hyalinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1980)
*'' Tyromyces hypocitrinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1984)
*'' Tyromyces illudens'' (Overh. & J.Lowe) J.Lowe (1975) – New South Wales
*'' Tyromyces imbricatus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983)
*'' Tyromyces incarnatus'' Imazeki (1954)
*'' Tyromyces inodermatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces interponens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces irpiceus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces kmetii'' (Bres.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
*'' Tyromyces lacteus'' (Fr.) Murrill (1907) – Great Britain
*'' Tyromyces languidus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces leucomallus'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill (1907)
*'' Tyromyces leucospongia'' (Cooke & Harkn.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) – United States
*'' Tyromyces levis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces limitatus'' Ryvarden (2000)
*'' Tyromyces lineatus'' (Overh.) J.Lowe (1975)
*'' Tyromyces magnisporus'' Murrill (1940)
*'' Tyromyces marianii'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988)
*'' Tyromyces mediocris'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces merrittii'' Murrill (1908)
*'' Tyromyces mexicanus'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces mollicaseus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces navarroi'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010) – Costa Rica
*'' Tyromyces nemorosus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces neostrigosus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces nodulosus'' Ryvarden (2000)
*'' Tyromyces ochraceicarneus'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces ochraceivinosus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces olivascens'' (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces oxyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011)
*'' Tyromyces pendens'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005)
*'' Tyromyces perskeletalis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pinguis'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces polyetes'' Parmasto (1959)
*'' Tyromyces polyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces praeguttulatus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985)
*'' Tyromyces pseudoalbidus'' Bondartseva (1970)
*'' Tyromyces pseudohoehnelii'' Bondartsev & Komarova (1959)
*''
*'' Tyromyces pulviniformis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pusillicaesius'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pusillus'' (Fr.) G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces raduloides'' (Henn.) Ryvarden (1980)
*'' Tyromyces reticulatomarginatus'' (Pilát) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
*'' Tyromyces rhodomelon'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rubrifuscescens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rufipendens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rufipileatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces sambuceus'' (Lloyd) Imazeki (1943)
*'' Tyromyces satakei'' (Imazeki) Quanten (1997)
*'' Tyromyces semilimitatus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011)
*'' Tyromyces setiger'' (Cooke) Teng (1963)
*'' Tyromyces sinapicolor'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces singeri'' Ryvarden (1987)
*'' Tyromyces squamosellus'' Núñez & Ryvarden (1999)
*'' Tyromyces squamulosus'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) – Japan
*'' Tyromyces stenomitis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subacutus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985)
*'' Tyromyces sublacteus'' M.P.Christ. (1960) – Europe
*'' Tyromyces subradiatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subroseiporus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subrubescens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subviridis'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces sulfureiceps'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces tephronotus'' (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1965) – Tasmania
*'' Tyromyces tephrus'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983)
*'' Tyromyces tibeticus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983)
*'' Tyromyces toatoa'' G.Cunn. (1965) – New Zealand
*'' Tyromyces tristaniae'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces viride'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces vitellinus'' Ryvarden & Hauskn. (2006)
*'' Tyromyces vivii'' Homble ex Ryvarden (2003)
*'' Tyromyces xuchilensis'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985) – Bolivia, China
*'' Tyromyces zameriensis'' (Pilát) Bondartsev (1953)
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymeniu ...
. It was circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
by mycologist Petter Karsten
Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology".
Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku, s ...
in 1881. The type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
is the widely distributed '' Tyromyces chioneus'', commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
position of ''Tyromyces'' within the Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus ''Lentinus''). Many species within ...
is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
". ''Tyromyces'' is polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
as it is currently circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."
The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...
words ("cheese") and (fungus").
Description
''Tyromyces'' fungi havefruit bodies
The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...
that are pileate (i.e., with a cap
A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. Caps typically have a visor, or no brim at all. They are popular in casual and informal se ...
) to resupinate ( crust-like). Fruit bodies are short-lived, and often mostly white, but turning a darker colour when dry. The colour of the pore surface is usually white to cream, sometime with greenish tinges. Like the cap surface, it darkens when dry.
Microscopic characteristics
Thehypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one or ...
l system is either monomitic (meaning the fungus contains only generative hyphae, which in this case have clamps
Clamp may refer to:
Tools and devices
*Brick clamp, an early method of baking bricks
*Clamp (tool), a device or tool used to hold objects in a fixed relative position (many types listed)
**C-clamp
**C-clamp (stagecraft)
**Riser clamp, a device u ...
) or dimitic, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The spores
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...
are smooth, thin-walled, and hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none.
Histopathology
Hyaline cartilage is ...
(translucent). They are allantoid (long with rounded ends) to ovoid (egg-shaped), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent
Melzer's reagent (also known as Melzer's iodine reagent, Melzer's solution or informally as Melzer's) is a chemical reagent used by mycologists to assist with the identification of fungi, and by phytopathologists for fungi that are plant pathogens ...
. There are no cystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...
in the hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ...
, although there may be cystidioles (sterile cells of about the same diameter and shape as an immature basidium
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-c ...
that protrude beyond the surface of the hymenium).
''Tyromyces'' are white rot
A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and col ...
fungi with a cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...
.
Species
,Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...
accepts 119 species of ''Tyromyces''.
*'' Tyromyces albiformis'' Quanten (1997) – Papua New Guinea
*'' Tyromyces albogilvus'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill (1907)
*'' Tyromyces albovinaceus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces albus'' Ryvarden (2013)
*'' Tyromyces allantoideus'' M.P.Christ. (1960) – Europe
*'' Tyromyces amarus'' (Hedgc.) J.Lowe (1975)
*'' Tyromyces apalus'' Bondartsev (1953)
*'' Tyromyces aquosus'' (Henn.) Ryvarden (2014) – Brazil
*'' Tyromyces armeniacus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983) – China
*'' Tyromyces atroalbus'' (Rick) Rajchenb. (1987)
*'' Tyromyces atrostrigosus'' (Cooke) G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces aurantiacus'' (Komarova) Komarova (1964)
*'' Tyromyces avellaneialbus'' Murrill (1938)
*'' Tyromyces bibulus'' (Pers.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
*'' Tyromyces carbonicola'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces carpatorossicus'' (Pilát ex Pilát) Bondartsev (1953)
*'' Tyromyces catervatus'' (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces chioneus'' (Fr.) P.Karst. (1881)
*'' Tyromyces cinereobrunneus'' Bitew & Ryvarden (2004) – Ethiopia
*'' Tyromyces cinnamomeiporus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces cinnamomeus'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010) – Costa Rica
*'' Tyromyces citriniporus'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces corniculatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces corticicola'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces crassisporus'' Log.-Leite & J.E.Wright (1991)
*'' Tyromyces crispellus'' (Peck) Murrill (1907)
*'' Tyromyces dacrydii'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces descendens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces dianthicolor'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces duplexus'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010) – Costa Rica
*'' Tyromyces duracinus'' (Pat.) Murrill (1907) – South America
*'' Tyromyces eberhardtii'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983)
*'' Tyromyces ethiopicus'' Bitew & Ryvarden (2004) – Ethiopia
*'' Tyromyces exiguus'' (Colenso) G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces falcatus'' G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces favulus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces formosanus'' T.T.Chang & W.N.Chou (1999)
*'' Tyromyces fumidiceps'' G.F.Atk. (1908) – North America
*'' Tyromyces galactinus'' (Berk.) J.Lowe (1975) – Portugal
*'' Tyromyces gilvellus'' (Pilát) Komarova (1964)
*'' Tyromyces globosporus'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005) – Africa
*'' Tyromyces gollanii'' (Massee) S.Ahmad (1972)
*'' Tyromyces hispidulinanus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces humeana'' (Murrill) J.Lowe (1975)
*'' Tyromyces hyalinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1980)
*'' Tyromyces hypocitrinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1984)
*'' Tyromyces illudens'' (Overh. & J.Lowe) J.Lowe (1975) – New South Wales
*'' Tyromyces imbricatus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983)
*'' Tyromyces incarnatus'' Imazeki (1954)
*'' Tyromyces inodermatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces interponens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces irpiceus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces kmetii'' (Bres.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
*'' Tyromyces lacteus'' (Fr.) Murrill (1907) – Great Britain
*'' Tyromyces languidus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces leucomallus'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill (1907)
*'' Tyromyces leucospongia'' (Cooke & Harkn.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) – United States
*'' Tyromyces levis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces limitatus'' Ryvarden (2000)
*'' Tyromyces lineatus'' (Overh.) J.Lowe (1975)
*'' Tyromyces magnisporus'' Murrill (1940)
*'' Tyromyces marianii'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988)
*'' Tyromyces mediocris'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces merrittii'' Murrill (1908)
*'' Tyromyces mexicanus'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces mollicaseus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces navarroi'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010) – Costa Rica
*'' Tyromyces nemorosus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces neostrigosus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces nodulosus'' Ryvarden (2000)
*'' Tyromyces ochraceicarneus'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces ochraceivinosus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces olivascens'' (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces oxyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011)
*'' Tyromyces pendens'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005)
*'' Tyromyces perskeletalis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pinguis'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces polyetes'' Parmasto (1959)
*'' Tyromyces polyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003)
*'' Tyromyces praeguttulatus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985)
*'' Tyromyces pseudoalbidus'' Bondartseva (1970)
*'' Tyromyces pseudohoehnelii'' Bondartsev & Komarova (1959)
*''Tyromyces pulcherrimus
''Tyromyces pulcherrimus'', commonly known as the strawberry bracket, is a species of polypore, poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is readily recognisable by its reddish basidiocarp, fruit bodies with pores on the cap underside. The f ...
'' (Rodway) G.Cunn. (1965) – Australia
*'' Tyromyces pulviniformis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pusillicaesius'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces pusillus'' (Fr.) G.Cunn. (1965)
*'' Tyromyces raduloides'' (Henn.) Ryvarden (1980)
*'' Tyromyces reticulatomarginatus'' (Pilát) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
*'' Tyromyces rhodomelon'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rubrifuscescens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rufipendens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces rufipileatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces sambuceus'' (Lloyd) Imazeki (1943)
*'' Tyromyces satakei'' (Imazeki) Quanten (1997)
*'' Tyromyces semilimitatus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011)
*'' Tyromyces setiger'' (Cooke) Teng (1963)
*'' Tyromyces sinapicolor'' Corner (1992)
*'' Tyromyces singeri'' Ryvarden (1987)
*'' Tyromyces squamosellus'' Núñez & Ryvarden (1999)
*'' Tyromyces squamulosus'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) – Japan
*'' Tyromyces stenomitis'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subacutus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985)
*'' Tyromyces sublacteus'' M.P.Christ. (1960) – Europe
*'' Tyromyces subradiatus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subroseiporus'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subrubescens'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces subviridis'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces sulfureiceps'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces tephronotus'' (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1965) – Tasmania
*'' Tyromyces tephrus'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983)
*'' Tyromyces tibeticus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983)
*'' Tyromyces toatoa'' G.Cunn. (1965) – New Zealand
*'' Tyromyces tristaniae'' Corner (1989)
*'' Tyromyces viride'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001) – Mexico
*'' Tyromyces vitellinus'' Ryvarden & Hauskn. (2006)
*'' Tyromyces vivii'' Homble ex Ryvarden (2003)
*'' Tyromyces xuchilensis'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985) – Bolivia, China
*'' Tyromyces zameriensis'' (Pilát) Bondartsev (1953)
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5233899 Polyporales genera Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten Taxa described in 1881