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A twin-boom aircraft is characterised by two

longitudinal Longitudinal is a geometric term of location which may refer to: * Longitude ** Line of longitude, also called a meridian * Longitudinal engine, an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, ...

booms (extended

nacelle A nacelle ( ) is a "streamlined body, sized according to what it contains", such as an engine, fuel, or equipment on an aircraft. When attached by a pylon entirely outside the airframe, it is sometimes called a pod, in which case it is attached ...

-like bodies). The booms may contain ancillary items such as fuel tanks and/or provide a supporting structure for other items. Typically, twin tailbooms support the tail surfaces, although on some types such as the Rutan Model 72 Grizzly the booms run forward of the wing. The twin-boom configuration is distinct from twin-fuselage designs in that it retains a central fuselage.

Design

The twin-boom configuration is distinct from the twin fuselage type in having a separate, short fuselage housing the pilot and payload. It has been adopted to resolve various design problems with the conventional

empennage The empennage ( or ), also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third ed ...

for aircraft in different roles.

Engine mounting

For a single engine with a propeller in the

pusher configuration In an aircraft with a pusher configuration (as opposed to a tractor configuration), the propeller(s) are mounted behind their respective engine(s). Since a pusher propeller is mounted behind the engine, the drive shaft is in compression in nor ...

or a

jet engine A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term ...

, a conventional tail requires the propeller or exhaust to be moved far aft, requiring either a very long driveshaft or jet pipe and thus reducing propulsive efficiency. The twin-boom configuration allows a much shorter and more efficient installation. The Saab 21 was originally built as a pusher type and was later adapted to jet power as the 21R. In these designs, the tailplane (horizontal stabilizer) is typically high-mounted on twin tail fins to keep it clear of the engine wake. The Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne and

SpaceShipTwo The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California-based company owned by Virgin Galactic. SpaceShipTwo is car ...

sub-orbital spaceplanes adopted twin booms with

outboard tail An outboard tail is a type of aircraft tail or empennage which is split in two, with each half mounted on a short boom just behind and outboard of each wing tip. It comprises outboard horizontal stabilizers (OHS) and may or may not include addition ...

s or outboard horizontal stabilizers (OHS) to keep the airframe clear of the more widely-spreading rocket engine exhaust. Twin booms have also been adopted for twin-engined designs where the engine system includes bulky additional items such as turbochargers and heat exchangers, taking up a large volume of space. Examples include the

Lockheed P-38 Lightning The Lockheed P-38 Lightning is an American single-seat, twin piston-engined fighter aircraft that was used during World War II. Developed for the United States Army Air Corps by the Lockheed Corporation, the P-38 incorporated a distinctive twi ...

Field of view

For a rear observation or gunnery position to have an unobstructed field of view, placing it at the rear of a conventional tail moves it so far aft that problems arise with the centre of mass and balancing the aircraft. Getting rid of the conventional empennage allows the rear position to be located more forward, resolving the balance problem. An example is provided by the Focke-Wulf Fw 189. However the twin booms and bridging tailplane still obstruct the field of view to some extent and guns in this position are especially restricted in firing to the side.

Transport access

Loading and unloading large freight or cargo items such as vehicles and containers requires large access doors. In conventional designs these doors must be located at the nose or side of the fuselage, necessitating heavy reinforcement of the main structure. Side doors limit the length of an item to the width of the door and access may also be obstructed by engines or undercarriage. The twin-boom configuration allows a large door to be placed at the rear of the fuselage, free from obstruction by the tail assembly, as on the

Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy The Armstrong Whitworth Argosy was a British post-war Military transport aircraft, transport/cargo aircraft; it was the final aircraft to be designed and produced by aviation company Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. Although given different inter ...

. However access to the rear door remains limited, especially for trucks backing up to it, and a high-mounted conventional rear fuselage is often preferred.

Efficiency

Twin booms typically offer greater drag than a conventional arrangement. They are also typically shallower than the fuselage and thus inherently less stiff, requiring additional reinforcement to maintain a rigid tail position in pitch. On the other hand, tip effects on the tailplane are avoided and it is supported at both ends, allowing it to be made smaller and lighter. Moreover, span loading along the wing can reduce the structural forces between the booms and thus overall weight. Some modern high-efficiency designs have twin booms which distribute the load along the wing span and/or stiffen the overall structure. Capable of flying non-stop round the world, the Rutan Voyager was a

canard Canard is French for duck, a type of aquatic bird. Canard may also refer to: Aviation *Canard (aeronautics), a small wing in front of an aircraft's main wing * Aviafiber Canard 2FL, a single seat recreational aircraft of canard design * Blé ...

design with tractor propeller, in which the twin booms extended forwards to brace the foreplane as well as aft to support twin fins. The later Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer was jet propelled but with a similar range, still with large twin booms to accommodate the jet fuel in a lightweight span-loaded structure, but with a small conventional tail on each boom.

History

Twin boom designs can trace their history back to the lattices of booms used on many early boxkite aircraft. With the recognition of the tremendous drag these imposed, more compact structures covered in fabric were developed during the

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. Prime examples include the Caproni series of trimotor bombers. Around the same time, the first wooden monocoque fuselages appeared, and it wasn't long before this technique was applied to provide twin booms. Possibly the first of these was the pre-war

Nieuport pusher Nieuport, later Nieuport-Delage, was a French aeroplane company that primarily built racing aircraft before World War I and fighter aircraft during World War I and between the wars. History Beginnings Originally formed as Nieuport-Duplex in ...

, which used paper impregnated with

Bakelite Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, better known as Bakelite ( ), is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The first plastic made from synthetic components, it was developed ...

however the most successful were the

AGO C.I The AGO C.I was a First World War German pusher reconnaissance biplane that used a pod-and-boom configuration. Development The crew and pusher engine shared a central nacelle, and the twin booms carried the tail and the four-wheeled landing ge ...

and C.II which used a more conventional wooden shell, built up from strips of wood glued over a form. With the development of

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

stressed skin monocoques later in World War I, the same technique was extended to twin boom designs, beginning in the 1920s. Most of the early designs used twin booms to clear a rear mounted propeller, however even in World War I, several larger aircraft used them to provide a gunner with the ability to cover the underside of the tail without having to have the weight at the very extreme end of the aircraft where it posed balance and control problems. Only in World War II, with the increasing prevalence of transporting bulky items and vehicles by air was the utility of a rear door, in line with the cabin to ease loading realized, and with it, the utility of moving the rear fuselage structure to the sides to avoid excessive height in the rear fuselage as on the

Gotha Go 242 The Gotha Go 242 was a transport glider used by the ''Luftwaffe The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luf ...

glider. With the beginning of the jet age, the need for clearance for the propeller was replaced with the need to provide a clear path for hot exhaust gases. Jet engine efficiency was hampered by long intake and exhaust trunks, as were used on many early designs, and one solution was to use twin booms to shorten the exhaust trunking to the minimum, such as de Havilland used on their successful

Vampire A vampire is a mythical creature that subsists by feeding on the Vitalism, vital essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living. In European folklore, vampires are undead, undead creatures that often visited loved ones and caused mi ...

and

Venom Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...

jet fighters. A small number of designs used twin booms for other reasons, most notable being the

, whose booms contained the overly lengthy engine turbo-superchargers, which would have made for an unusually long nacelle. The final use for a twin boom to be developed was in tying together very high aspect ratio wings and canards as on the Rutan Voyager, to reduce flexing, and the weight needed to otherwise constrain it. Also, by having the mass from most of the fuel mid-span, it reduces the forces on the wings considerably, much in the same manner mounting the engines mid-span on most jet transports does. Despite these anticipated benefits, twin booms remain unusual. For most cases, the booms are less efficient structurally in providing pitch stiffness, and produce more drag. In the case of those using twin booms to improve the field of fire downwards, it severely reduces it laterally, and often directly astern. For transports, the booms may facilitate access to the fuselage, but trucks then have to be extremely careful to not hit parts of the aircraft that they are then getting closer to. As a result, the C-119 remained an anomaly, and most successful post-war transports, such as the

C-130 Hercules The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed Corporation, Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin). Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 ...

, reverted to a single rear fuselage.

List of twin-boom aircraft

, - , AAI RQ-7 Shadow, , US, , UAV, , UAV, , 1991, , , , , , , - , Abrams P-1 Explorer, , US, , Propeller, , Survey, , 1937, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

AD Seaplane Type 1000 The AD Seaplane Type 1000 also known as the Admiralty Type 1000 and the AD.1 (from Air Department) was a British seaplane of the First World War designed to attack German warships. When it first flew, it was the largest British aircraft yet to ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - , Adam A500, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 2002, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Adam A700 The Adam A700 AdamJet was a proposed six-seat civil utility aircraft developed by Adam Aircraft Industries starting in 2003. The aircraft was developed in parallel with the generally similar Adam A500, although while that aircraft is piston-engin ...

, , US, , Jet, , Transport, , 2003 , , Prototype, , , , , - ,

ADI Condor The ADI Condor was a motor glider of unusual configuration built in the United States in 1981. While most motor gliders follow traditional sailplane layout, the Condor was of twin-boom configuration, with twin, inwardly canted tail fins joined at ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Motor glider, , 1981 , , Prototype, , , , , - , AeroRIK Dingo, , Russia, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1997, , Prototype, , -5, , , - ,

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1915 , , Production, , , , , - ,

AGO C.II The AGO C.II was a German reconnaissance biplane of World War I. It was essentially a slightly redesigned version of the manufacturer's C.I design with a more powerful engine and 3-bay wings. Two examples were equipped with floats (designation ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1915 , , Production, , , , , - , AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac, , South Africa, , Propeller, , Attack, , 2014, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Air Utility AU-18 The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1945, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Airmaster Avalon 680 is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yokusaru Shibata. It was serialized in Hakusensha's ''seinen'' manga magazine ''Young Animal'' from 1996 to 2006, with its chapters collected in twenty-eight ''tankōbon'' volumes. The s ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1983, , Prototype, , , , , , - ,

Airsport Song The Airsport Song is a Czech ultralight aircraft, designed by Marek Ivanov and produced by Airsport of Zbraslavice. Design and development The aircraft was designed to comply with the LTF-L 120 kg, US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles and English ...

, , Czech Republic , , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 2009 , , Production, , unk., , , - ,

AISA GN __NOTOC__ The AISA GN was a prototype four-seat autogyro developed in Spain between 1971 and 1982. it featured an extensively-glazed cabin fitted with a pusher engine and tricycle undercarriage. A separate tail fin was carried at the end of two ...

, , Spain, , Autogyro, , Utility, , 1982, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Akaflieg Stuttgart fs28 The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs28, nicknamed ''Avispa'' (Spanish: Wasp) is a single engine, twin boom pusher configuration light sports and utility aircraft designed at the University of Stuttgart in West Germany in the 1970s. Unusually, it has an in ...

Avispa, , Germany, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1972, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Alaparma Baldo The Alaparma Baldo was an unusual two-seat light monoplane produced in Italy shortly after World War II. Designed by Adriano Mantelli, it featured an egg-shaped fuselage with cabin doors that hinged upwards and to the back. The Empennage, conventi ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1949, , Production, , ca., , , - ,

Alenia Aermacchi Sky-Y The Italian Alenia Aeronautica Sky-Y is a self-financed MALE Unmanned air vehicle for demonstration and research purpose; on 30 October 2007 it set a new European endurance record in the over 1000 kg category with a spotless eight-hour fli ...

, , Italy, , UAV, , UAV, , 2007, , , , , , , - ,

American Gyro AG-4 Crusader The American Gyro AG-4 Crusader is a small twin engine aircraft. The aircraft was designed as the Shelton Flying Wing in 1933 by Thomas Miles Shelton. Design The AG-4 was developed using wind tunnel tests. The American Gyro AG-4 Crusader is an ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1935, , Prototype, , , , , - , Antonov LEM-2/OKA-33, , USSR, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1937, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Anderson Greenwood AG-14 The Anderson Greenwood AG-14 is a two-seat utility aircraft developed in the United States shortly after World War II. It is an all-metal, shoulder-wing monoplane of pod-and-boom configuration, equipped with a pusher propeller, side-by-side seat ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - , ANTEX-M, , Portugal, , UAV, , UAV, , 2002, , , , , , , - , Antonov A-40, , USSR, , Glider, , Transport, , 1942, , Prototype, , , , , - , Arado E.340, , Germany, , Propeller, , Bomber, , n/a, , Project, , , , , - , Armstechno NITI, , Bulgaria, , UAV, , UAV, , 2006, , , , , , , - ,

, , UK, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1959, , Production, , , , , - ,

Arpin A-1 __NOTOC__ The Arpin A-1 was a two-seat low-wing monoplane which was powered by a single radial engine in pusher configuration, mounted behind the cabin between twin booms that carried the tail. An unconventional fixed tricycle undercarriage wa ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1938, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

AVE Mizar The AVE Mizar (named after the star Mizar) was a roadable aircraft built between 1971 and 1973 by Advanced Vehicle Engineers (AVE) of Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California. The company was started by Henry Smolinski and Harold Blake, both graduates o ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Flying car, , 1973, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

BAE Systems Phoenix The BAE Systems Phoenix (originally GEC-Marconi Phoenix) was an all-weather, day or night, real-time surveillance Unmanned Air Vehicle. It had a twin-boom UAV with a surveillance pod, from which the imagery was data linked to a ground contr ...

, , UK, , UAV, , UAV, , 1986, , , , , , , - ,

BAE Systems SkyEye The BAE Systems SkyEye is a reconnaissance UAV developed in the United States in the early 1970s by Developmental Sciences Inc, later called Developmental Sciences Corporation, a division of Lear Astronics Corporation and ultimately part of BA ...

, , UK, , UAV, , UAV, , 1973, , , , , , , - ,

BAT Crow The BAT F.K.28 Crow was a British single-seat ultralight aircraft produced by British Aerial Transport Company Limited of London. It was intended to be the "aerial equivalent of the motor cycle". Design and development The smallest of designs ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 1920, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Baykar Bayraktar TB2 The Bayraktar TB2 is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations. It is manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş ...

, , Turkey, , UAV, , UAV, , 2014, , , , , , , - ,

Baykar Bayraktar TB3 The Baykar Bayraktar TB3 is a Turkish medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) capable of short-range landing and take-off, produced by Baykar. It is currently being developed due to the lack of aircraft to be d ...

, , Turkey, , UAV, , UAV, , 2022, , Project, , , , , - ,

Bell XP-52 The Bell XP-52 and subsequent XP-59 were World War II fighter aircraft design projects by the American Bell Aircraft Corporation. Both projects featured a twin-boom layout with a rear-mounted engine driving pusher contra-rotating propellers. ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1940, , Project, , , , , - , Belyayev EOI, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1939, , Project, , , , , - , Bendix 51 & 51A, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1945, , Prototype, , , , , - , Bestetti BN.1, , Italy, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1940, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Blériot 125 __NOTOC__ The Blériot 125 (or Bl-125) was a highly unusual France, French airliner of the early 1930s. Displayed at the 1930 ''Salon de l'Aéronautique'' in Paris, it featured accommodation for twelve passengers in separate twin-fuselage aircraf ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1931, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Blohm & Voss BV 138 The Blohm & Voss BV 138 ''Seedrache'' (Sea Dragon), but nicknamed ''Der Fliegende Holzschuh'' ("flying clog",Nowarra 1997, original German title of the Schiffer book. from the side-view shape of its fuselage, as well as a play on the title of th ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1937, , Production, , , , , - ,

Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack The Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack, company name Integrator, is an American unmanned air vehicle designed and built by Boeing Insitu to meet a United States Navy requirement for a small tactical unmanned air system (STUAS). It is a twin-boom, si ...

, , US, , UAV, , UAV, , 2012, , , , , , , - ,

Bryan Autoplane The Bryan Autoplanes were a series of three experimental roadable aircraft. Development Leland Bryan built his roadable aircraft in the town of Milford, Michigan. As a roadable aircraft the aircraft was required to be registered by both the Civ ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Flying car, , 1953, , Prototype, , , , , - , Bryant Dole Racer Angel of Los Angeles, , US, , Propeller, , Racer, , 1927, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Burnelli CBY-3 The Burnelli CBY-3 Loadmaster is an unconventional transport aircraft that was designed by American engineer Vincent Burnelli and built in Canada in 1944 by Canadian Car and Foundry. Design and development The CBY-3 " lifting fuselage" was an ev ...

, , Canada, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1944, , Prototype, , , , , - , Burnelli GX-3, , US, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1929, , Prototype, , , , , - , Burnelli UB-14, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1934, , Prototype, , , , , - , Burnelli UB-20, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1930, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Buscaylet-de Monge 7-4 The Buscaylet-de Monge 7-4 was a small, French, twin-boom aircraft without a fuselage, built in the mid-1920s to explore the characteristics of a proposed larger machine. Design and development The de Monge 7-4 was designed and built to provid ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1923, , Prototype, , , , , - , Buscaylet-de Monge 7-5, , France, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1925, , Prototype, , , , , - , Campbell Model F, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1935, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Canaero Toucan The Canaero Toucan is a Canadian high-wing, two seats in tandem, twin engine push-pull configuration, twin-boom ultralight kit aircraft that was produced from 1983 to the late 1980s by Canaero Dynamics Aircraft of Rexdale, Ontario.Taylor, John ...

, , Canada, , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 1983, , Production, , +, , , - , Caproni Ca.1, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1914, , Production, , , , , - ,

Caproni Ca.2 __NOTOC__ The Caproni Ca.2 was an Italian heavy bomber of the World War I era. Development The Ca.2 was a minor development of the Caproni Ca.1 (1914), Caproni Ca.1 twin-boom bomber of 1914. It had become evident early in the Ca.1's service lif ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1915, , Production, , , , , - ,

Caproni Ca.3 The Caproni Ca.3 is an Italian heavy bomber of World War I and the postwar era. It was the most produced version of the series of aircraft that began with the 1914 Caproni Ca.1 and continued until the more powerful 1917 Caproni Ca.5 variant. ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1916, , Production, , -383, , , - ,

Caproni Ca.4 The Caproni Ca.4 was an Italian heavy bomber of the World War I era. Development After designing the successful Ca.3, Gianni Caproni of the Caproni works designed a much bigger aircraft. It shared the unusual layout of the Caproni Ca.3, being a ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1917, , Production, , -53, , , - ,

Caproni Ca.5 The Caproni Ca.5 was an Italian heavy bomber of World War I and the postwar era. It was the final version of the series of aircraft that began with the Caproni Ca.1 (1914), Caproni Ca.1 in 1914. Development By late World War I, developments in ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1917, , Production, , , , , - ,

Caproni Ca.37 The Caproni Ca.37 was a ground attack aircraft designed and built in Italy by Caproni Caproni, also known as ''Società de Agostini e Caproni'' and ''Società Caproni e Comitti'', was an Italian aircraft manufacturer. Its main base of operat ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Caproni Ca.61 The Caproni Ca.61 was an Italian heavy day bomber aircraft of 1922. It was the final development of the Caproni three engine, twin boom biplane types developed during World War I, but it was not put into production. Development The Caproni Ca. ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1922, , Prototype, , -2, , , - , CarterCopter, , US, , Autogyro, , Transport, , 1998, , Prototype, , , , , - , Celier Xenon 2, , Poland, , Autogyro, , Utility, , 2005, , Production, , +, , , - , Cessna Skymaster, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1961, , Production, , , , , - ,

Cessna XMC The Cessna XMC was a prototype technology demonstrator designed to show advanced aerodynamics and materials. The marketing name of XMC stood for "Experimental Magic Carpet" with the single test aircraft designated Cessna 1014 and later 1034 in ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1971, , Prototype, , , , , - , Commuter Craft Innovator, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 2015, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Conroy Stolifter The Conroy Stolifter was a conversion of the Cessna 337 Super Skymaster, developed by John M. Conroy of Conroy Aircraft starting in 1968. Development The Stolifter was created by removing the Skymaster's rear engine and replacing the forward eng ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1968, , Prototype, , , , , - , Continental KB-1, , US, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - , Convair 106 Skycoach, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1946, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Convair Model 48 Charger The Convair Model 48 Charger was a prototype light attack and observation aircraft of the 1960s, developed to meet a requirement for a dedicated counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft. It was a two-seat, twin-boom aircraft powered by two turboprop ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1964, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Creative Flight Aerocat The Creative Flight Aerocat is a Canadian mid-wing, all composite, four passenger experimental aircraft that can be configured for amphibious float operations. Under development since 1998, the aircraft is intended to be supplied in kit form by ...

, , Canada, , Propeller, , Transport, , 2001, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Cunliffe-Owen OA-1 The Burnelli UB-14, also known as the Cunliffe-Owen Clyde Clipper, was a 1930s American prototype lifting-fuselage airliner designed and built by Vincent Burnelli. Design and development Following on from his earlier designs Vincent Burnelli de ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Curtis Wright 21 Curtis or Curtiss is a common English given name and surname of Anglo-Norman origin from the Old French ''curteis'' (Modern French ''courtois'') which derived from the Spanish Cortés (of which Cortez is a variation) and the Portuguese and Gal ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Curtiss Autoplane The Curtiss Autoplane, invented by Glenn Curtiss in 1917, is widely considered the first attempt to build a roadable aircraft. Although the vehicle was capable of lifting off the ground, it never achieved full flight. Development and design The ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Flying car, , 1917, , Project, , , , , - ,

Curtiss CT The Curtiss CT-1 model 24, a twin engine torpedo bomber mounted on floats, was first flown in 1921. Development The US Navy was looking for a new torpedo bomber following a demonstration of sinking a battleship with an aircraft. A specification ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1921, , Prototype, , , , , - , De Havilland Sea Vixen, , UK, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1951, , Production, , , , , - , De Havilland Vampire, , UK, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1943, , Production, , , , , - , De Havilland Venom & Sea Venom, , UK, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1952, , Production, , , , , - , De Schelde S.20, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Trainer, , 1940, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

De Schelde S.21 The De Schelde S.21 was a proposed Dutch fighter of the late 1930s and early 1940s. It was a single-seat, single-engined, pusher monoplane. A single prototype was under construction in 1940, but work was abandoned due to the German invasion. D ...

, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1940, , Project, , , , , - , Difoga 421, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1946, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 The Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 was a large three engine French airliner with a thick airfoil centre section which accommodated the passengers. Two fuselages, part of the centre section at the front but distinct further aft, carried the empennage. Fi ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1929, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Doblhoff WNF 342 __NOTOC__ The Doblhoff/WNF 342 was the first helicopter to take off and land using tip jets to drive the rotor. Development The WNF 342 was designed for a German Navy requirement for an observation platform for use from small ships and submarines ...

, , Germany, , Helicopter, , Reconnaissance, , 1943, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

DRDO Nishant The DRDO Nishant is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by India's Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), a branch of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Armed Forces. The Nishant UAV is primarily task ...

, , India, , UAV, , UAV, , 1996, , , , , , , - ,

Edgley Optica The Edgley EA-7 Optica is a British light aircraft designed for low-speed observation work, and intended as a low-cost alternative to helicopters. The Optica has a loiter speed of 130 km/h (70 kn; 81 mph) and a stall speed of 108 ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1979, , Production, , , , , - , Eldred Flyer's Dream, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1946, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Emsco B-8 Flying Wing The Emsco B-8 was a two-seat, single-engine, low-wing, twin boom experimental aircraft designed by Charles F. Rocheville in 1930 while he was vice president of Emsco Aircraft Corporation, Long Beach, California. Development Rocheville sough ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Record, , 1930, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Fairchild C-82 Packet The C-82 Packet is a twin-engine, twin-boom cargo aircraft designed and built by Fairchild Aircraft. It was used briefly by the United States Army Air Forces and the successor United States Air Force following World War II. Design and develop ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1944, , Production, , , , , - ,

Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar The Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (Navy and Marine Corps designation R4Q) was an American military transport aircraft developed from the World War II-era Fairchild C-82 Packet, designed to carry cargo, personnel, litter patients, and mechani ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1947, , Production, , , , , - ,

Fairchild XC-120 Packplane The Fairchild XC-120 Packplane was an American experimental modular aircraft first flown in 1950. It was developed from the company's C-119 Flying Boxcar, and was unique in the unconventional use of removable cargo pods that were attached below t ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1950, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Fieseler Fi 168 __NOTOC__ The Fieseler Fi 168 was a projected German ground attack aircraft designed in 1938 by Frederik Kassel, who created the aircraft after a request from the '' Technisches Amt'' (Technical Department) of the RLM ''Reichsluftfahrtministerium ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1938, , Project, , , , , - , Focke-Wulf Fw 189, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1938, , Production, , , , , - ,

Focke-Wulf Flitzer The Focke-Wulf ''Flitzer'' ("streaker" or "dasher", sometimes incorrectly translated as "madcap") was a jet fighter under development in Germany at the end of World War II. Development The design, also called Entwurf VI, had a central fuselage a ...

, , Germany, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1944, , Project, , , , , - ,

Focke-Wulf Project VIII __NOTOC__ The Focke-Wulf ''Peterle'' was a design study for a turboprop-powered fighter-bomber, undertaken in Germany during World War II. Development It was based on the work previously done on Focke-Wulf Flitzer The Focke-Wulf ''Flitzer'' (" ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Fighter, , n/a, , Project, , , , , - ,

Fokker D.XXIII The Fokker D.XXIII was a Dutch single-seat fighter designed and built by Fokker. Only one aircraft was flown before the country was invaded by the Germans in May 1940. Development The Fokker D.XXIII was designed as a twin-engined single-seat ...

, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - , Fokker F.25, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1946, , Production, , , , , - ,

Fokker G.I The Fokker G.I was a Dutch twin-engined heavy fighter aircraft comparable in size and role to the German Messerschmitt Bf 110. Although in production prior to World War II, its combat introduction came at a time the Netherlands were overrun by t ...

, , Netherlands, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1937, , Production, , , , , - , Friedrichshafen FF.34, , Germany, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - , General Airborne XCG-16, , US, , Glider, , Transport, , 1943, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

General Aircraft Cagnet The General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet was a British light trainer aircraft designed by General Aircraft Ltd which flew from 1939 to 1941. Only one example was constructed. Design The Cagnet was a two-seat pusher propeller aircraft. The side-by- ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Trainer, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - , General Aircraft GAL.47, , UK, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1940, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Ghods Mohajer The Qods Mohajer ( fa, مهاجر, "Immigrant"; loanword is Arabic for "holy migrant" or "sacred migrant") is an Iranian single-engine tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) built by the Qods Aviation Industry Company in four main variants from ...

, , Iran, , UAV, , UAV, , 1981, , , , , , , - ,

, , Germany, , Glider, , Transport, , 1941, , Production, , , , , - ,

Gotha Go 244 The Gotha Go 244 was a transport aircraft used by the ''Luftwaffe'' during World War II. Development The Go 244 was the powered version of the Gotha Go 242 military glider transport. Studies for powered versions of the Go 242 began early in the ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1942, , Production, , , , , - , Gotha WD.3, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1915, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Grahame-White Ganymede The Grahame-White Ganymede was a prototype British heavy night bomber intended to serve with the Royal Air Force in the First World War. A large, three-engined, twin-boom biplane, the sole prototype Ganymede did not fly until after the war ha ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1918, , Prototype, , , , , - , Groen Hawk 4, , US, , Autogyro, , Utility, , 1997, , Prototype, , , , , - , Grokhovsky G-37, , USSR, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1934, , Prototype, , , , , - , Grokhovsky G-38, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter-bomber, , 1934, , Project, , , , , - , Grokhovsky G-39 Cucaracha, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1935, , Prototype, , , , , - , Häfeli DH-1, , Switzerland, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1916, , Production, , , , , - ,

Hanriot H.110 The Hanriot H.110 was an unusual pusher configuration, twin boom, single seat fighter aircraft built in France in the early 1930s. It proved to be slower and less manoeuvrable than its contemporaries and failed to reach production, even as the Ha ...

& H.115, , France, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1933, , Prototype, , , , , - , Henderson H.S.F.1, , UK, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1929, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Heston JC.6 The Heston JC.6 was a British prototype air observation post aircraft designed and built by the Heston Aircraft Company Limited, who had previously built the Heston Phoenix, the Heston T.1/37 and the Napier-Heston Racer. The JC.6 was also kno ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Hughes D-2 The Hughes D-2 was an American fighter and bomber project begun by Howard Hughes as a private venture. It never proceeded past the flight testing phase but was the predecessor of the Hughes XF-11. The sole D-2 was completed in 1942–1943. De ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter-bomber, , 1942, , Prototype, , , , , - , Hughes XF-11, , US, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1946, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

HWL Pegaz HWL Pegaz was the first Polish post-war motor glider, a single-seat mid-wing monoplane with a pusher propeller and twin tail boom, which was designed and constructed by Tadeusz Chyliński and was built in Warsaw-Goclaw Aircraft Plant 6.*''The 85th ...

, , Poland, , Propeller, , Motor glider, , 1949, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Hydra Technologies Ehécatl The S4 Ehécatl is an unmanned aerial vehicle developed and manufactured by Hydra Technologies of Mexico which, except for its infrared thermal sensor system, is the first of its type to be completely designed and manufactured in Mexico. It is nam ...

, , Mexico, , UAV, , UAV, , 2006, , , , , , , - ,

IAI Arava The Israeli Aircraft Industries Arava ( he, עֲרָבָה, "Willow" or "Steppe" of "Desert", named after the Aravah of the Jordan Rift Valley) is a light STOL utility transport aircraft developed and produced by Israeli aerospace company Israe ...

, , Israel, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1969, , Production, , , , , - ,

IAI Heron The IAI Heron (Machatz-1) is a medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Malat (UAV) division of Israel Aerospace Industries. It is capable of Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) operations of up to 52 h ...

, , Israel, , UAV, , UAV, , 1994, , , , , , , - ,

IAI Scout The IAI Scout (known in Israel under its Hebrew name זהבן - " Oriole") is a reconnaissance unmanned air vehicle developed in Israel in the 1970s by Israel Aircraft Industries as a competitor to the Tadiran Mastiff. The project was led by Char ...

, , Israel, , UAV, , UAV, , 1981, , , , , , , - ,

IAI Searcher The IAI Searcher (also known by the Hebrew name מרומית ''Meyromit'' - "Marsh tern", or officially in Israel as the חוגלה ''Hugla'' - "Alectoris") is a reconnaissance UAV developed in Israel in the 1980s. In the following decade, it re ...

, , Israel, , UAV, , UAV, , 1992, , , , , , , - ,

Ikarus 452M The Ikarus 452 was an experimental jet aircraft built in Yugoslavia in 1953. It was a stubby mid-wing cantilever monoplane of pod-and-boom configuration, with twin jets mounted one atop the other at the rear of the fuselage nacelle, with separate ...

, , Yugoslavia, , Jet, , Experimental, , 1953, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Ion Aircraft Ion The Ion Aircraft Ion is a two-seat, twin boom, pusher configuration light aircraft based on the DreamWings Valkyrie. It was still in development in 2010 but is intended either for homebuilding from kits or flyaway production, with versions ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 2007, , Prototype, , , , , - , I.S.T. XL-15 Tagak, , Philippines, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1954, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Johns Multiplane The Johns Multiplane was a very large unsuccessful experimental aircraft having seven wings and six ailerons, powered by three Liberty L-12 V-12 aircraft engines. The machine had the appearance of a biplane spliced onto the front of a triplane wi ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1919, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Kalinin K-7 The Kalinin K-7 (russian: Калинин К-7) was a heavy experimental aircraft designed and tested in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. It was of unusual configuration, with twin booms and large underwing pods housing fixed landing gear an ...

, , USSR, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1933, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Kaman HH-43 Huskie The Kaman HH-43 Huskie is a helicopter with intermeshing rotors used by the United States Air Force, the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps from the 1950s until the 1970s. It was primarily used for aircraft firefighting and re ...

, , US, , Helicopter, , Utility, , 1947, , Production, , , , , - , Kamov Ka-26, , USSR, , Helicopter, , Utility, , 1965, , Production, , , , , - ,

Kamov Ka-126 The Kamov Ka-126 (NATO reporting name Hoodlum) is a Soviet light utility helicopter with co-axial rotors. Evolved from Ka-26 with engine pods removed from stub wings, fitted with one TVO-100 turboshaft engine positioned on top of fuselage, mod ...

, , USSR, , Helicopter, , Utility, , 1988, , Production, , , , , - , Kamov Ka-226, , Russia, , Helicopter, , Utility, , 1997, , Production, , , , , - , Kingsford Smith PL.7, , Australia, , Propeller, , Agricultural, , 1956, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Kokusai Ki-105 Otori The Kokusai Ku-7 ''Manazuru'' (真鶴 "white-naped crane"; Allied code-name Buzzard) was a large experimental twin boom Japanese military glider. Design and development An enlarged version of the earlier Maeda Ku-1 glider, it was developed duri ...

, , Japan, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1945, , Prototype, , , , , - , Kokusai Ku-7, , Japan, , Glider, , Transport, , 1942, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1 The Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1 was an unusual twin boom, pusher configuration motor glider, designed and built in Germany in the 1970s and intended as a training aircraft. Design and development The Kora was a two-seat side by side motorglider, ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Motor glider, , 1973, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Larkin Skylark The Larkin Skylark is single-engine amphibious homebuilt aircraft. Only one aircraft was built and flown in 1973. Design The Skylark is a pusher-style design with a single Volkswagen air-cooled engine above and behind the fully enclosed cockpit. ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1973, , Prototype, , , , , - , Lawrence Special, , US, , Propeller, , Racer, , 1949, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Levasseur PL.200 The Levasseur PL.200 was an observation seaplane built by Levasseur in the mid-1930s. It was a high-wing monoplane with a short, all-metal fuselage nacelle at mid-span, and a wing made of metal. Design and development The fuselage and wings wer ...

/201, , France, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1935, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1939, , Production, , , , , - ,

Lockheed XP-49 The Lockheed XP-49 (company Model 522) was an advancement on the P-38 Lightning for a fighter in response to U.S. Army Air Corps proposal 39-775. Intended to use the new 24-cylinder Pratt & Whitney X-1800 engine, this proposal, which was for an ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1942, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning The Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning was an American long-range fighter developed during World War II. Although derived from the successful P-38 Lightning, the XP-58 was plagued by technical problems with its engines that eventually led to the pro ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1944, , Prototype, , , , , - , Lloyd 40.08 Luftkreuzer, , Germany, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

LWF model H Owl The L-W-F Model H Owl was a large American twin-boom aircraft, twin-boom trimotor biplane designed and built by Lowe, Willard & Fowler Engineering Company, LWF Engineering as a mail plane in 1920, but after being rejected for that role, the sin ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1919, , Prototype, , , , , - , Maeda Ku-1, , Japan, , Glider, , Trainer, , 1941, , Production, , , , , - , Macchi M.12, , Italy, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1918, , Production, , ca., , , - ,

Mansyū Ki-98 The Mansyū Ki-98, (also written as Manshū Ki-98), was a Japanese ground-attack aircraft proposed by Mansyū (''Manshūkoku Hikōki K.K.'' - Manchuria Airplane Manufacturing Company Ltd.) during World War II for use by the Imperial Japanese Ar ...

, , Japan, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1945, , Prototype, , , , , - , McCulloch J-2, , US, , Autogyro, , Utility, , 1962, , Production, , +, , , - , McDonnell XV-1, , US, , Autogyro, , Experimental, , 1954, , Prototype, , , , , - , McGaffey Aviate, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1935, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Millet Lagarde ML-10 The Millet Lagarde ML-10 was a French experimental single-engine light aircraft of the late 1940s. This strange biplane model, which first flew on 28 October 1949, was designed as the first of two examples. Development The Millet Lagarde ML-1 ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1949, , Prototype, , , , , - , Mikoyan MiG-110, , Russia, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1995, , Project, , , , , - ,

Mirach 26 The Mirach 26 is a reconnaissance UAV developed in Italy during the 1990s, based on the Mirach 20 target drone. The initial work on the design was carried out by Meteor CAE before this company was absorbed by Galileo Avionica, than Selex ES (me ...

, , Italy, , UAV, , UAV, , 1992, , , , , , , - ,

Mitsubishi J4M The Mitsubishi J4M ''Senden'' (閃電 "Flashing Lightning") or Navy Experimental 17-''Shi Otsu'' B Type Interceptor Fighter ''Senden'', Allied reporting name Luke, was a Japanese World War II fighter aircraft proposed by Mitsubishi Heavy Indu ...

, , Japan, , Propeller, , Fighter, , n/a, , Project, , , , , - ,

Moskalyev SAM-13 The Moskalyev SAM-13 ( Russian: ''Москалев САМ-13'') was a prototype twin-engined single-seat low-wing fighter built in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Design and development The design of the SAM-13 followed similar principles to th ...

, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1940, , Prototype, , , , , - , Moskalyev SAM-23, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1943, , Project, , , , , - , Myasishchev M-17 and M-55, , USSR, , Jet, , Reconnaissance, , 1978, , Production, , +, , , - ,

Nieuport seaplane pusher Nieuport, later Nieuport-Delage, was a French aeroplane company that primarily built racing aircraft before World War I and fighter aircraft during World War I and between the wars. History Beginnings Originally formed as Nieuport-Duplex in ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1913, , Prototype, , , , , - , Nord Noratlas, , France, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1949, , Production, , , , , - ,

North American OV-10 Bronco The North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco is an American twin-turboprop light attack and observation aircraft. It was developed in the 1960s as a special aircraft for counter-insurgency (COIN) combat, and one of its primary missions was as a f ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1965, , Production, , , , , - , Northrop F-15 Reporter, , US, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1945, , Production, , , , , - ,

Northrop Flying Wing Northrop may refer to: Businesses * Northrop Corporation, an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1939 * Northrop Grumman, an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1994 as a merger of the above company with Grumman * Northrop Loom, an Americ ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1929, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Northrop Grumman Firebird The Northrop Grumman Firebird is an intelligence gathering aircraft designed by Northrop Grumman's subsidiary Scaled Composites which can be flown remotely or by a pilot. At Scaled, it is known as the Model 355. It was unveiled on May 9, 2011. ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 2010, , Prototype, , , , , - , Northrop P-61 Black Widow, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1942, , Production, , , , , - ,

NPO Molniya Molniya-1 The Molniya-1 is a six-seater utility aircraft designed and built in Russia during the 1990s. Design and development The Molniya-1 six-seat aircraft is a three surface design with a forward balanced canard surface and a square section fuselage ...

, , Russia, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1992, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

OMA SUD Skycar __NOTOC__ The OMA SUD Skycar is an Italian twin-engined five-seat piston-engined pusher configuration monoplane designed and built by OMA SUD SpA based in Capua. Design and development The Skycar is an unusual twin-engined pusher-configuration ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Utility, , 2007, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Otto C.I The Otto C.I, also known as the Otto KD.15, was a German two-seat biplane reconnaissance and bomber aircraft of the First World War designed and produced by Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik. The C.I was a rare example of an aircraft flown by the Central Po ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1915, , Production, , , , , - ,

PAL-V PAL-V (Personal Air and Land Vehicle) is a Dutch company that is involved in the development of a commercial flying car, the PAL-V Liberty The PAL-V Liberty is a combination of a three-wheeled car and an autogyro, or gyroplane under development ...

, , Netherlands, , Helicopter, , Flying car, , 2012, , Prototype, , , , , - , Piper PA-7 Skycoupe, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1944, , Prototype, , , , , - , Pitcairn XO-61, , US, , Autogyro, , Reconnaissance, , 1943, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Pocino PJ.1A The Pocino PJ.1A Toucan is a French, single seat, twin boom light aircraft of pusher configuration which first flew in 1989. The single example remained active until at least 2007. Design and development José Pocino's Toucan has a pod style f ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 1989, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Portsmouth Aerocar The Portsmouth Aerocar was a British light utility aircraft design of the late 1940s. It was intended to be an aircraft that could be used for a variety of tasks including transport "mobile office" but only one prototype was built being scrappe ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Potez 75 The Potez 75 was a low-cost, simple, ground-support, observation and launch aircraft for anti-tank missiles, designed and built in the early 1950s, for use in colonial conflicts. One hundred and fifteen were ordered in 1956, but cancelled in 1957 ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1953, , Prototype, , , , , - , Praga E-51, , Czechoslovakia, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1938, , Prototype, , , , , - , Puget Pacific Wheelair III-A, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - , PZL M-15 Belphegor, , Poland, , Jet, , Agricultural, , 1973, , Production, , , , , - ,

PZL M-17 The PZL M-17 "Duduś Kudłacz" (initially EM-5A) was a Polish twin-boom pusher general aviation and trainer aircraft of 1977, which remained a prototype. Design and development The aircraft was an amateur design of a team of students of Warsaw Un ...

, , Poland, , Propeller, , Trainer, , 1973, , Prototype, , , , , - , Rice Knowlton Volante, , US, , Propeller, , Flying Car, , 1981, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Rutan Grizzly The Rutan Model 72 Grizzly is a tandem-wing STOL research aircraft designed by Burt Rutan, now preserved at the EAA AirVenture Museum, Oshkosh. The aircraft exhibited excellent Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) capabilities, proving that this ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1982, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Rocheville Arctic Tern Rocheville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. See also *Communes of the Manche department The following is a list of the 446 communes of the Manche department of France. The communes cooperate in the ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Record, , 1932, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Rotor Flight Dynamics LFINO The Rotor Flight Dynamics LFINO (''Leap Flight In Normal Operations'' and pronounced by the designers as "ell if I know") is an American experimental autogyro that was designed by Ernie Boyette and Dick DeGraw, with a single prototype produced ...

, , US, , Autogyro, , Experimental, , 2006, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

RTAF-5 The RTAF-5 was a Thai training and forward air control aircraft developed and built by the Science and Weapon Systems Development Centre of the Royal Thai Air Force in the 1980s. It was a twin-boom configuration aircraft powered by a single push ...

, , Thailand, , Propeller, , Trainer, , 1984, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

RUAG Ranger RUAG Holding (originally Rüstungs Unternehmen Aktiengesellschaft; Joint Stock Defence Company) is a Swiss company specialising in aerospace engineering and the defence industry. Its headquarters are located in Bern, while it also has numerous pr ...

, , Switzerland / Israel, , UAV, , UAV, , 1999, , , , , , , - , Rutan Voyager, , US, , Propeller, , Record, , 1984, , Production, , , , , - ,

S-TEC Sentry The S-TEC Sentry is a reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (or drone), developed in the United States in the 1980s. Built by S-TEC systems of Texas (now part of DRS Unmanned Technologies), it is a battlefield mini-UAV in roughly the same ...

, , US, , UAV, , UAV, , 1986, , , , , , , - , Saab 21, , Sweden, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1943, , Production, , , , , - , Saab 21R, , Sweden, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1947, , Production, , , , , - ,

SAB AB-20 The SAB AB-20 was a large four engine twin boom French bomber built in the early 1930s as a development of the Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 airliner. It featured a lifting body of thick airfoil section between the inner engines. It was later modifie ...

& 21, , France, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1932, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Sadler Vampire The Sadler SV-1 Vampire is a single-seat ultralight sport aircraft developed in the United States in the early 1980s.''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1985–86'', p.677 It is uncharacteristic of ultralight designs in both its layout and its co ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 1982, , Production, , unk., , , - ,

SAIMAN LB.2 The SAIMAN LB.2 was an unconventional Italian two seat cabin side by side sport aircraft designed around 1937, with a single pusher configuration engine, twin tail booms and an early tricycle undercarriage. Design and development As well as it ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1937, , Prototype, , , , , - , Savoia-Marchetti S.64, , Italy, , Propeller, , Record, , 1928, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Savoia-Marchetti S.65 The Savoia-Marchetti S.65 was an Italian racing seaplane built for the 1929 Schneider Trophy race. Design and development The S.65 was a single-seat twin-engine floatplane of low-wing monoplane configuration with two floats. Its tailplane was s ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Racer, , 1929, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Savoia-Marchetti SM.88 The Savoia-Marchetti SM.88, was an Italian twin-engined, three-seat, heavy fighter prototype of World War II, featuring a twin-boom structure, and powered by German Daimler-Benz DB 601 engines. The SM.88, intended for export, was a land-based, ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Savoia-Marchetti SM.91 The Savoia-Marchetti SM.91 was a two-seat, twin-engined, Italian heavy fighter prototype, designed to compete in a 1942 revision to a long-range fighter-bomber contract offered by the ''Regia Aeronautica'' to Italian aircraft companies in 1938. The ...

, , Italy, , Propeller, , Fighter-bomber, , 1943, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Scaled Composites ARES The Scaled Composites ARES is a demonstrator aircraft built by Scaled Composites. ARES is an acronym for ''Agile Responsive Effective Support''. Development In 1981, U.S. Army Aviators Jim Kreutz and Milo Burroughs undertook a study for a ''lo ...

, , US, , Jet, , Attack, , 1990, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Scaled Composites ATTT The Scaled Composites Model 133-4.62 ATTT, or Advanced Technology Tactical Transport was a technology demonstration project built by Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites in 1986 under contract to DARPA. Design and development In the mid-1980s, the Ame ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1986, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Scaled Composites Pond Racer The Scaled Composites Pond Racer (Company designation Model 158) was a twin-engine twin-boom aircraft developed for Bob Pond by Burt Rutan and his company Scaled Composites. Reason for creation Bob Pond commissioned the design with the idea of ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Racer, , 1991, , Prototype, , , , , - , Scaled Composites Proteus, , US, , Jet, , Experimental, , 1991, , Prototype, , , , , - , Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne, , US, , Rocket, , Spaceplane, , 2003, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Scaled Composites SpaceShipTwo The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California-based company owned by Virgin Galactic. SpaceShipTwo is car ...

, , US, , Rocket, , Spaceplane, , 2010, , Prototype, , , , , - , Scaled Composites White Knight, , US, , Jet, , Transport, , 2002, , Prototype, , , , , - , Schneider Sch-10M, , France, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1925, , Prototype, , , , , - , Schwade Kampfeinsitzer Nr 2, , Germany, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1916, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Schweizer RU-38 Twin Condor The Schweizer RU-38 Twin Condor is a two or three-seat, fixed gear, low wing, twin boom covert reconnaissance aircraft. RU-38 is the US military designation for the aircraft, indicating ''Utility, Reconnaissance''. The Schweizer company model n ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1995, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

SECAN Courlis The SECAN SUC-10 Courlis (en: Curlew) was a French high-wing touring monoplane designed and built by Société d'Etudes et de Construction Aéronavales (SECAN), a branch of the automobile company Société des Usines Chaussons. The aircraft had ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1946, , Production, , , , , - ,

Selex ES Falco The Falco ( English: hawk) is a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed and produced by Selex ES (now Leonardo formerly Leonardo-Finmeccanica and Finmeccanica, originally by Galileo Avionica of Italy). The UAV is designed to be a medium ...

, , Italy, , UAV, , UAV, , 2003, , , , , , , - , SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera, , Italy, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1952, , Production, , , , , - ,

Siemens-Schuckert L.I The Siemens-Schuckert L.I was a large, three-engined biplane bomber aircraft, built in Germany towards the end of World War I. It was a twin boom design, strongly influenced by the successful Caproni Ca.3. Three were built but not used operatio ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1918, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Siemens-Schuckert R.I The Siemens-Schuckert R.I was a bomber aircraft built in Germany during World War I.Taylor 1989, p.808''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft'', p.2920 It was originally ordered as the Siemens-Schuckert G.I prior to the German Inspectorate of ...

, , Germany, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1915, , Prototype, , , , , - , Sikorsky S-38, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1928, , Production, , , , , - ,

Sikorsky S-39 The Sikorsky S-39 is an American light amphibious aircraft produced by Sikorsky Aircraft during the early 1930s. The S-39 was a smaller, single-engine version of the S-38. Operational history Spirit of Africa Filmmakers Martin and Osa Johnson us ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1929, , Production, , +, , , - ,

Sikorsky S-40 The Sikorsky S-40 was an American amphibious flying boat built by Sikorsky in the early 1930s for Pan American Airways. Design and development Sikorsky designed the S-40 in response to a request from Juan Trippe, president of Pan American Airw ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1931, , Production, , , , , - ,

Sikorsky S-41 The Sikorsky S-41 was an amphibious flying boat airliner produced in the United States in the early 1930s. Essentially a scaled-up monoplane version of the Sikorsky S-38 biplane flying boat, Pan Am operated the type on routes in the Caribbean, So ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1930, , Production, , , , , - ,

SIPA S.200 Minijet The SIPA S.200 Minijet was a light sporting jet aircraft designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Société Industrielle Pour l’Aéronautique (SIPA). It is designed to perform liaison, training, and aerobatic flights. The Minij ...

, , France, , Jet, , Trainer, , 1952, , Prototype, , , , , - , Škoda Kauba Sk V6, , Czechoslovakia, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1944, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

SNCAC NC.1070 The SNCAC NC.1070 was a piston engined attack and torpedo bomber designed and built in France shortly after World War II. The second prototype, the NC1071, was the first French multi-jet turbine powered aircraft. Design and development Built s ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Attack, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

SNCAC NC.1071 107 may refer to: *107 (number), the number *AD 107, a year in the 2nd century AD *107 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC *107 (New Jersey bus) See also *10/7 (disambiguation) *Bohrium Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Bh a ...

, , France, , Jet, , Attack, , 1948, , Prototype, , , , , - , SNCASO SO.8000 Narval, , France, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1949, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

SPCA 30 The SPCA 30, also known as SPCA Type III, was a French bomber aircraft built by the Société Provençale de Constructions Aéronautiques (SPCA). Development and design In 1928, the French ''Service Technique de l'Aéronautique'' (the governmen ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1931, , Prototype, , , , , - , Spectrum SA-550, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1983, , Prototype, , +, , , - , Stearman-Hammond Y-1, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1931, , Production, , ca., , , - , Stout Skycar, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1941, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Sukhoi Su-12 The Sukhoi Su-12 (Aircraft RK) was a prototype Soviet reconnaissance and artillery spotter aircraft developed during World War II. Development In November 1943, the Sukhoi OKB designed an artillery spotter aircraft based on the German Focke-Wul ...

, , USSR, , Propeller, , Reconnaissance, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Sukhoi Su-80 The Sukhoi Su-80 (formerly known as the Sukhoi S-80) is a Russian twin-turboprop, twin-boom STOL transport aircraft. Design and development The Su-80 program was supposed to start in the late 1990s, but due to lack of funds, it was postponed f ...

, , Russia, , Propeller, , Transport, , 2001, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Tachikawa Ki-94 The Tachikawa Ki-94 was a single-seat fighter-Interceptor aircraft project undertaken by the Tachikawa Aircraft Company and to be operated by the Imperial Japanese Army. The project refers to two aircraft designs: the Ki-94-I and the Ki-94-II, ...

-I, , Japan, , Propeller, , Fighter, , n/a, , Project, , , , , - , TAI Baykuş, , Turkey, , UAV, , UAV, , 2003, , , , , , , - ,

Teledyne Ryan Model 410 __NOTOC__ The Teledyne Ryan Model 410 was a surveillance UAV designed in the United States in the late 1980s.Taylor 1989, p.946"Teledyne's new RPV starts tests" 1987, p.14 In configuration, it was a high-wing cantilever monoplane with twin tails ...

, , US, , UAV, , UAV, , 1988, , , , , , , - ,

Terrafugia Transition The Terrafugia Transition is a light sport, roadable airplane under development by Terrafugia since 2006. The Rotax 912ULS piston engine powered, carbon-fiber vehicle is planned to have a flight range of using either automotive premium grad ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Flying car, , 2009, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

THK-11 __NOTOC__ The THK 11 was a 1940s prototype Turkey, Turkish four-seat monoplane, designed by Stanisław Rogalski and built by (THK - Turkish Aeronautical Association). Design and development The THK-11 was a high-wing twin-boom cantilever cabin m ...

, , Turkey, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1947, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Thomas-Morse MB-4 The Thomas-Morse MB-4 was a prototype American mailplane of the 1920s. It was of unusual design, being a biplane with twin fuselages housing the crew of two and a central nacelle which carried the aircraft's twin engines in a push-pull configurat ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1920, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Transavia PL-12 Airtruk The Transavia PL-12 Airtruk is a single-engine agricultural aircraft designed and built by the Transavia Corporation in Australia. The Airtruk is a shoulder-wing strut braced sesquiplane of all-metal construction, with the cockpit mounted above a ...

, , Australia, , Propeller, , Agricultural, , 1965, , Production, , , , , - , Trella T-106, , US, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1949, , Prototype, , , , , - , Trella T-107, , US, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1954, , Project, , , , , - ,

Tupolev I-12 The Tupolev I-12 (also known as the ANT-23) was a prototype Soviet fighter aircraft that never reached production. The I-12 was of unconventional design with twin booms made of water pipes containing recoilless rifles and two engines in a push-pu ...

/ANT-23, , USSR, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1931, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Vance Viking The Vance Viking, also called the Vance Flying Wing Express, and the Texas Sky Ranger, was a single seat cargo and racing aircraft. Design and development Claire K. Vance founded the Vance Aircraft Corporation to build the "Flying Wing" design ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Racer, , 1932, , Prototype, , , , , - , Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, , US, , Jet, , Record, , 2005, , Production, , , , , - ,

Voisin E.28 The Voisin Triplanes were large experimental bombers built by Voisin in 1915 and 1916. After unsuccessful trials of the 1915 prototype a modified version with more powerful engines was built in 1916, as the Voisin E.28, but the type did not ent ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1919, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Voisin Triplane The Voisin Triplanes were large experimental bombers built by Voisin in 1915 and 1916. After unsuccessful trials of the 1915 prototype a modified version with more powerful engines was built in 1916, as the Voisin E.28, but the type did not ent ...

, , France, , Propeller, , Bomber, , 1915, , Prototype, , , , , - , Vultee XP-54, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , 1943, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Vultee XP-68 Tornado The Vultee XP-68 Tornado was a proposed American high-altitude interceptor aircraft. It was based on the experimental XP-54 Swoose Goose and powered by the Wright R-2160 Tornado 42-cylinder radial engine driving a set of contra-rotating propelle ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Fighter, , n/a, , Project, , , , , - ,

Wagner Aerocar The Wagner FJ-V3 Aerocar was a prototype 4-place flying automobile. The vehicle used counter-rotating rotor helicopter technology for flight. Design The Aerocar was developed in the era of space-age futurism, and looked the part. It looked slig ...

, , Germany, , Helicopter, , Flying car, , 1965, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Weick W-1 The ERCO Ercoupe is an American low-wing monoplane aircraft that was first flown in 1937. It was originally manufactured by the Engineering and Research Corporation (ERCO) shortly before World War II; several other manufacturers continued it ...

, , US, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1934, , Prototype, , , , , - , Weymann 66, , France, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1933, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Willoughby Delta 8 The Willoughby Delta 8, or Delta F was a small twin-engined aerodynamic test bed for a proposed flying wing airliner - the Delta 9. The Delta 8 flew in the United Kingdom for a few months during 1939 before crashing; there were no developments ...

, , UK, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - , Willoughby Delta 9, , UK, , Propeller, , Transport, , 1939, , Project, , , , , - , WLT Sparrow, , Czech Republic, , Propeller, , Ultralight, , 2010, , Production, , , , , - ,

WNF Wn 16 The WNF Wn 16 was an Austrian experimental aircraft built near the start of World War II to test the properties of the then-new tricycle undercarriage arrangement. Design The WNF Wn 16, originally built as the Meindl-van Nes A.XV (aka Meindl ...

, , Austria, , Propeller, , Experimental, , 1939, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Yakovlev Yak-58 The Yakovlev Yak-58 is a small, multi-role utility transport and business aircraft. The aircraft features a pusher engine and twin boom tail. It saw limited production in the late 1990s. Design and development Following the collapse of the Soviet ...

, , Russia, , Propeller, , Utility, , 1993, , Prototype, , , , , - ,

Yakovlev Yak-141 The Yakovlev Yak-141 (russian: Яковлев Як-141; NATO reporting name "Freestyle"), also known as the Yak-41, is a Soviet supersonic vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) fighter aircraft designed by Yakovlev. It was used for testing. Design ...

, , Russia, , Jet, , Fighter, , 1987, , Prototype, , , , , - , Tengden_TB-001, , China, , UAV, , UAV, , 2017, , Production, , , , , - ,

BZK-005 The BZK-005 high-altitude, long-range UAV is a reconnaissance aircraft designed by Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics and Harbin Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. It is used by the PLA Navy and PLA Air Force. Development The BZK-0 ...

, , China, , UAV, , UAV, , 2006, , Production, , , ,

References

Citations

Bibliography

{{Commons category, Twin boom aircraft *Green, W. and Swanborough, G.; ''The complete book of fighters'', Salamander, 1994. Aircraft configurations