''Turritella'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum,

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the family

Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. These snails are filter feeders. This method of feeding is somewhat ...

.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138615 on 2013-06-02 They have tightly coiled shells, whose overall shape is basically that of an elongated cone. The name ''Turritella'' comes from the Latin word ''turritus'' meaning "turreted" or "towered" and the diminutive suffix ''-ella''.

Species

Valid

Valid species within the genus ''Turritella'' are listed below. Fossil species are marked with a dagger "†". * '' Turritella acropora'' (Dall, 1889) * ''

Turritella albolapis ''Turritella albolapis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, ma ...

'' Finlay, 1924 * ''

Turritella algida ''Turritella algida'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ga ...

'' Melvill & Standen, 1912 * ''

Turritella anactor ''Turritella anactor'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine g ...

'' Berry, 1957 * ''

Turritella annulata ''Turritella annulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Kiener, 1843 * † '' Turritella apicalis'' - Pleistocene of Florida * '' Turritella attenuata'' Reeve, 1849 * '' Turritella aurocincta'' Martens, 1875 * '' Turritella bacillum'' Kiener, 1843 * † ''

Turritella badensis ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' - Cenozoic of Denmark, Germany and Poland * ''

Turritella banksii ''Turritella banksii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine g ...

'' Gray in Reeve, 1849 * '' Turritella bayeri'' Petuch, 2001 * ''

Turritella bicingulata ''Turritella bicingulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , offi ...

'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Turritella broderipiana'' d'Orbigny, 1840 * ''

Turritella caelata ''Turritella caelata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ga ...

'' Mörch in Dunker, 1858 * ''

Turritella capensis ''Turritella capensis'', common name the waxy screw shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small ...

'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''

Turritella carinifera ''Turritella carinifera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''

Turritella chordata ''Turritella chordata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Suter, 1908 * ''

Turritella chrysotoxa ''Turritella chrysotoxa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, ma ...

'' Tomlin, 1825 *'' Turritella cingulata'' Sowerby, 1825 * ''

Turritella cingulifera ''Turritella cingulifera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. It is placed either in subgenus ''Kurosioia'' or ''Haustator''. Distribution This marine species is found in the sublittoral zone ...

'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 * ''

Turritella clarionensis ''Turritella clarionensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, ...

'' Hertlein & Strong, 1951 * '' Turritella cochlea'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella columnaris ''Turritella columnaris'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' Kiener, 1843 * '' Turritella communis'' Risso, 1826 * ''

Turritella concava ''Turritella concava'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' Martens, 1880 * ''

Turritella conofasciata ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' (Sacco 1895) * ''

Turritella conspersa ''Turritella conspersa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mar ...

'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 * ''

Turritella cooperi ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: W ...

'' Carpenter, 1864 * ''

Turritella cornea ''Turritella cornea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turritellidae. Description Distribution References

Turritellidae Gastropods described in 1822 {{Turritellidae-stub ...

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''

Turritella couteaudi ''Turritella couteaudi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mar ...

'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 * † ''

Turritella crenulata ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' Nyst, 1844 * '' Turritella crocea'' Kiener, 1843 * † ''

Turritella cruzadoi ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' DeVries, 2007 * ''

Turritella decipiens ''Turritella decipiens'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Monterosato, 1878 * ''

Turritella declivis ''Turritella declivis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mari ...

'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 * '' Turritella dirkhartogensis'' (Garrard, 1972) * ''

Turritella duplicata ''Turritella duplicata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Bengal off Tharangambadi Tharangambadi (), formerly Tranqueba ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Turritella dura ''Turritella leucostoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Mörch, 1860 * ''

Turritella elachista ''Turritella elachista'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 * '' Turritella exoleta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Turritella fastigiata ''Turritella fastigiata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 * ''

Turritella ferruginea ''Turritella ferruginea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Status Examination of the spiral sculpture has revealed a cancellated sculpture (alse see Reeve, 1849, pl. 7, sp. 32 "with minute l ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella fultoni ''Turritella fultoni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Melvill & Standen, 1901 * ''

Turritella fuscomaculata ''Turritella fuscomaculata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mar ...

'' Bozzetti, 2009 * ''

Turritella gemmata ''Turritella gemmata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description Distribution This species can be found from Cocobeach to Libreville (Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the G ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella gonostoma ''Turritella gonostoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Valenciennes, 1832 * ''

Turritella hastula ''Turritella hastula'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella hookeri ''Turritella hookeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella incisa ''Turritella incisa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * † ''

Turritella incrassata ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biolog ...

'' - Pliocene of Belgium * ''

Turritella knysnaensis ''Turritella knysnaensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mar ...

'' Krauss, 1848 * ''

Turritella leeuwinensis ''Turritella leeuwinensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mar ...

'' (Garrard, 1972) * ''

Turritella lentiginosa ''Turritella lentiginosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, m ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella leucostoma ''Turritella leucostoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Valenciennes, 1832 * ''

Turritella ligar ''Turritella ligar'', common name : the Ligar screw shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description The shell grows to a length of 90 mm Distribution This species is distributed i ...

'' Deshayes, 1843 * ''

Turritella lindae ''Turritella lindae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ga ...

'' (Petuch, 1987) * ''

Turritella lyonsi ''Turritella lyonsi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine g ...

'' Garcia, 2006 * ''

Turritella maculata ''Turritella maculata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 10 mm. Distribution The marine species occurs off Australia; in ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * '' Turritella marianopsis'' Petuch, 1990 * '' Turritella minuta'' Turton, 1932 * ''

Turritella monilifera ''Turritella monilifera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, m ...

'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 * ''

Turritella monterosatoi ''Turritella turbona'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Kobelt, 1887 * ''

Turritella nebulosa ''Turritella nebulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Kiener, 1843 * ''

Turritella nodulosa ''Turritella nodulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turritellidae. Description Shell size 40 mm. Distribution ''T. nodulosa'' can be found in Magdalena Bay off Baja California as well ...

'' King & Broderip, 1832 * '' Turritella praetermissa'' (Dautzenberg, 1912) * ''

Turritella punctata ''Turritella gonostoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mari ...

'' Kiener, 1843 * '' Turritella radula'' Kiener, 1843 * ''

Turritella reevei ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906 * † ''

Turritella riverae ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...

'' DeVries, 2007 * ''

Turritella rubescens ''Turritella rubescens'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * † ''

Turritella salasi ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' DeVries, 2007 * ''

Turritella sanguinea ''Turritella sanguinea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 45 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off Port Alfred ...

'' Reeve, 1849 * ''

Turritella sedanensis ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: W ...

'' (Martin 1905) * † ''

Turritella steiningeri ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: W ...

'' Harzhauser, 2007Harzhauser M. (2007). "Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific". ''

Palaeontographica Abteilung External linksSerials list
@ schweizerbart.de E. Schweizerbart academic journals, * Lists of academic journals by publisher, E. Schweizerbart ...

'' A 280: 75-121
PDF
* ''

Turritella terebra ''Turritella terebra'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description The shell of ''Turritella terebra'', has a long tower-like shape which resembles a drill, hence its name. The shell is narro ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * † ''

Turritella terebralis ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc, mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: W ...

'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''

Turritella torulosa ''Turritella torulosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' Kiener, 1843 * † ''

Turritella trempina ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' - Pliocene * '' Turritella triplicata'' Philippi, 1836 * '' Turritella turbona'' Monterosato, 1877 * † '' Turritella turris'' - Early Miocene of Central Europe * ''

Turritella ungulina ''Turritella ungulina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, mari ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Turritella variegata ''Turritella variegata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Turritella vermicularis'' (Brocchi, 1814) * † ''

Turritella vertebroides ''Turritella'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...

'' Morton, 1834 - Late Cretaceous of South of North America * '' Turritella wareni'' Ryall & Vos, 2010 * '' Turritella willetti'' McLean, 1970 * ''

Turritella yucatecana ''Turritella yucatecana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' (Dall, 1881) Seashell1

Invalid

These are species assigned to ''Turritella'' that were brought into synonymy with other

taxa In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...

: * ''Turritella (Torcula)'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Turritella'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Turritella (Torcula) cochlea'' Reeve, 1849: synonym of '' Turritella cochlea'' Reeve, 1849 * ''Turritella acicula'' Stimpson, 1851: synonym of '' Turritellopsis stimpsoni'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Turritella alternata'' Say, 1822: synonym of ''

Bittiolum alternatum ''Bittiolum alternatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (b ...

'' (Say, 1822) * † ''Turritella andenensis'' Otuka, 1934: synonym of ''

Neohaustator andenensis ''Neohaustator'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae. Species Species within the genus ''Neohaustator'' include: * '' Neohaustator andenensis'' (Otuka, 1934) * ''Neohaustator fortilirata ''Neoha ...

'' (Otuka, 1934) * ''Turritella aquila'' Reeve, 1849: synonym of ''Turritella conspersa'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 * ''Turritella areolata'' Stimpson, 1851: synonym of ''

Tachyrhynchus reticulatus ''Tachyrhynchus reticulatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, ma ...

'' (Mighels & Adams, 1842) * ''Turritella auricincta'' Martens, 1875: synonym of '' Turritella aurocincta'' Martens, 1875 * ''Turritella bicolor'' Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of ''Turritella cingulifera'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 * ''Turritella brevialis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Mesalia brevialis ''Mesalia brevialis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine g ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Turritella canaliculata'' Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of ''

'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 * ''Turritella candida'' Reeve, 1849: synonym of ''Turritella gemmata'' Reeve, 1849 * ''Turritella cingulata'' Sowerby, 1825 is a synonym of ''

Incatella cingulata ''Incatella cingulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' (Sowerby, 1825)DeVries T. J. (2007). "Cenozoic Turritellidae (Gastropoda) from southern Peru". ''

Journal of Paleontology The ''Journal of Paleontology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of paleontology. It is published by the Paleontological Society. Indexing The ''Journal of Paleontology'' is indexed in: *BIOSIS Previews *Science Citatio ...

'' 81(2): 331-351. . * ''Turritella concava'' Say, 1826: synonym of'' Terebra concava'' (Say, 1826) * ''Turritella congelata'' Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of ''

Colpospira congelata ''Colpospira congelata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' (Adams & Reeve, 1850) * ''Turritella costulata'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of ''

Acirsa borealis ''Acirsa'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae. They are commonly known as wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Acirsa Mörch, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (Lyell, 1841) * ''Turritella costulata'' Møller, 1842: synonym of ''

Eumetula arctica ''Eumetula arctica'' is a species of sea snail, a gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snail ...

'' (Mørch, 1857) * ''Turritella crenulata'' (Donald, 1900): synonym of ''

Colpospira joannae ''Colpospira joannae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine ...

'' (Hedley, 1923) * ''Turritella erosa'' Couthouy, 1838: synonym of ''

Tachyrhynchus erosus ''Tachyrhynchus erosus'', common name the eroded turretsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small ...

'' (Couthouy, 1838) * ''Turritella eschrichti'' Hölböll in Möller, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (Lyell, 1841) * ''Turritella excavata'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1870: synonym of ''

'' Adams & Reeve in Reeve, 1849 * ''Turritella flammulata'' Kiener, 1843-44: synonym of''Turritella ligar'' Deshayes, 1843 * ''Turritella fortilirata'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1914: synonym of '' Neohaustator fortilirata'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914) * ''Turritella gracillima'' Gould, 1860: synonym of ''

'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1825 * ''Turritella granosa'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of ''

Opalia granosa The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirro ...

'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Turritella imbricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''Turritella variegata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turritella knysnaensis'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of ''Turritella capensis'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Turritella lactea'' Möller, 1842: synonym of ''

Mesalia lactea ''Tachyrhynchus reticulatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, ma ...

'' (Möller, 1842) * † ''Turritella maiquetiana'' Weisbord, 1962: synonym of ''Turritella paraguanensis'' Hodson, 1926 * ''Turritella mediolevis'' Verco, 1910: synonym of ''

Colpospira mediolevis ''Colpospira mediolevis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae Turritellidae, common name the "tower shells" or "tower snails", is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marin ...

'' (Verco, 1910) * ''Turritella meta'' Reeve, 1849: synonym of ''

'' * ''Turritella monterosatoi'' Kobelt, 1887: synonym of ''Turritella turbona'' Monterosato, 1877 * ''Turritella nzimaorum'' Ryall & Vos, 2010: synonym of ''Turritella caelata'' Mörch in Dunker, 1858 * ''Turritella opalina'' Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of ''Mesalia opalina'' (Adams & Reeve, 1850) * ''Turritella opulenta'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of '' Glyptozaria opulenta'' (Hedley, 1907) * ''Turritella paraguanensis'' Hodson, 1926: synonym of ''Turritella variegata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turritella philippi'' Aradas, 1842: synonym of ''

Acirsa subdecussata ''Acirsa'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae. They are commonly known as wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Acirsa Mörch, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of M ...

'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Turritella polaris'' Möller, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (Couthouy, 1838) * ''Turritella spina'' Crosse & Fischer, 1864: synonym of ''

Cingulina spina ''Cingulina spina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Rosenberg, G. (2011). ''Cingulina spina'' (Crosse & Fischer, 1864). Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (Crosse & Fischer, 1864) * ''Turritella reticulata'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (Mighels & Adams, 1842) * ''Turritella spirata'' Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of '' Eglisia spirata'' (Sowerby I, 1825) * ''Turritella symmetrica'' Hutton, 1873: synonym of ''

Stiracolpus symmetricus ''Stiracolpus symmetricus'', common name : the small turret, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turritellidae. Description The shell grows to a length of 11 mm. Distribution This marine species is endemi ...

'' (Hutton, 1873) * ''Turritella trisulcata'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Turritella vermicularis'' * ''Turritella yucatecanum'' Dall, 1881: synonym of ''Turritella yucatecana'' (Dall, 1881)

Fossil species

The genus is known from the

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

to the

Recent The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...

periods. The shells are quite frequently found as

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s, and the

carbonate A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula . The word ''carbonate'' may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonat ...

stone made from large quantities of ''Turritella'' shells is often referred to as "Turritella limestone", or, if

silicified In geology, petrifaction or petrification () is the process by which organic material becomes a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals. Petrified wood typifies this proce ...

, "Turritella agate". Both varieties of this stone are commonly sold as polished

cabochon A cabochon (; ) is a gemstone that has been shaped and polished, as opposed to faceted. The resulting form is usually a convex (rounded) obverse with a flat reverse. Cabochon was the default method of preparing gemstones before gemstone cut ...

"Turritella agate"

One variety of "Turritella agate", that from the Green River Formation in Wyoming, is a fossiliferous rock which does indeed contain numerous high-spired snail shells. However, contrary to the common name, these snails are not in the marine genus ''Turritella'', instead they are freshwater snails in the species ''

Elimia tenera ''Elimia tenera'' in Wyoming.html" ;"title="chalcedony from Wyoming">chalcedony from Wyoming ''Elimia tenera'', formerly known as ''Goniobasis tenera'', is an extinct species of freshwater snail with an operculum (gastropod), operculum, in t ...

'', family

Pleuroceridae Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell. Reprodu ...

from the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

epoch. The rock in which these snail shells are so abundant varies from a soft

sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates ...

to a dense

chalcedony Chalcedony ( , or ) is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monocl ...

. This dense silicified rock is popular with gem and mineral hobbyists, as well as with

New Age New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars consi ...

practitioners.

Turritellenplatte

The ''Erminger

Turritellenplatte The Turritellenplatte of Ermingen ("Erminger Turritellenplatte" near Ulm, Germany) is a type of very rich, fossil-bearing rock which is of particular interest to geologists and paleontologists. It occurs in a very restricted outcrop and is prote ...

'' ("''Turritella'' plate of Ermingen") near

Ulm Ulm () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Danube on the border with Bavaria. The city, which has an estimated population of more than 126,000 (2018), forms an urban district of its own (german: link=no, ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...

is a rocky

outcrop An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth. Features Outcrops do not cover the majority of the Earth's land surface because in most places the bedrock or superficia ...

situated in the northern part of the

North Alpine Foreland Basin North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''no ...

. It is famous for its superabundance of '' Turritella turris'' shells within its sediments Baier J. (2008). "Über die Tertiärbildungen im Ulmer Raum" On Tertiary structures in the Ulm region" ''Documenta Naturae'' 168: 1-32. and dates from the

Burdigalian The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or stage in the early Miocene. It spans the time between 20.43 ± 0.05 Ma and 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). Preceded by the Aquitanian, the Burdigalian was the first and longest war ...

References

Caenogastropoda
i
Man and Mollusc

External links

"1. Turritella bicolor; 2. Turritella congelata; 3. Turritella conspersa; 4. Turritella miltilirata; 5. Turritella vittulata; 6. Turritella monilifera; 7. Turritella opalina; 8. Eglisia tricarinata; 9. Turritella fastigiata; 10. Turritela declivis; 11. Turritella canaliculata"
New York Public Library no-charge digital image available; image dated 1850. {{Taxonbar, from=Q76879 Prehistoric life of Europe Turritellidae Cretaceous molluscs Cenozoic molluscs Extant Late Jurassic first appearances