Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen

Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen (1619–1656) was an important Gelugpa lama and a contemporary of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682). His Seat was the upper residence () of Drepung Monastery, a famous Gelug gompa located near Lhasa.

Incarnation lineage

Tibetan Buddhists consider Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen to be the 6th Kyorlung Ngari Tulku, a line of incarnate lamas which began with Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen (1374-1434), an important disciple of Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school.

Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen is also called the 4th Drepung Zimkhang Gongma or rebirth of Panchen Sonam Dragpa, the 3rd Kyorlung Ngari Tulku, who held the posts of the 15th Ganden Tripa and abbot of Drepung. Before his death in 1554, he had established his own monastic estate, known as the Upper Chamber (Zimkhang Gongma), named for its location at the top of Drepung Monastery just below the Ngakpa debating courtyard. This grew to be a rival centre of power in Drepung to the estate of the Dalai Lamas, called Ganden Phodrang, or so-called lower chamber (Zimkhang 'Ogma) which had been constructed in 1518 by the 2nd Dalai Lama.

According to Lindsay G. McCune, the "Gelukpa authorities" agreed that Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen was the immediate rebirth of Sönam Gelek Pelzang (1594–1615), and the fourth incarnation, or tulku, in the Drepung Zimkhang Gongma line.

Prior births

His prior "incarnation lineage" includes:

* Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen () 374-1434
* Charchen Chödrak ()
* Panchen Sönam Drakpa () 478—1554(first Drepung Zimkhang Gongma)
* Sönam Yéshé Wangpo ()- seat: Drepung monastery
* Ngakwang Sönam Gélek Pelzang ()- seat: Drepung monastery

Some Tibetan Buddhists believe that, prior to his birth as Duldzin Dragpa Gyaltsen, he was also Buton Rinchen Drub (1291–1364) of Shalu Monastery

Subsequent rebirths

Tibetan historian Samten Karmay writes that after the death of Dragpa Gyaltsen the search for his reincarnation was banned. Thus the Drepung Zimkhang Gongma line ended and the estate founded by Panchen Sönam Dragpa in 1554 at the Upper Chamber of Drepung ceased to exist in 1656.Karmay, Samten G. (1997). ''The Arrow and the Spindle'', Volume 1, p. 514

Some believe that Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen then appeared as the wrathful deity Dorje Shugden. However at that time Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen's own students and supporters disagreed with this account, stating that this spirit was not that of Drakpa Gyeltsen but rather that of the Fifth Dalai Lama's minister Desi Sönam Chöpel (sde srid bsod nams chos ’phel; 1595-1658), who was an enemy of Drakpa Gyeltsen and who had also died around the same time. Georges Dreyfus also notes that "there are other stories that seem to hint that the evil spirit connected with Drak-ba Gyel-tsen was already active prior to the latter's demise, even as early 1636. If Shuk-den was already active prior to Trul-ku Drak-ba Gyel-tsen's tragic demise, how can he be the latter's wrathful manifestation?"

The Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center database lists a continuing line of Kyorlung Ngari tulkus subsequent to Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen:
* Ngakwang Jinpa Jamyang Tenpé Gyeltsen ()
* Lozang Tashi ()
* Lozang Gélek Drakpa ()
* Lozang Jikmé Tenpé Gyeltsen ()
* Ngakwang Tsültrim Tenpé Gyeltsen ()
* Khédrup Tendzin Chökyi Nyima ()
* Ngakwang Lozang Khédrup Tendzin Gyatso ()
* Tendzin Chögyel () .1946ref>

Rivalry, murder and reincarnation

Tibetan historian Samten Karmay writes "It should be recalled that he had been one of the candidates for the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama. As a result, he was always seen as a rival of the Fifth Dalai Lama though he invariably proclaimed himself a disciple of the latter. He came to be despised by a number of officials and especially the sDe-srid."Karmay, Samten G. "The arrow and the spindle : studies in history, myths, rituals and beliefs in Tibet.", page 514, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point, 1998. Vol 1, Part IV
"The Fifth Dalai Lama And His Reunification Of Tibet"
/ref>

Samten Karmay further writes "The circumstances of his death, whether natural or not, were contested and part of the dGe-lugs-pa school believed that the official Norbu, acting under the sDe-srid's orders had assassinated him. Whatever the truth, the search for his reincarnation was banned, which suggests that the affair must have been quite serious indeed. In 1658, the actual building of the 'Upper Chamber' was destroyed and the stupa containing the remains of the Lama was supposedly thrown into the sKyid-chu river. It was then believed that the spirit of Grags-pa rgyal-mtshan had returned as a sort of 'protector of the Buddhist religion'."

Selected information from different sources

Lobsang Tamdin's ''be bum'' extracted the biographies (''rnam thar'') of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen and his reincarnation lineage into a work called ''sprul sku grags pa rgyal mtshan gyi sngon byung ‘khrungs rabs dang bcas pa'i rnam thar'' (''dza ya pandi ta blo bzang 'phrin las kyi gsan yig nas zur du bkod pa bzhugs so''). The originals can also be found directly in the catalog of received teachings (''thob yig'') of Jaya Pandita published by Lokesh Chandra, International Academy of Indian Culture (1981, vol. 4, folios 43-60). This contains the list of the long "incarnation lineage" of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen, with brief biographies. The biography of Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen contains a year by year account of his life.

Further reading

Tales of Intrigue from Tibet's Holy City: The Historical Underpinnings of a Modern Buddhist Crisis Thesis by Lindsay G. McCune
The Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences

Literature

* ''Autobiography of Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama'' (1567–1622, )
* ''The Vaidurya Serpo'' (), Desi Sangye Gyatso's (1653–1705) history of the Gandenpa tradition
* ''Dungkar's Encyclopedia'' () by Dungkar Lozang Trinle (1927–1997)
* ''Treasury of Names'' () by Koshül Drakpa Chungne (born 20th century) and Gyelwa Lozang Khedrup (born 20th century)
* Ngawang Lozang Gyamtso's ''Autobiography of the 5th Dalai Lama'' ()
* The 5th Dalai Lama's ''Spontaneous Achievement of the Four Enlightened Activities: ites ofrealization, offerings, expiation, praises, feasts, and so forth for the ocean of loyal dharma protectors who possess unhindered strength and power'' ()
* ''Excellent Wish-Granting Tree'' () by Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor (, 1704–1788)

Notes

References

External links

P1729 grags pa rgyal mtshan (1619–1656)
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TBRC
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gyaltsen, Dragpa
Lamas
Gelug tulkus
Gelug Lamas
17th-century Tibetan people
17th-century lamas