Tuen Mun or Castle Peak is an
area
Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a region on the plane or on a curved surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape
A shape or figure is a graphics, graphical representation of an obje ...
near the mouth of
Tuen Mun River
The Tuen Mun River is a river in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. It has many tributaries, with major ones coming from Lam Tei, Kau Keng Shan, Hung Shui Hang and Nai Wai. It flows south, bisecting Tuen Mun New Town. It eventually feeds int ...
and
Castle Peak Bay
Castle Peak Bay is a bay outside Tuen Mun. Tuen Mun River empties into the bay. In the past, many Tanka fishermen harboured at the bay.
In 1513, explorer Jorge Álvares arrived in the Pearl River Delta and started a Portuguese settlement, Ta ...
in the
New Territories
The New Territories is one of the three main regions of Hong Kong, alongside Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula. It makes up 86.2% of Hong Kong's territory, and contains around half of the population of Hong Kong. Historically, it ...
, Hong Kong. It was one of the earliest settlements in what is now Hong Kong and can be dated to the
Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
period. In the more recent past, it was home to many
Tanka
is a genre of classical Japanese poetry and one of the major genres of Japanese literature.
Etymology
Originally, in the time of the ''Man'yōshū'' (latter half of the eighth century AD), the term ''tanka'' was used to distinguish "short poem ...
fishermen who gathered at Castle Peak Bay. Tuen Mun is now a modern, mainly residential area in the north-west New Territories. As of 2011, 487,546 live in Tuen Mun and over 95% of them are
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
.
History
![Tuen Mun San Hui 201207](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Tuen_Mun_San_Hui_201207.jpg)
During the
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
(618907), a navy town, Tuen Mun Tsan () was established in
Nantou Nantou may refer to:
* Nantou County (南投縣), a county in central Taiwan (Republic of China)
* Nantou City (南投市), seat of Nantou County, Taiwan
* Nantou (historical town) (南头), a historic town and former administrative center of Xin' ...
, which lies across
Deep Bay. Tuen Mun and the rest of Hong Kong were under its protection.
A major
clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship
and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor. Clans, in indigenous societies, tend to be endogamous, meaning ...
, To (), brought the name Tuen Mun to the area. They migrated from
Jiangxi
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...
on the Chinese mainland and established a village Tuen Mun Tsuen ()
Antiquities and Monuments Office
The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) was established in 1976 under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance to protect and preserve Hong Kong's historic monuments. Housed in the Former Kowloon British School, the AMO is responsible for iden ...
Tuen Tsz Wai - History
/ref> late in the Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
(1272–1368). As more and more villages were established, the village was renamed Tuen Mun Tai Tsuen (), which means "large village" in Chinese. As yet more villages were established, a market town of Tuen Mun Hui () was established. This town lies where present-day Tuen Mun Kau Hui is situated, which name means "old market", as opposed to San Hui or "new market".
Tuen Mun remained an important town of coastal defence
Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. Protection against rising sea levels in the 21st century is crucial, as sea level rise accelerates due to climate change. Changes in s ...
until the start of British rule
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
in 1898. When the British took over the New Territories from the Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...
government in this year, the area was renamed Castle Peak, and Tuen Mun Hui to Castle Peak Market () or Tsing Shan Hui. The name Tuen Mun, however, continued to be used by those living in the area.
In 1965, "Castle Peak New Town" was planned. It was later renamed Tuen Mun New Town
Tuen Mun New Town (formerly Castle Peak New Town), commonly referred to simply as Tuen Mun, is a satellite town of Hong Kong. It is one of the new towns that were developed by the Hong Kong Government in the New Territories from the 1960s. I ...
and constructed from 1970 onwards with many buildings on the reclaimed land of the former Castle Peak Bay. The name was officially changed back to Tuen Mun in 1972. The first public housing estate built in the town was Castle Peak Estate, opened 1971.
Geography
Tuen Mun is located in the west of Hong Kong's New Territories. It is sandwiched between two mountains, Castle Peak (583 m) from the west and Kau Keng Shan
Kau Keng Shan ( Cantonese: 九逕山) is a hill in Tuen Mun, the New Territories, Hong Kong and stands opposite from Castle Peak. Kau Keng Shan has a height of . During the Ming dynasty era (1368–1644), the area around the hill was used as a def ...
(507 m) from the east.
Tuen Mun Trail contains 2 segments. One starts from Hoh Fuk Tong College in San Hui
Tuen Mun San Hui () more commonly known as just San Hui () is an area of Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong and is a major food market and commercial quarter in the district. In urban planning, it is part of Tuen Mun New Town (Tuen Mun).
Etymolog ...
connected with the end of MacLehose Trail
The MacLehose Trail is a 100-kilometre hiking trail that crosses much of the New Territories, Hong Kong, starting from Pak Tam Chung, Sai Kung District in the east to Tuen Mun Town, Tuen Mun District in the west. The path is marked by distance po ...
through to Yeuk Mung Yuen (若夢園) till Prime View Garden. Another starts from "Yeuk Mung Yuen" to Fu Tei. It opens up the hills flanking the town, seeing the broad view of picturesque Tuen Mun from the lookout points.
Facilities
There are three traditional-style markets in the town: Tuen Mun Kau Hui (), Tuen Mun San Hui
Tuen Mun San Hui () more commonly known as just San Hui () is an area of Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong and is a major food market and commercial quarter in the district. In urban planning, it is part of Tuen Mun New Town (Tuen Mun).
Etymolog ...
() and Sam Shing Hui
Sam Shing Hui () is an area and a former fishing village in Tuen Mun, Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong.
See also
* Sam Shing Estate
* Tuen Mun Road
* Tuen Mun San Hui
* So Kwun Wat
So Kwun Wat, commonly pronounced So Kwun Fat, is an area on the ...
().
There are many government facilities also, including the Tuen Mun Magistracy, and governmental offices. Leisure facilities include several sports complexes, a multi-story central library supplemented by two others, and a theatrical and concert venue in the form of the Tuen Mun Town Hall at Tuen Mun Town Centre.
The Correctional Services Department
Hong Kong Correctional Services (also called Correctional Services Department (CSD)) is responsible for the management of prisoners and prisons in Hong Kong. The Commissioner of Correctional Services reports to the Secretary for Security.
A ...
operates the Tai Lam Centre for Women
Tai Lam Centre for Women is a maximum security women's prison in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is operated by Hong Kong Correctional Services and currently has a capacity of 391 prisoners. It was established in 1969.
As of 1992 illegal ...
in the district.
The Chek Lap Kok airport
Hong Kong International Airport is Hong Kong's main airport, built on reclaimed land on the island of Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong. The airport is also referred to as Chek Lap Kok International Airport or ''Chek Lap Kok Airport'', to distinguish ...
is across the locality.
Public utilities
Hong Kong's largest electricity generation facilities, the Castle Peak Power Station
The Castle Peak Power Station () is the largest coal-fired power station in Hong Kong. It is situated in Tap Shek Kok, Tuen Mun District, on the north shore of Urmston Road. It was named after the nearby Castle Peak, Hong Kong, Castle Peak. The st ...
(Station A & B) and Black Point Power Station
Black Point Power Station () is a gas-fired power station in Lung Kwu Tan, New Territories, Hong Kong. The power station is operated by CLP Group.
History
In the late 1980s, China Light and Power (CLP) examined several potential sites for the ...
(Station C), are located in western Tuen Mun.
Education
There are 36 primary and 38 secondary schools in Tuen Mun. There are three higher education institutions including Lingnan University
Lingnan University (LN/LU), formerly called Lingnan College, is a public liberal arts university in Hong Kong. It aims to provide students with an education in the liberal arts tradition and has joined the Global Liberal Arts Alliance since ...
, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education
The Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (IVE) is one of the member institutions of the Vocational Training Council (VTC) offering vocational education to post-secondary students in Hong Kong through its nine campi located across the terr ...
(IVE) and Chu Hai College of Higher Education
Chu Hai College of Higher Education is a private degree-granting institute in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong. At present, Chu Hai College is recognised as an Approved Post Secondary College under the Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance (Cap 320).Chu Hai Colle ...
.
Primary and secondary schools:
* Tuen Mun Catholic Secondary School
*Harrow International School Hong Kong
Harrow International School of Hong Kong is a British international boarding and day, all-through school in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong. When it opened on 3 September 2012, it became the first British boarding school in Hong Kong. It was also the th ...
Areas west of the Tuen Mun River Channel are in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 70 while areas east of the channel are in POA School Net 71. Within school net 70 are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and the following government schools: Tuen Mun Government Primary School (屯門官立小學). POA 71 only consists of aided schools.
Transport
Light Rail
Tuen Mun is served extensively by zones 1–3 of the MTR
The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) is a major public transport network serving :Hong Kong. Operated by the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRCL), it consists of heavy rail, light rail, and feeder bus service centred on a 10-line rapid transit network ...
Light Rail (zones 4, 5, 5a are in Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (), and to the north Nam Sang W ...
and Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai New Town is a satellite town in the northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. Originally a ' fish pond area, it was developed in the 1980s as the second new town in Yuen Long District and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is due northw ...
), the initial phase of which was completed and operational on 18 September 1988. The government decided that services between town centres and settlements would be provided solely by a Light Rail Transit (LRT) system, while feeder buses operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation
The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC; ) is a Hong Kong wholly government-owned railway and land asset manager. It was established in 1982 under the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation Ordinance for the purposes of operating the Kowloon– ...
(now operated by MTR after the takeover in 2007) would connect remote sites to the network, replacing Kowloon Motor Bus
The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB) is a bus company operating franchised services in Hong Kong. It is the largest bus company in Hong Kong by fleet size and number of bus routes. It is a subsidiary of Transport International.
...
's equivalent services where applicable. The North-west Railway, as it was then known, was thus established according to the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation Ordinance.
The system consisted of two big and three small loops serving most of the public housing estates in northern Tuen Mun. Three branches: one to On Ting Estate in the southeast, one to the Tuen Mun Ferry Pier
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier (屯門碼頭), or Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal, is a public pier located in the southern area of Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier, Tuen Mun Pier Head, and Tuen Mun Ferry Pier stop (MTR Light Rail) refer to the street-lev ...
in the southwest, and another northern branch all the way into the town of Yuen Long along Castle Peak Road
Castle Peak Road is the longest road in Hong Kong. Completed in 1920, it runs in the approximate shape of an arc of a semi-circle. It runs West from Tai Po Road in Sham Shui Po, New Kowloon, to Tuen Mun, then north to Yuen Long then east to Sh ...
.
MTR Tuen Ma Line
With the KCR West Rail opened in December 2003 (which had become part of the Tuen Ma line
The Tuen Ma line () is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. Coloured brown on the map, the Tuen Ma line is in length, making it the longest line of the MTR network. It has a total of ...
on 27 June 2021), the Light Rail have also taken the role of feeder services. Tuen Mun
Tuen Mun or Castle Peak is an area near the mouth of Tuen Mun River and Castle Peak Bay in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It was one of the earliest settlements in what is now Hong Kong and can be dated to the Neolithic period. In the more re ...
and Wu Kai Sha
Wu Kai Sha (), formerly known as Wu Kwai Sha or U Kwai Sha (), is a place at the shore of Tolo Harbour, northwest of Ma On Shan in the New Territories, Hong Kong. Wu Kai Sha is within the Sha Tin District, one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. ...
stations are the termini of Tuen Ma Line. The service had been enhanced from using 7-car trains to 8-car to cope with the increasing population in Tuen Mun, Tin Shui Wai, and Yuen Long. Since becoming part of Tuen Ma line, passengers taking the railway line can reach the Ma On Shan
Ma On Shan may refer to:
* Ma On Shan (peak) ( zh, t=馬鞍山, s=马鞍山, l=saddle peak, links=no), a mountain in the New Territories of Hong Kong
* Ma On Shan (town), a New Town in the New Territories on the foot of Ma On Shan mountain
* Ma On ...
, Kai Tak
Kai Tak Airport was the international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998. Officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998, it is often referred to as Hong Kong International Airport, Kai Tak, or simply Ka ...
, Tai Wai
Tai Wai () is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong, located between Sha Tin and the Lion Rock, within the Sha Tin District.
With three rapid transit stations, one of which an interchange station serving two lines, five bus termini and ...
and Diamond Hill
Diamond Hill is a hill in the east of Kowloon, Hong Kong. The name also refers to the area on or adjacent to the hill. It is surrounded by Ngau Chi Wan, San Po Kong, Wong Tai Sin and Tsz Wan Shan. Its northeast is limited by the ridge. It is pr ...
areas directly and conveniently.
Road
Tuen Mun is well-connected to different districts in Hong Kong and the border with the Mainland, China.
Residents can take 962 series, 960, 961 bus to the Hong Kong Island side. Meanwhile, LWB provides service between Tuen Mun and Hong Kong International Airport. KMB, one of the bus companies in HK, having route 59M, 59X, 60M, 60X, 53, 263, 260X, 259D, 62X and more to bring passenger from Tuen Mun to various destinations in New Territories and Kowloon. Passengers can take A33, A33X, A33P, E33, E33P, N30, NA33, and N30P to the airport at day time, afternoon and mid-night.
The Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor
The Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor, also known for the main component Shenzhen Bay Bridge, is a cross-border highway between Shenzhen, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong. The highway bridge is a dual three-lane controlled-access highwa ...
, Cross Border Shuttle Services to Shekou
Shekou () is an area at the southern tip of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Guangdong Province, China. It faces Yuen Long, Hong Kong across the Deep Bay, China, Shenzhen Bay. It has been designated as a free-t ...
is operated by Citybus on route B3, which departs from Tuen Mun Ferry Pier and B3X which departs from Tuen Mun Town Centre, a five minutes walk from MTR Tuen Mun station
Tuen Mun is an MTR station in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the western terminus of the . The station is elevated over the Tuen Mun River, near the Town Park in the centre of Tuen Mun New Town. The first train to Wu Kai Sha dep ...
. Residents can also take Green Minibus service 44, 44A, 44B to the Lok Ma Chau Border, and Lo Wu Border from Tuen Mun.
MTR Bus
MTR Bus is a public bus service in Hong Kong operated by the MTR Corporation. It serves the northwestern part of the New Territories. Also known as MTR Feeder Bus (previously operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation as KCR Feeder B ...
is available within the Tuen Mun District. Routes can reach most of the residential areas in Tuen Mun. K52, K51, 506, and K53 serving from the early morning to late night. Passenger transferring to/from Light Rail (LRT) and West Rail line could get a transit discount by using Octopus card to pay.
Ferry
Private ferries is also available in sporadic times in the public pier, 15 minutes walk from the Tuen Mun Ferry Pier.
The town is also served by New World First Ferry
Sun Ferry Services Company Limited, formerly New World First Ferry Services (in short New World First Ferry, First Ferry or NWFF), is a ferry service company in Hong Kong. The company was established in November 1999, when it took over the eig ...
services to Tung Chung
Tung Chung, meaning " eastern stream", is an area on the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong. One of the most recent new towns, it was formerly a rural fishing village beside Tung Chung Bay, and along the delta and lower courses of T ...
(being discontinued in July 2008 and replaced by Fortune Ferry
Fortune Ferry Company Ltd is a ferry operator in Hong Kong. It is based in North Point.
Routes
The company operates the following ferry routes:
* Tuen Mun to Tung Chung, Sha Lo Wan and Tai O
* North Point to Kwun Tong and Kai Tak
* Central to ...
Tuen Mun – Tung Chung – Sha Lo Wan – Tai O
Tai O is a fishing town, partly located on an island of the same name, on the western side of Lantau Island in Hong Kong. The village name means ''large inlet'', referring to outlet for the waterways (Tai O Creek and Tai O River) merges as it ...
services). On 28 January 2016, TurboJET
The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which includes inlet guide vanes, a compressor, a combustion chamber, and ...
launched the new cross-boundary ferry services between Tuen Mun, Macau
Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...
and Shenzhen Airport
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is the airport serving Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It is located on the east bank of the Pearl River near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, and is n ...
(being suspended services since 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic). All services departs from Tuen Mun Ferry Pier.
Climate
See also
* Tamão
Tamão ( zh, 屯門) was a trade settlement set up by the Portuguese on an island in the Pearl River Delta, China. This was the first time Europeans reached China via the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope. The settlement lasted from 1514 ...
* Hau Kok Tin Hau Temple
Hau Kok Tin Hau Temple ( or ) is a Tin Hau temple in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
Location
The temple stands by the Tuen Mun River Channel. It is located next to Tin Hau Road in Tuen Mun, within a short distance from the Tuen Mun station of the West Ra ...
* Hong Kong Gold Coast
Hong Kong Gold Coast is a private housing estate served by Castle Peak Road, near Castle Peak Bay, in So Kwun Wat, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. Developed by Sino Group, it includes 20 residential buildings completed in two phases (in ...
References
Further reading
"Traffic Improvements to Tuen Mun Road Town Centre Section"
Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 2007
Hong Kong Planning Department, 2002
External links
Delineation of area of existing village Tuen Mun Kau Hui (Tuen Mun) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)
Centalink Map of Tuen Mun
Tuen Mun Football Team
Aerial video of Tuen Mun Typhoon Shelter
Item #1221. Hau Kok Tin Hau Temple, Tin Hau Road, Tuen Mun
Antiquities and Monuments Office
The Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO) was established in 1976 under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance to protect and preserve Hong Kong's historic monuments. Housed in the Former Kowloon British School, the AMO is responsible for iden ...
. Brief Information on No Grade Items.
{{Coord, 22.391, 113.973, type:city_region:HK, display=title
Populated coastal places in Hong Kong
Places in Hong Kong
Naval installations