During 1991, tropical cyclones formed within seven different
tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the north Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the northern Pacific Ocean, the southwestern Pacific, the southwestern and southeastern Ind ...
, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 100 systems formed with 75 of these developing further and were
named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest
tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depen ...
of the year was
Typhoon Yuri, which was estimated to have a minimum
barometric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars, 7 ...
of . The deadliest tropical cyclone was
Cyclone BOB 01, which caused 138,866 fatalities in
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
,
Northeastern India
, native_name_lang = mni
, settlement_type =
, image_skyline =
, image_alt =
, image_caption =
, motto =
, image_map = Northeast india.png
, ...
,
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
,
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
, while the costliest was
Typhoon Mireille, which caused an estimated $10 billion
USD
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
in damage after striking
Japan. Four
Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1991.
Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The
National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the
National Weather Service
The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the ...
. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the
Japan Meteorological Agency
The , abbreviated JMA, is an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. It is charged with gathering and providing results for the public in Japan that are obtained from data based on daily scientific observation an ...
(JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the
India Meteorological Department (IMD). The
Météo-France located in
Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM or BoM) is an executive agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas. It was established in 1906 under the Meteorology Act, and brought together ...
(BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the
Fiji Meteorological Service
The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based on the grounds of Nadi Airport in Nadi. The current director of Fiji Meteorological Service is Misaeli Funak ...
(FMS) and the
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the
(PAGASA) and the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC).
Global conditions and hydrological summary
Summary
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id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
id:NATL value:blue legend: North_Atlantic_Ocean
id:EPAC/CPAC value:green legend: East_and_Central_Pacific_Ocean
id:WPAC value:red legend: West_Pacific_Ocean
id:NIO value:orange legend: North_Indian_Ocean
id:SWIO value:purple legend: Southwest_Indian_Ocean
id:SPAC value:yellow legend: South_Pacific_Ocean
id:AUSR value:pink legend: Australian_Region
id:SATL value:black legend: South_Atlantic_Ocean
id:MED value:gray(0.99) legend: Mediterranean_Sea
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barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:08/01/1991 till:18/01/1991 color:SWIO text:"Alison"
from:17/01/1991 till:20/01/1991 color:NIO text:"01A"
from:18/01/1991 till:04/02/1991 color:SWIO text:"Bella
Bella is a feminine given name. It is a diminutive form of names ending in -bella. ''Bella'' is related to the Italian, Spanish, Greek, Portuguese and Latin words for beautiful, to the name Belle, meaning ''beautiful'' in French. It increased in ...
"
from:15/02/1991 till:21/02/1991 color:AUSR text:"Chris"
from:16/02/1991 till:19/02/1991 color:SWIO text:"Cynthia"
from:21/02/1991 till:28/02/1991 color:AUSR text:"Daphne"
from:24/02/1991 till:05/03/1991 color:AUSR text:"Kelvin"
from:26/02/1991 till:05/03/1991 color:AUSR text:"Elma"
from:10/04/1991 till:14/04/1991 color:SATL text:"Unnamed"
bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:25/12/1990 till:31/12/1990 text:Dec. '90
from:01/01/1991 till:31/01/1991 text:January
from:01/02/1991 till:28/02/1991 text:February
from:01/03/1991 till:31/03/1991 text:March
from:01/04/1991 till:30/04/1991 text:April
from:01/05/1991 till:31/05/1991 text:May
from:01/06/1991 till:30/06/1991 text:June
from:01/07/1991 till:31/07/1991 text:July
from:01/08/1991 till:31/08/1991 text:August
from:01/09/1991 till:30/09/1991 text:September
from:01/10/1991 till:31/10/1991 text:October
from:01/11/1991 till:30/11/1991 text:November
from:01/12/1991 till:31/12/1991 text:December
from:01/01/1992 till:10/01/1992 text:Jan. '92
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text:"This table is based on the"
pos:(810,30)
text:"tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the north Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the northern Pacific Ocean, the southwestern Pacific, the southwestern and southeastern Ind ...
"
Systems
January
![Bella jan 30 1991 1055Z](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Bella_jan_30_1991_1055Z.jpg)
January was the least active in terms of
tropical cyclogenesis
Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropical cyclogenesis occurs are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occurs. Tr ...
and named storms, with three tropical systems formed, with two named storms formed.
Tropical Cyclone Bella caused flooding in
Rodrigues.
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Global effects
See also
*
Tropical cyclones by year
The following is a list of tropical cyclones by year. Since the year 957, there have been at least 12,791 recorded tropical or subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, which are known as basins. Collectively, tropical ...
*
List of earthquakes in 1991
*
Tornadoes of 1991
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1991, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear signi ...
Notes
1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.
2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1991 are counted in the seasonal totals.3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.5The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France which uses gust winds.
References
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
US National Hurricane Centernbsp;– North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
Central Pacific Hurricane Centernbsp;– Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agencynbsp;– NW Pacific
India Meteorological Departmentnbsp;–
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...
and the
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea ( ar, اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Bahr al-ˁArabī) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel ...
Météo-France – La Reunionnbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Servicenbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesianbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)nbsp;– South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
Papua New Guinea National Weather Servicenbsp;– South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limitednbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tropical cyclones in 1991
*
Tropical cyclones by year
1991 Atlantic hurricane season
1991 Pacific hurricane season
1991 Pacific typhoon season
1991 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
1990–91 Australian region cyclone season
1991–92 Australian region cyclone season
1990–91 South Pacific cyclone season
1991–92 South Pacific cyclone season
1990–91 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1991–92 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1991-related lists