Tropical Cyclone Effects In Europe
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The effects of
tropical cyclones A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...
in Europe and their extratropical remnants include strong winds, heavy rainfall, and in rare instances,
tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, altho ...
es or
snowfall Snow comprises individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water throughout ...
. Only two modern cyclones officially are being regarded as directly impacting mainland Europe while still fully tropical or subtropical:
Hurricane Vince Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin. Forming in October during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, it strengthened over waters thought to be too cold for tropical development. Vince was the ...
in 2005, which struck southwestern Spain as a tropical depression; and
Subtropical Storm Alpha The name Alpha or Alfa has been used for three subtropical cyclones and one tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean: * Subtropical Storm Alpha (1972), pre-season storm that made landfall in Georgia * Subtropical Storm Alfa (1973), briefly threatened ...
in 2020, which made landfall in northern Portugal at peak intensity. It is possible that Hurricane Debbie in 1961, may have been tropical still, when it made landfall in northwestern Ireland, but this is disputed. It is believed that a
hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...
struck Europe in 1842.
Atlantic hurricane An Atlantic hurricane, also known as tropical storm or simply hurricane, is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, primarily between the months of June and November. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of ...
s generally do not form east of the
30th meridian west The meridian 30° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 30th meridian west forms a great circ ...
, and those that do typically continue to the west. Storms can move around the
Bermuda high The Azores High also known as North Atlantic (Subtropical) High/Anticyclone or the Bermuda-Azores High, is a large subtropical semi-permanent centre of high atmospheric pressure typically found south of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, at the Hor ...
and turn to the northeast and affect Europe. Several
extratropical cyclone Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of ...
s have struck Europe, and they were called colloquially "hurricanes". Some of these
European windstorms European windstorms are powerful extratropical cyclones which form as cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure. They can occur throughout the year, but are most frequent between October and March, with peak intensit ...
had hurricane-force winds of greater than . Those storms are not included in this list.


Climatology and predictions

Advanced meteorological observation stations and ship reports allowed Atlantic hurricanes to be tracked for extended durations, including to the European mainland in some cases, beginning in the 1860s. Most storms that affected Europe have done so from August to October, which is the climatological peak of the
Atlantic hurricane season The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year from June through November when tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean, referred to in North American countries as hurricanes, tropical storms, or tropical depressions. In addition ...
. In a survey of such European tropical cyclones from 1961 to 2010, Dr. Kieran Hickey observed that the storms generally formed west of Africa and recurved to the northeast, or formed off the east coast of the United States and proceeded eastward. Ireland and the United Kingdom experience the most effects, due to their positions far to the west of the rest of Europe. Countries that are as far to the east as
Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
and Russia have experienced tropical cyclone impacts. Tropical-like systems, referred to as " medicanes," are occasionally observed over the Mediterranean. Several of these storms have developed eye-like features and hurricane-force winds; however, their nature is contrary to that of a tropical cyclone. The majority of these storm originate from deep, cold-core lows which they do not fully disassociate from. Additionally, unlike tropical systems,
sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface temperature, is the ocean temperature close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between and below the sea surface. Air mass ...
s above are not required for their development. The
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute , nativename_a = , nativename_r = , logo = , logo_width = , logo_caption = , seal = , seal_width = , seal_caption = , picture = FS IMG 8907 KNMI.jpg , picture_width = 250px , picture_caption = KNMI headquarters in De Bilt , for ...
predicted that by the year 2100,
global warming In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...
would increase greatly the threat of hurricane-force winds to western Europe from former tropical cyclones and hybrid storms, the latter similar to
Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy (unofficially referred to as ''Superstorm Sandy'') was an extremely destructive and strong Atlantic hurricane, as well as the largest Atlantic hurricane on record as measured by diameter, with tropical-storm-force winds spann ...
in 2012, in a paper published in April 2013. One model predicted an increase from 2 to 13 in the number of cyclones with hurricane-force winds in the waters offshore western Europe. The study suggested that conditions favorable for tropical cyclones would expand to the east. A separate study based out of
University of Castilla–La Mancha The University of Castilla–La Mancha (UCLM) is a Spanish university. It offers courses in the cities of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Toledo, Almadén and Talavera de la Reina. This university was recognised by law on 30 June 1982, and began t ...
predicted that hurricanes would develop in the Mediterranean Sea in Septembers by the year 2100, which would threaten countries in southern Europe.


Storms


Pre-1900

*August 1680 – A reconstructed path of a hurricane proposed by researchers from contemporary records, which is thought to have undergone extratropical transition over the North Atlantic before affecting Wales and southern England. *November 18–19, 1724 – One of the most destructive storms ever experienced in Portugal since the early 17th century, caused damage to the east coast of
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and central and northern Portugal. (There is some conjecture whether this storm was a tropical system such as
Hurricane Vince Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin. Forming in October during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, it strengthened over waters thought to be too cold for tropical development. Vince was the ...
in 2005 which impacted Europe). *October 29, 1842 – Research presented to the
American Meteorological Society The American Meteorological Society (AMS) is the premier scientific and professional organization in the United States promoting and disseminating information about the Atmospheric sciences, atmospheric, Oceanography, oceanic, and Hydrology, hydr ...
suggested that the equivalent of a Category 2 hurricane on the
Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms—into five categories distinguished by ...
(SSHWS) was located over the extreme eastern Atlantic Ocean in late October 1842. While passing near
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, the storm produced a minimum pressure of , causing heavy damage there. Moving to the northeast, the cyclone struck southwestern Spain on October 29, with winds estimated at over , which was strong enough to uproot trees and damage houses. Researchers estimated that the storm was becoming extratropical at or shortly after landfall; if tropical, the cyclone would be the only tropical storm to make landfall in continental Europe. The storm was considered an analogue to
Hurricane Vince Hurricane Vince was an unusual hurricane that developed in the northeastern Atlantic basin. Forming in October during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, it strengthened over waters thought to be too cold for tropical development. Vince was the ...
in 2005. *September 1848 – A
hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...
travelled from the Caribbean to the east coast of the United States, eventually dissipating near the United Kingdom. It resulted in one of the earliest completed track maps for an Atlantic hurricane. *September 1, 1883 – An extratropical storm, which previously passed near Bermuda as a major hurricane, crossed over the British Isles, producing hurricane-force winds and rough seas in London. *September 6, 1884 – After moving across Newfoundland as a tropical storm, a system struck Ireland with gusty winds as an
Extratropical Cyclone Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of ...
. *September 6, 1887 – The remnants of Hurricane Ten produced strong winds along the northern Irish coastline. *November 6, 1887 – The 1887 Halloween Tropical Storm that struck Florida became extratropical, moved across the Atlantic Ocean, and eventually brushed southern Ireland before striking France.


1900–1980s

*October 2, 1906 – After tracking across the
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, a former tropical storm dissipated near
Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
, bringing rainfall and strong winds to the United Kingdom. *September 7, 1917 – The remnants of Hurricane Three were noted just south of
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
; impacts, if any, are unknown. *September 26, 1922 – The remnants of Hurricane Two brought gale-force winds to parts of
Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
. *August 26–27, 1927 – The powerful remnants of the 1927 Nova Scotia hurricane moved over
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
with a central pressure of . Hurricane-force winds were measured over the North Atlantic, though winds in Iceland only reached . *September 13–17, 1932 – The extratropical remnants of the
1932 Bahamas hurricane The 1932 Bahamas hurricane, also known as the Great Abaco hurricane of 1932, was a large and powerful Category 5 hurricane that struck the Bahamas at peak intensity. The fourth tropical storm and third hurricane in the 1932 Atlantic hurricane sea ...
later tracked across
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
,
Jan Mayen Island Jan Mayen () is a Norwegian volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean with no permanent population. It is long (southwest-northeast) and in area, partly covered by glaciers (an area of around the Beerenberg volcano). It has two parts: larger nort ...
, northern Scandinavia, and into the far northwestern Soviet Union. Maximum Sustained winds in Finland reached while
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
experienced winds up to . *September 28, 1944 – The remnants of Hurricane Nine merged with another extratropical system over Iceland; impacts, if any, are unknown. *October 16, 1944 – The remnants of Hurricane Twelve moved over the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...
; Maximum sustained winds reached in
Seville, Spain Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...
. *September 17, 1950 – Former Hurricane Dog dissipated near Ireland, after having crossed much of the Atlantic Ocean. *September 17, 1953 – The remnants of Hurricane Dolly dissipated along the coast of Portugal. *September 24–25, 1957 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Carrie Hurricane Carrie was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 1957 Atlantic hurricane season. The third named storm and second hurricane of the year, Carrie formed from an easterly tropical wave off the western coast of Africa on September 2, ...
brought strong winds, waves, and severe flooding to the British Isles, resulting in three fatalities. *October 4, 1958 – The remnants of Hurricane Helene dissipated along the coast of Great Britain. *September 17, 1961 – Hurricane Debbie struck Ireland, although official records are unclear whether it was tropical or not at landfall. Regardless of its status, Debbie produced among the lowest pressures in Europe from a post-tropical cyclone, with a pressure of reported between Ireland and Scotland. At
Malin Head Malin Head ( ga, Cionn Mhálanna) is the most northerly point of mainland Ireland, located in the townland of Ardmalin on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal. The head's northernmost point is called Dunalderagh at latitude 55.38ºN. It is ...
in northwestern Ireland, a gust of was reported, which was the highest gust in a survey of post-tropical cyclones from 1960 to 2009. Sustained winds reached at the same location. The high winds caused heavy damage across Ireland, estimated at over $40 million (1961 USD). There were also 12 deaths in the country. High winds also affected Northern Ireland, killing six people. Debbie's remnants later impacted the Soviet Union. *September 6, 1966 –
Hurricane Faith Hurricane Faith was a long-lived Cape Verde hurricane and was the sixth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1966 Atlantic hurricane season. Faith developed from an area of disturbed weather between Cape Verde and the west coast of Africa on A ...
was officially declared extratropical to the north of Scotland, having tracked as a tropical cyclone. That day, a pressure of was reported in the North Sea, along with winds of . Faith capsized a boat off the coast of Denmark, killing one person, although the other 144 people on board were rescued. The storm later struck Norway with high winds and rainfall, causing flooding, and proceeded to move over the northern Soviet Union. *September 21, 1967 – Hurricane Chloe evolved into an extratropical cyclone off the northern coast of France before moving over western Europe. Details on the storm's impact are unknown, though 14 people drowned when the ''Fiete Schulze'' sank in the Bay of Biscay. *October 13, 1973 –
Hurricane Fran Hurricane Fran caused extensive damage in the United States in early September 1996. The sixth named storm, fifth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season, Fran developed from a tropical wave near Cape Verde on ...
evolved into a powerful extratropical cyclone as it approached the British Isles; it was absorbed by a cold front before moving through the region. Several vessels measured winds up to off the coasts of England and France. *September 1978 – The remnants of Hurricane Flossie produced extreme winds over parts of Northern Scotland, with a peak value of between
Orkney Orkney (; sco, Orkney; on, Orkneyjar; nrn, Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of the island of Great Britain. Orkney is 10 miles (16 km) north ...
and
Shetland Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands and formerly Zetland, is a subarctic archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands and Norway. It is the northernmost region of the United Kingdom. The islands lie about to the no ...
. *October 3, 1981 – The remnants of
Hurricane Irene Hurricane Irene was a large and destructive tropical cyclone which affected much of the Caribbean and East Coast of the United States during late August 2011. The ninth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2011 At ...
moved ashore in France with winds of about . *October 4, 1985 – The warmest October day on record was recorded at
Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...
, Switzerland due to the remnants of
Hurricane Gloria Hurricane Gloria was a powerful hurricane that caused significant damage along the east coast of the United States and in Atlantic Canada during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the first significant tropical cyclone to strike the n ...
. *August 26, 1986 – Former
Hurricane Charley Hurricane Charley was the first of four separate hurricanes to impact or strike Florida during 2004, along with Hurricane Frances, Frances, Hurricane Ivan, Ivan and Hurricane Jeanne, Jeanne, as well as one of the strongest hurricanes ever to ...
moved through Ireland and Great Britain, later dissipating near Denmark. In Dublin, the storm dropped over of rainfall in a 24‑hour period, which set a record and caused severe flooding. Near the city, 451 buildings were flooded after two rivers overflowed their banks. In the
Wicklow Mountains The Wicklow Mountains (, archaic: ''Cualu'') form the largest continuous upland area in the Republic of Ireland. They occupy the whole centre of County Wicklow and stretch outside its borders into the counties of Dublin, Wexford and Carlow. Wh ...
, the rainfall resulted in significant
runoff Runoff, run-off or RUNOFF may refer to: * RUNOFF, the first computer text-formatting program * Runoff or run-off, another name for bleed, printing that lies beyond the edges to which a printed sheet is trimmed * Runoff or run-off, a stock market ...
, which caused erosion along the Cloghoge River. Record-breaking rainfall also occurred in Wales, causing flooding. Throughout Europe, Charley caused 11 deaths, and the Irish government paid $8.65 million (1986 USD) to pay for road and rail repairs. *August 28, 1987 – The remnants of
Hurricane Arlene The name Arlene has been used for eleven tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, making Arlene the most frequently used storm name in the basin. * Tropical Storm Arlene (1959), a tropical storm which brought flooding to Louisiana, killing one pers ...
dissipated over Spain,, which produced heavy rain over parts of southern Spain, as well as Portugal, reaching at
Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...
. Moisture from the storm also fueled rains in Italy.


1990s

*August 29, 1991 – Former
Hurricane Bob Hurricane Bob was one of the costliest hurricanes in New England history. The second named storm and first hurricane of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season, Bob developed from an area of low pressure near The Bahamas on August 16. The depressio ...
dissipated along the coast of Portugal. *October 30, 1992 – The remnants of
Hurricane Frances Hurricane Frances was the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic during 2004 and proved to be very destructive in Florida. It was the sixth named storm, the fourth hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hu ...
dissipated over northwestern Spain, causing heavy rains in northern Portugal. *September 13–15, 1993 – A pressure of was measured as the remnants of
Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was a very powerful Cape Verde hurricane which struck the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd tr ...
struck France. Off the coast of the British Isles and France, a few vessels became stranded in high seas and winds. The Meteorological Office and the National Rivers Authority stated that tides from the storm could be among the highest of the century. In France, gusts reached . Heavy rains around London triggered flooding that closed a few major roads and inundated 50 homes. *August 25, 1995 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Felix Hurricane Felix was an extremely powerful Category 5 Atlantic hurricane which was the southernmost-landfalling Category 5 storm on record, surpassing Hurricane Edith of 1971. It was the sixth named storm, second hurricane, and second Categor ...
dissipated near the Faroe Islands. *September 7–9, 1995 – After becoming a powerful mid-latitude cyclone, with a pressure of and a core of hurricane-force winds, the remnants of
Hurricane Iris Hurricane Iris was a small, but powerful Category 4 hurricane that caused widespread destruction in Belize. Iris was the second-strongest storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, behind Hurricane Michelle. It was the ninth named storm, fift ...
struck the British Isles and France. The storm produced wind gusts up to in France and in Britain. More than of rain fell in parts of
Devon Devon ( , historically known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South West England. The most populous settlement in Devon is the city of Plymouth, followed by Devon's county town, the city of Exeter. Devon is ...
. *October 16, 1996 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Josephine merged with another extratropical low near Iceland. *October 28, 1996 – As an extratropical storm,
Hurricane Lili Hurricane Lili was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, only surpassed by Hurricane Isidore, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili. Lili was the twelfth named storm, f ...
moved across Ireland and the United Kingdom, producing winds up to in
Swansea Swansea (; cy, Abertawe ) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Swansea ( cy, links=no, Dinas a Sir Abertawe). The city is the twenty-fifth largest in ...
in Wales. The storm left thousands without power and damaged about 500 cottages. A storm surge flooded areas along the
River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, se ...
, and high waves nearly grounded an oil rig in
Somerset ( en, All The People of Somerset) , locator_map = , coordinates = , region = South West England , established_date = Ancient , established_by = , preceded_by = , origin = , lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset , lord_ ...
. Damage was estimated at $300 million (1996 USD, £150 million in 1996
pound sterling Sterling (abbreviation: stg; Other spelling styles, such as STG and Stg, are also seen. ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound ( sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, and t ...
s), and there were six deaths. *September 8, 1998 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Danielle merged with another storm north of Ireland, which produced strong waves and high winds in Great Britain that forced some evacuations. The storm also spawned a tornado in England. *September 27, 1998 –
Tropical Storm Ivan The name Ivan was used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, one in the Western Pacific Ocean, one in the South-West Indian Ocean, and one in the Australian region. In the Atlantic: * Hurricane Ivan (1980) – Category 2 hurricane ...
became extratropical near the Azores, and later affected portions of Europe. *September 29, 1998 – Ireland and the United Kingdom experienced rains and gusty winds from the remnants of
Hurricane Karl Hurricane Karl was the most destructive tropical cyclone on record to strike the Mexican state of Veracruz. The eleventh tropical storm, sixth hurricane, and fifth and final major hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, Karl formed from ...
. *October 3, 1998 – Former
Hurricane Jeanne Hurricane Jeanne was a Saffir–Simpson scale, Category 3 hurricane that struck the Caribbean and the Eastern United States in September 2004. It was the deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Mitch, Mitch in 1998 Atlantic hur ...
dissipated over Spain after striking Portugal. *November 9, 1998 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Mitch Hurricane Mitch is the second-deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, causing over 11,000 fatalities in Central America in 1998, including approximately 7,000 in Honduras and 3,800 in Nicaragua due to cataclysmic flooding from the slow motion ...
produced wind gusts that left over 30,000 homes without power in Ireland. The winds also knocked down trees, one of which severely injured a driver. *December 3—4, 1999 – Storm Anatol passed from Ireland to Latvia with wind speeds over 50 m/s, causing at least 6 deaths. Storm Lothar on December 26 also carried wind speeds over 50 m/s, followed by Storm Martin with 36 m/s wind on December 27, also bringing destruction.


2000s

*August 24, 2000 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Alberto crossed western Iceland with gale-force winds. *October 3, 2000 – As an extratropical storm,
Hurricane Isaac Hurricane Isaac was a deadly and destructive tropical cyclone that came ashore in the U.S. state of Louisiana during August 2012. The ninth named storm and fourth hurricane of the annual hurricane season, Isaac originated from a tropical w ...
moved across Northern Ireland and Scotland with gale-force winds, which swept the
blue-winged warbler The blue-winged warbler (''Vermivora cyanoptera'') is a fairly common New World warbler, long and weighing . It breeds in eastern North America in southern Ontario and the eastern United States. Its range is extending northwards, where it is rep ...
bird to the continent for the first time on record. *October 10, 2000 – The National Hurricane Center tracked the remnants of
Tropical Storm Leslie The name Leslie has been used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. * Tropical Storm Leslie (2000), weak tropical storm that impacted Bermuda, Florida, Cuba, and Newfoundland. * Hurricane Leslie (2012), long-lived Category 1 hurricane t ...
to a position just off the west coast of Ireland. It proceeded to move across the British Isles. *October 23, 2002 – An extratropical storm absorbed Hurricane Kyle and later passed near the British Isles, causing one death due to rough seas. *April 28, 2003 – After being absorbed by a
cold front A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air at ground level that replaces a warmer mass of air and lies within a pronounced surface trough of low pressure. It often forms behind an extratropical cyclone (to the west in the Norther ...
, the remnants of Tropical Storm Ana crossed the British Isles and dropped rainfall. *October 10, 2003 – Former Hurricane Kate produced in Scotland after passing south of Iceland the previous day. *August 8, 2004 – The remnants of Hurricane Alex produced of rainfall in portions of
County Down County Down () is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. It covers an area of and has a population of 531,665. It borders County Antrim to the ...
in Northern Ireland. *August 16, 2004 – Heavy rainfall from former
Tropical Storm Bonnie The name Bonnie has been used for ten tropical cyclones worldwide, eight in the Atlantic Ocean (one of which crossed over into the eastern Pacific Ocean) and one each in the Western Pacific and the Australian region of the Southern Hemisphere. In t ...
, reaching , caused flooding in
Derry Derry, officially Londonderry (), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name ''Derry'' is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name (modern Irish: ) meaning 'oak grove'. The ...
, Northern Ireland. *August 23, 2004 – The third storm to affect Northern Ireland in the month, former
Hurricane Charley Hurricane Charley was the first of four separate hurricanes to impact or strike Florida during 2004, along with Hurricane Frances, Frances, Hurricane Ivan, Ivan and Hurricane Jeanne, Jeanne, as well as one of the strongest hurricanes ever to ...
, dropped about of rainfall. *September 28, 2004 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Karl Hurricane Karl was the most destructive tropical cyclone on record to strike the Mexican state of Veracruz. The eleventh tropical storm, sixth hurricane, and fifth and final major hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, Karl formed from ...
dissipated after striking northwestern Norway, producing high winds and surf but little damage. *October 3, 2004 – Light rainfall of around , associated with former Hurricane Lisa, affected Northern Ireland, and a tornado related to the system was reported in England. *September 14, 2005 – The remnants of
Hurricane Maria Hurricane Maria was a deadly Saffir–Simpson scale#Category 5, Category 5 Tropical cyclone, hurricane that devastated the northeastern Caribbean in September 2017, particularly Dominica, Saint Croix, and Puerto Rico. It is regarded as the wo ...
merged with an extratropical storm in the far northeastern Atlantic Ocean, dropping of rainfall on the island of
Skye The Isle of Skye, or simply Skye (; gd, An t-Eilean Sgitheanach or ; sco, Isle o Skye), is the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The island's peninsulas radiate from a mountainous hub dominated b ...
in Scotland. The system produced an
atmospheric river An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band. Atmospheric river ...
over Norway, in combination with moisture from former
Hurricane Nate Hurricane Nate was an Atlantic hurricane which was the costliest natural disaster in Costa Rican history. An unusually fast-moving tropical cyclone, it caused severe flooding in Central America, leading to widespread destruction and casualties ...
. The systems dropped heavy rainfall, reaching about of rainfall in some areas. The rains amounted to about 5% of the annual precipitation total in just 12 hours. In
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of ...
– the second largest city in the country – the rains caused a mudslide that destroyed several homes, injured seven, and killed three people. This was the first heavy precipitation event named by The
Norwegian Meteorological Institute The Norwegian Meteorological Institute ( no, Meteorologisk institutt), also known internationally as MET Norway, is Norway's national meteorological institute. It provides weather forecasts for civilian and military uses and conducts research in ...
, who named it extreme weather Kirstin. *September 22, 2005 – Former
Hurricane Ophelia The name Ophelia has been used for eleven tropical cyclones worldwide for four in the Atlantic and Western Pacific, and three in the Southwest Pacific. In the Atlantic Ocean: * Hurricane Ophelia (2005) – a slow-moving Category 1 hurricane that b ...
moved across the
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...
. *September 29 – October 6, 2005 – Former
Hurricane Rita Hurricane Rita was the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Gulf of Mexico and the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded. Part of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which included three of the top ten L ...
moved across
Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...
bringing fronts all over the continent. *October 11, 2005 – Tropical Depression Vince made landfall near
Huelva Huelva (, ) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is between two short rias though has an outlying spur including nature reserve on the Gulf of Cádiz coast. The rias ...
, Spain and dissipated shortly thereafter, making it the first tropical cyclone on record to reach the Iberian Peninsula. Vince previously formed near
Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
, and intensified into a hurricane before weakening. Vince produced wind gusts as strong as in
Rota, Cádiz The town of Rota is a Spanish municipality located in the Province of Cádiz, Andalusia. Its surface area is 84 km2 and is bordered by the towns of Chipiona, Sanlúcar de Barrameda and El Puerto de Santa María. It is located near the city of ...
, and rainfall reached in Córdoba Province. The rains caused minor roadway flooding. *June 19, 2006 – As an extratropical cyclone, former Tropical Storm Alberto crossed the British Isles and was absorbed by a frontal system. Winds were unusually strong for the month of June, with a peak gust of recorded at
Capel Curig Capel Curig (; meaning " Curig's Chapel") is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies in the heart of Snowdonia, on the River Llugwy, and has a population of 226, reducing slightly to 206 ...
in Wales. *September 21, 2006 –
Hurricane Gordon Hurricane Gordon was a long-lived and catastrophic late-season hurricane of the 1994 Atlantic hurricane season. The twelfth and final tropical cyclone of the season, Gordon formed as a tropical depression in the southwestern Caribbean on Novem ...
became extratropical about west of the coast of Portugal and proceeded to pass just north of the Spanish province of Galicia before turning to the north and looping off western Ireland. In Spain, the former hurricane produced wind gusts of at Punta Candieira in Galicia, and waves of in height along the coast. The winds left about 100,000 people without power in Spain and caused four injuries there. High winds also left 126,000 people without power in Northern Ireland, where one injury occurred. The storm brought moist air that contributed to record warm temperatures across portions of the United Kingdom. *September 28, 2006 – The remnants of Hurricane Helene merged with an extratropical storm over Scotland, producing wind gusts in the
Outer Hebrides The Outer Hebrides () or Western Isles ( gd, Na h-Eileanan Siar or or ("islands of the strangers"); sco, Waster Isles), sometimes known as the Long Isle/Long Island ( gd, An t-Eilean Fada, links=no), is an island chain off the west coast ...
of Scotland. *October 4, 2008 – A large extratropical storm absorbed former Tropical Storm Laura to the south of Iceland, which later caused road flooding in Great Britain. *August 27, 2009 – The remnants of Hurricane Bill dropped of rainfall in
Shap Shap is a linear village and civil parish located among fells and isolated dales in Eden district, Cumbria, England, in the historic county of Westmorland. The parish had a population of 1,221 in 2001, increasing slightly to 1,264 at the 2011 ...
, England. *October 6, 2009 –
Tropical Storm Grace The name Grace has been used for nineteen tropical cyclones worldwide: six in the Atlantic Ocean, ten in the Western Pacific Ocean, two in the Australian region of the South Pacific Ocean. and one in the South-West Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic: * ...
, which formed farther northeast than any other storm since 1972, became extratropical about southwest of Cork, Ireland. When the remnants moved over Wales and Great Britain, they dropped locally heavy rainfall, reaching in
Sennybridge Sennybridge ( cy, Pontsenni) is a village in the historic county of Brecknockshire, Wales, now within the unitary authority area of Powys, situated some from Cardiff and from Swansea. It lies west of Brecon on the A40 trunk road to Llandover ...
, Wales in a 24‑hour period.


2010s

*September 12, 2011 – An extratropical cyclone, formerly
Hurricane Katia The name Katia has been used for four tropical cyclones worldwide. In the Atlantic Ocean: The name replaced '' Katrina'' after that name was retired in 2006. * Hurricane Katia (2011) – powerful Category 4 hurricane that affected Europe as a po ...
, moved across northern Scotland, producing strong wind gusts that reached at the top of the
Cairngorms The Cairngorms ( gd, Am Monadh Ruadh) are a mountain range in the eastern Highlands of Scotland closely associated with the mountain Cairn Gorm. The Cairngorms became part of Scotland's second national park (the Cairngorms National Park) on 1 S ...
mountain. The winds left thousands of houses without power, while heavy rainfall caused localized flooding. A falling tree killed a bus driver in
County Durham County Durham ( ), officially simply Durham,UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. is a ceremonial county in North East England.North East Assembly About North East E ...
, and the unsettled weather from Katia contributed to a car accident on the
M54 motorway The M54 is a 23-mile (37 km) east-west motorway in the counties of Shropshire and Staffordshire, England. It is also referred to as the Telford motorway, after the road's primary westbound destination, the town of Telford. It cost £65  ...
that killed one person. Katia was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on September 13, which subsequently caused high winds and power outages in Estonia and Russia. *October 6, 2011 – The remnants of
Hurricane Ophelia The name Ophelia has been used for eleven tropical cyclones worldwide for four in the Atlantic and Western Pacific, and three in the Southwest Pacific. In the Atlantic Ocean: * Hurricane Ophelia (2005) – a slow-moving Category 1 hurricane that b ...
combined with a cold front to produce winds and snowfall in Scotland. *September 12, 2012 – The remnants of Hurricane Leslie struck Iceland with gusty winds, which left about 30,000 people without power after ice-laden lines were blown down. *September 23, 2012 – Tropical Storm Nadine regenerated southeast of the Azores after having become extratropical a few days prior. The storm would become one of the longest-lasting Atlantic tropical cyclones. While it was nearly stationary, Nadine produced a plume of moisture that dropped heavy rainfall over the United Kingdom, reaching in
Ravensworth Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in the Holmedale valley, within the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately north-west of Richmond and from Darlington. The parish has a population of 255, according ...
. The rains flooded houses and disrupted roads and rails. In early October, the remnants of Nadine dropped heavy rainfall in Wales. *October 26–27, 2012 – After moving ashore in central Portugal, the extratropical cyclone that was formerly
Hurricane Rafael Hurricane Rafael produced minor damage in the northeastern Caribbean Sea in mid-October 2012. The seventeenth named storm and ninth hurricane of the 2012 hurricane season, Rafael originated from a tropical wave roughly 230 mi (370&nbs ...
dissipated. In mountainous areas of southern France, wind gusts reached . Just offshore
Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
, Spain, three
waterspout A waterspout is an intense columnar vortex (usually appearing as a funnel cloud, funnel-shaped cloud) that occurs over a body of water. Some are connected to a cumulus congestus cloud, some to a cumuliform cloud and some to a cumulonimbus clou ...
s formed, though all remained offshore. *August 10–11, 2014 – The remnants of
Hurricane Bertha The name Bertha has been used for ten tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. * Tropical Storm Bertha (1957), a moderate tropical storm that threatened areas devastated by Hurricane Audrey two months earlier, but did not become a hurricane and ca ...
brought heavy rainfall and high winds for the time of year to Ireland, the UK and northern France. *August 31 – September 1, 2014 – The remnants of
Hurricane Cristobal Hurricane Cristobal was a moderately strong Atlantic tropical cyclone that affected multiple landmasses from Puerto Rico to Iceland in late August and early September 2014. Slow to develop and plagued by unfavorable wind shear for most of ...
caused gusty winds and heavy rainfall in
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
, especially in
Reykjavík Reykjavík ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay. Its latitude is 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. With a po ...
. The fire department received many calls of flooded buildings, while Reykjavík's airport recorded wind gusts as high as . *October 21–24, 2014 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Gonzalo Hurricane Gonzalo was the second tropical cyclone, after Hurricane Fay, to directly strike the island of Bermuda in a one-week time frame in October 2014, and was the first Category 4 hurricane, Category4 Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Opheli ...
reached Europe with wind gusts of recorded in Wales and the Isle of Wight. Downed trees blocked roads and strong winds disrupted transportation. In Southwick, West Sussex three people were injured by falling trees with one woman killed in London. Two men also died in separate accidents in Essex and Merseyside. The remnants then proceeded to batter Central Europe. Stuttgart had gusts up to , Munich Airport up to . Much snow fell in the Alps. As of October 23, Gonzalo's remnants had moved to the Aegean Sea. On October 24, rainfall "tied to the remnants of Hurricane Gonzalo" caused intense flooding in Athens, Greece. *June 25–27, 2015 –
Tropical Storm Bill The name Bill has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean. * Hurricane Bill (1997), threatened Bermuda, but passed the island without incident * Tropical Storm Bill (2003), made landfall west of New Orleans killing four and causin ...
's remnants caused flash flooding in North East England and brought warm temperatures across England and Wales. *September 14–17, 2015 –
Tropical Storm Henri The name Henri has been used for six tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean: *Hurricane Henri (1979), took unusual route around Yucatán Peninsula, caused no significant damage * Tropical Storm Henri (1985), crossed Long Island as a weak storm, ...
's remnants left severe thunderstorms in Germany and France, bringing winds as gusty as , and killing two people. *October 11–15, 2015 –
Hurricane Joaquin Hurricane Joaquin (, ) was a powerful tropical cyclone that devastated several districts of The Bahamas and caused damage in the Turks and Caicos Islands, parts of the Greater Antilles, and Bermuda. It was also the strongest Atlantic hurricane o ...
's remnants bought heavy rain across
Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...
. *November 15–16, 2015 – Hurricane Kate's remnants brought heavy rain and high winds to Wales. *September 13–16, 2016 – Storm Stephanie, cyclonically looped across the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay (), known in Spain as the Gulf of Biscay ( es, Golfo de Vizcaya, eu, Bizkaiko Golkoa), and in France and some border regions as the Gulf of Gascony (french: Golfe de Gascogne, oc, Golf de Gasconha, br, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn), ...
, exhibited subtropical characteristics on September 15, according to
Météo-France Météo-France is the French national meteorological service. Organisation The organisation was established by decree in June 1993 and is a department of the Ministry of Transportation. It is headquartered in Paris but many domestic operatio ...
; first reported example of a "Biscane" (in analogy with Medicane (Mediterranean hurricanes)). *October 16–17, 2017 – The remnants of
Hurricane Ophelia The name Ophelia has been used for eleven tropical cyclones worldwide for four in the Atlantic and Western Pacific, and three in the Southwest Pacific. In the Atlantic Ocean: * Hurricane Ophelia (2005) – a slow-moving Category 1 hurricane that b ...
hit Ireland, causing 3 deaths and power outages in Ireland, Northern Ireland, and Wales, with winds reaching almost 100 miles per hour. Over 1000 homes went without power in Scotland as well as causing winds of 76 miles per hour *November 10–20, 2017 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Rina hit the United Kingdom and Ireland on the night of November 10 and into the following day. *August 18–19, 2018 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Ernesto brought rainfall to Ireland and the United Kingdom. After undergoing an
extratropical transition Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of p ...
, Ernesto accelerated towards the British Isles. Storm Ernesto brought heavy rain, which caused some flooding, and wind gusts of up to . Ernesto's warmth humidity brought muggy conditions to the British Isles. *September 17–18, 2018 – The remnants of Hurricane Helene brought strong winds to Ireland, the United Kingdom and Norway. *October 13, 2018 – Hurricane Leslie transitioned to an extratropical cyclone, and on the same day made landfall in Portugal, causing damage throughout the country's central coast. *October 16, 2018 –
Hurricane Michael Hurricane Michael was a very powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that became the first Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States since Andrew in 1992. It was the third-most intense Atlantic hurricane to ma ...
's remnants reached Portugal and Spain as an extratropical cyclone. *On September 12, 2019 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Gabrielle struck Ireland. Later, it struck Great Britain. *September 24, 2019 – The extratropical remnants of
Hurricane Humberto (2019) Hurricane Humberto was a large and powerful tropical cyclone that caused extensive wind damage in Bermuda during September 2019. It was the eighth named storm, third hurricane, and second major hurricane – Category 3 or higher on the Saff ...
struck the British Isles. *October 2–4, 2019 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Lorenzo affects the Azores and the United Kingdom. *November 27–28, 2019 – The extratropical remnants of late-season storm Tropical Storm Sebastien strike England causing
gale-force The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. History The scale was devised in 1805 by the Irish hydrographer Francis Beaufort ...
winds and triggering many flood alerts across the country.


2020s

*July 9–11, 2020 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Edouard affected the
British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...
and northern Europe before dissipating over the
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
near
Western Russia European Russia (russian: Европейская Россия, russian: европейская часть России, label=none) is the western and most populated part of Russia. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the cou ...
. *September 9, 2020 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Omar briefly affected northern
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
before finally dissipating. *September 18, 2020 –
Subtropical Storm Alpha The name Alpha or Alfa has been used for three subtropical cyclones and one tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean: * Subtropical Storm Alpha (1972), pre-season storm that made landfall in Georgia * Subtropical Storm Alfa (1973), briefly threatened ...
made landfall in
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
at peak intensity. *November 1–2, 2020 - The remnants of
Hurricane Zeta Hurricane Zeta was a late-season major hurricane in 2020 that made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula and then in southeastern Louisiana, the latest on record to do so at such strength in the United States. Zeta was the record-tying sixth hurr ...
affected the
British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...
. *November 15, 2020 - weakening Tropical Storm Theta passes close to
Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
. *October 8, 2021 - Ex tropical remnants of
Hurricane Sam Hurricane Sam was a strong, long-lived Cape Verde hurricane that threatened Bermuda, lasting from late September through early October. It was the fifth longest-lasting intense Atlantic hurricane, as measured by accumulated cyclone energy, since r ...
past by Iceland and Greenland. *June 10–11 2022 - The extratropical low of Tropical Storm Alex passes between
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
and the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
. *September 12–15, 2022 - Remnants of Hurricane Danielle caused flooding and landslides in Portugal before dissipating offshore. *November 5–7, 2022 - Remnants of
Hurricane Martin The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season since 1997 in which no tropical cyclones formed in August, and the first season on record to do so during a La Niña year. It was a fairly average hurricane season with an average number ...
brought strong winds and high sea swells to Ireland.


See also

*
List of South America hurricanes A South American hurricane is a tropical cyclone that affects the continent of South America or its countries. The continent is rarely affected by tropical cyclones, though most storms to hit the area are formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. Typic ...
*
List of United States hurricanes The list of United States hurricanes includes all tropical cyclones officially recorded to have produced sustained winds of greater than in the United States, which is the minimum threshold for hurricane intensity. The list, which is sorted by U ...
*
European windstorm European windstorms are powerful extratropical cyclones which form as cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure. They can occur throughout the year, but are most frequent between October and March, with peak intensit ...
(fully extratropical) – the main type of storms that occur in Europe *
Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones, often referred to as medicanes (a portmanteau of Mediterranean hurricanes) but sometimes also as Mediterranean cyclones or as Mediterranean hurricanes, are meteorological phenomena occasionally observed over ...
(partially-tropical) – storms that show a varying degree of similarity to Atlantic tropical cyclones


Notes


References

{{Reflist, 30em
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
Europe-related lists