''Treaty 11'', the last of the

Numbered Treaties The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the First Nations, one of three groups of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and the reigning monarch of Canada (Victoria, Edward VII or George V) ...

, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. Born duri ...

and various

First Nation Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...

band government In Canada, an Indian band or band (french: bande indienne, link=no), sometimes referred to as a First Nation band (french: bande de la Première Nation, link=no) or simply a First Nation, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subjec ...

s in what is today the

Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories (abbreviated ''NT'' or ''NWT''; french: Territoires du Nord-Ouest, formerly ''North-Western Territory'' and ''North-West Territories'' and namely shortened as ''Northwest Territory'') is a federal territory of Canada. ...

. Henry Anthony Conroy was appointed treaty commissioner and conducted the negotiations and signings in 1921. However, he was unable to gain signatures from some bands in the Liard district during that summer. Further complicating matters was Conroy's death in April 1922. Thomas William Harris, the

Indian Agent In United States history, an Indian agent was an individual authorized to interact with American Indian tribes on behalf of the government. Background The federal regulation of Indian affairs in the United States first included development of t ...

Fort Simpson Fort Simpson (Slavey language: ''Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́'' "place where rivers come together") is a village, the only one in the entire territory, in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community is located on an ...

, Conroy's replacement, conducted the remaining treaty signings at Liard in July 1922. The signatories included Bishop Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat of the

Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie The Vicariate Apostolic of Mackenzie ( la, Vicariatus Apostolicus Mackenziensis) was formerly part of the Athabaska-Mackenzie Vicariate and became a separate entity in 1901. It encompassed the Yukon with the remainder of the territory being renamed ...

.Treaty No. 11 (27 June 1921) and Adhesion (17 July 1922) with Reports, etc.
/ref> The boundary between

Treaty 8 Treaty 8, which concluded with the June 21, 1899 signing by representatives of the Crown and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area, is the most comprehensive of the one of eleven Numbered Treaties. The agreement encompassed a la ...

and Treaty 11 is ambiguous. The

Yellowknives Dene First Nation The Yellowknives Dene First Nation is a band government in the Northwest Territories. It represents the Yellowknives people, namesake of the territorial capital Yellowknife. Its membership primarily resides in two communities: Ndilǫ, bordering t ...

is a signatory to Treaty 8, but according to the text of the treaties the Yellowknife Nation's territory, known as Chief Drygeese Territory, is within Treaty 11.

Timeline

* 27 June 1921: Fort Providence signing * 11 July 1921:

signing * 13 July 1921: Fort Wrigley signing * 15 July 1921: Fort Norman signing * 21 July 1921: Good Hope signing * 26 July 1921: Arctic Red River signing * 28 July 1921: Fort McPherson signing * 22 August 1921: Fort Rae signing * 27 April 1922: treaty commissioner Henry Anthony Conroy dies * 17 July 1922: Liard signing under new commissioner Harris

List of ''Treaty 11'' First Nations

Acho Dene Koe First Nation The Acho Dene Koe First Nation is a Dene band government based in Fort Liard, Northwest Territories, Canada. Its main community is the Hamlet of Fort Liard. Acho Dene Koe First Nation has an existing treaty land claim settlement with the Govern ...

Aklavik First Nation The Aklavik First Nation is a Gwich'in First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is located in Aklavik, a mixed community of First Nations, Inuit, and non-Indigenous people. The Aklavik First Nation, also known as th ...

Behdzi Ahda' First Nation The Behdzi Ahda' First Nation is a Dene First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Colville Lake. The Behdzi Ahda' First Nation is a member of the Sahtu Dene Council. Under the Sahtu Dene and Metis ...

Dechi Laot'i First Nations The Dechi Laot'i First Nations is a Tłı̨chǫ First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Wekweètì, known before 2005 as Snare Lake, where 173 of its 193 members live. In 2 ...

Deh Gáh Got'ı̨ę First Nation The Deh Gáh Got'ı̨ę First Nation is a Dene First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Fort Providence, where 799 of its registered members live. The Deh G ...

Délı̨nę First Nation The Délı̨nę First Nation is a Dene First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Deline, Délı̨nę, the only populated place on Great Bear Lake. All of its powers and respon ...

Dog Rib Rae First Nation The Dog Rib Rae First Nation is a Tłı̨chǫ (formerly known as Dogrib) First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Behchokǫ̀ Behchokǫ̀ ( ɛ́ht͡ʃʰókʰõ̀or ɛ́ht͡sʰókʰõ̀ ) (from ...

Fort Good Hope First Nation The Fort Good Hope First Nation is a Dene First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Fort Good Hope. The Fort Good Hope First Nation is a member of the Sahtu Dene Council. Und ...

Gameti First Nation The Gameti First Nation is a Tłı̨chǫ First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Gamètì, known before 2005 as Rae Lakes, where 319 of its 366 members live. In 2005, Gamet ...

Gwichya Gwich'in First Nation The Gwichya Gwich'in First Nation is a Gwich'in First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is located in Tsiigehtchic, a small, predominantly Gwich'in community on the Arctic Red River. The Gwich ...

Inuvik Native Band The Inuvik Native Band is a Gwich'in First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is located in Inuvik, a mixed community where First Nations, Inuit, and non-Indigenous people live in approximately equal numbers. The I ...

Jean Marie River First Nation The Jean Marie River First Nation, known as Tthets'ék'ehdélı̨ in its own Dene language, is a First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Jean Marie River. ...

Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation The Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation is a Dene First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Kakisa, the smallest in the territory. The Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation is a member of the Dehcho First ...

Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ First Nation The Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́ First Nation is a Dene First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Fort Simpson (Łı́ı́dlı̨ı̨ Kų́ę́), where 764 of its registered membe ...

Nahɂą Dehé Dene Band The Nahɂą Dehé Dene Band is a Dene First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band inhabits the small community of Nahanni Butte, where 121 of its members live. The remaining 19 band members reside elsewhere. The Nahɂą ...

Pehdzeh Ki First Nation The Pehdzeh Ki First Nation is a member of the Dehcho First Nations in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The Pehdzeh Ki First Nation is located in Wrigley. The community is located along the Mackenzie River and the Mackenzie Highway ends at W ...

Sambaa K'e First Nation The Sambaa Kʼe First Nation is a Dene First Nations in Canada, First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band is headquartered in the community of Sambaa Kʼe, formerly Trout Lake. The Sambaa Kʼe First Nation is a member o ...

* Tetlit Gwich'in First Nation *

Tulita Dene First Nation The Tulita Dene First Nation is a Dene First Nations band government in the Northwest Territories. The band's main community is Tulita, along the Mackenzie River. The Tulita Dene First Nation is a member of the Sahtu Dene Council. Under the Sa ...

* West Point First Nation * Wha Ti First Nation

References

External links

Treaty Texts - Treaty No. 11
from the Government of Canada

NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre

photograph of the treaty. Further down the page are pictures of Chief Jimmy Bruneau, one of the original signatories, in his Treaty Suit.

Numbered Treaties Treaties concluded in 1922 {{Canada-law-stub

Timeline

List of ''Treaty 11'' First Nations

See also

References

External links