Transport express régional (, usually shortened to TER) is the brand name used by the SNCF, the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the regional councils of France, specifically their organised transport authorities. The network serves French regions;

Île-de-France The Île-de-France (, ; literally "Isle of France") is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France. Centred on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the ''Région parisienne'' (; en, Pa ...

( Transilien) and Corsica (

CFC CFC, cfc, or Cfc may stand for: Science and technology * Chlorofluorocarbon, a class of chemical compounds * Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome, a rare and serious genetic disorder * Subpolar oceanic climate (''Cfc'' in the Köppen climate classific ...

) have their own specific transport systems. Every day, over 800,000 passengers are carried on 5,700 TER-branded trains.Le TER en 2030
''SNCF'' Retrieved 2011-02-15 TER is part of SNCF Voyageurs, a branch of the SNCF dealing with urban and regional passenger rail, which also includes Transilien, Intercités, Chemins de fer de la Corse (CFC), Keolis, and Effia.

Overview

SNCF established the TER system in 1984 to provide a framework for the management of regional passenger services. Since the end of the 1990s, it has been closely coordinated with the regional councils, who sign an agreement with SNCF on the designated routes, the number of connections, the fares and the service levels. TER services are heavily subsidised by French taxpayers. On average, 72% of the cost is borne by the State and the regional councils, with the travellers paying only about 28% of the cost. This cost tends to increase over time because the regional councils have steadily expanded the number of services. TER trains consist of single or multiple-unit diesel, electric or dual-mode rail cars, as well as some Corail carriages previously used on intercity routes.

Transfer of administration

Seven régions have been experimenting with the transfer of administration of the regional rail network since 1997:

Alsace Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it ha ...

, the

Centre-Val de Loire Centre-Val de Loire (, , ,In isolation, ''Centre'' is pronounced . ) or Centre Region (french: région Centre, link=no, ), as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen Regions of France, administrative regions of France. It straddles the mi ...

, Nord-Pas-de-Calais (the North),

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (; or , ; commonly shortened to PACA; en, Provence-Alps-French Riviera, italic=yes; also branded as Région Sud) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, the far southeastern on the mainland. Its prefe ...

, Rhône-Alpes and the Pays de la Loire (Loire Valley), and, since January 1999, Limousin. In 1998, the traffic increased to an average of 4.9% in these seven régions compared with 3.2% in other regions. A few other regions are in turn signing on ''conventions interimédiaires'' in order to prepare for the increasing decentralization of the network: in particular, Haute-Normandie in September 1997, Midi-Pyrénées and

Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The ...

November 1997,

Picardy Picardy (; Picard and french: Picardie, , ) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Hauts-de-France. It is located in the northern part of France. Hist ...

in January 1998, and Lorraine in February 1998.

History of the regionalization of passenger trains

* 31 March 1994: The publication of the report ''Régions, SNCF : vers un renouveau du service public'' by the Haenel commission. * 4 February 1995: The law of management and development of territory organized the transfer of responsibility of collective transportation in the interest of administrative regions. * 19 December 1996: Signing of the first convention with the region of Rhône-Alpes.

Budgets affecting the public rail network

Several figures released by the regions: These figures do not take into account infrastructure expenses.

TER and tourism

The SNCF have designated ten TER services as ''trains touristiques'' (touristic trains). They are: * The Chemins de fer de Corse ( Corsican trains) : trains operated from

Bastia Bastia (, , , ; co, Bastìa ) is a communes of France, commune in the Departments of France, department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is located in the northeast of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse. It also has the second-hi ...

and

L'Île-Rousse L'Île-Rousse (; co, Lìsula, , or , ; it, Isola Rossa, ; ) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It was founded in 1758 by Pasquale Paoli to create a port that would not be in the hands of the Genoe ...

to Ajaccio * The Train des Merveilles (Train of Wonders) : trains operated in the hills of

Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative c ...

between the metropolis and Tende * The Train des Gorges de l'Allier (Allier Gorges train) : trains operated between Langeac and Langogne. * The Ligne de Saint Gervais – Vallorcine (Mont-Blanc Express) * The Ligne de Cerdagne/''train jaune'' (Yellow Train) : trains operated from Villefranche-de-Conflent and Latour-de-Carol- Enveitg (Andorra/Spain borders) * The Autorail Espérance (Hope rail car) : gastronomical train between Bergerac and Sarlat * The Chemin de fer du Blanc-Argent : services between Valençay and Salbris * The Train des Alpes (Alps train) : trains operated between

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Fran ...

and Briançon (Intervilles trains) and between Gap and

Grenoble lat, Gratianopolis , commune status = Prefecture and commune , image = Panorama grenoble.png , image size = , caption = From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint- ...

* The Ligne des Hirondelles (Swallows line) : between

Dole Dole may refer to: Places * Dole, Ceredigion, Wales * Dole, Idrija, Slovenia * Dole, Jura, France ** Arrondissement of Dole * Dole (Kladanj), a village at the entity line of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina-Republika Srpska * Dole, Ljubuški, ...

and Saint-Claude * The Ligne de la Côte Bleue (Blue Coast line) : suburban services operated from

to Miramas or

Avignon Avignon (, ; ; oc, Avinhon, label=Provençal or , ; la, Avenio) is the prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the commune ha ...

TGV via the Blue Coast creeks.

References

External links

TER
- official {{DEFAULTSORT:Transport express regional SNCF brands