Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 m ...

's M family of engines were a longitudinally mounted

straight-6 The straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine bal ...

engine design. They were used from the 1960s through the 1990s. All M family engines were OHC designs. While the M family was born with a chain-driven single

camshaft A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...

it evolved into a belt drive

DOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion ch ...

system after 1980. All M family engines used a

cast-iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuriti ...

block with an

aluminum Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It h ...

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinder (engine), cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas ...

, and were built at the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City, Japan. The M-E variant, available only in the

Japanese domestic market Japanese domestic market (JDM) refers to Japan's home market for vehicles and vehicle parts. There is a common misconception that any Japanese branded car is JDM; however, this is not true. Only a vehicle made in Japan specifically to be sold ...

, was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with

fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All com ...

(at the same time as the 4-cylinder 18R-E). The 4M-E was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with

for non-Japanese markets. The M family were Toyota's most prestigious engines (apart from the uncommon '' V family'' V8) for 30 years. They were commonly found on the large

Toyota Crown The is an automobile which has been produced by Toyota in Japan since 1955. It is primarily a line of mid-size luxury cars that is marketed as an upmarket offering in the Toyota lineup. Introduced in 1955 as the Toyopet Crown, it has serve ...

, Mark II, and Supra models.

M

The first M was a version produced from 1965 through 1988. It was a 2-valve

SOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion ch ...

engine. Cylinder bore and stroke was square at . Output was at 5,200 to 5600 rpm, depending on specifications and model year. Typical torque is at 3,800 rpm. The "M-C" engine, for commercial vehicles such as the Crown Van produces . Twin sidedraft SU Carburettors pushed output for the M-B and M-D to at 5,800 rpm. Anti emissions versions, the M-U and M-EU, replaced the M and M-E on the Japanese market in mid 1976. The emissions system was called TTC ( Toyota Total Clean), with a "-C" to denote the installation of a catalytic converter. For commercial vehicles, the emissions controlled carburetted version was called the M-J. Applications (calendar years): * 1962–1967

MS40 (second generation) * 1967–1971

MS50 (third generation) * 1971–1974

MS60/62/70 (fourth generation) * 1974–1979

MS80/82/87/90/100/102/107 (fifth generation) * 1979–1983

MS117V (seventh generation) * 1972–1979 Toyota Corona Mark II X10/20/30/40

M-P

An LPG version, the M-P and M-PU was produced from 1966 through 1989. The earliest models were simply called the M-LPG, with the emissions scrubbed M-PU replacing it in mid-1976. * 1983–1987

MS120 (seventh generation) * 1987–1989

MS130 (eighth generation)

M-E

The M-E appeared in the 1972–1976 Toyota Corona Mark II LG sedan and hardtop as sold in Japan. It was not sold outside Japan. The M-E was redesignated as the ''M-EU'' for the Japanese market in December 1976 when it received the TTC-C ( Toyota Total Clean), catalytic converter to meet anti-emissions laws. Applications (calendar years): * 1972–1980 Toyota Corona Mark II L and LG sedan and hardtop

M-TEU

The

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

M-TEU appeared in 1980 with at 5,600 rpm and at 3,000 rpm. It used a

Garret A garret is a habitable attic, a living space at the top of a house or larger residential building, traditionally, small, dismal, and cramped, with sloping ceilings. In the days before elevators this was the least prestigious position in a bui ...

T-03 turbo. In 1983, Toyota added an air/water

intercooler An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Internal combustion engines ...

to the M-TEU. Output was bumped to at 5,600 rpm and at 3,000 rpm. Applications (calendar years): * 1980 Toyota Supra ''MA46'' * 1980 Toyota Soarer ''MZ10'' * 1980

* 1980 Toyota Corona Mark II * 1982–1986 Toyota Celica XX (Japan)

2M

The 2-valve

2M was stroked to for . It was produced from November 1966 to September 1974. Output was at 5,200 rpm and at 3,600 rpm. Applications (calendar years): *

Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...

''MS45/47'' (November 1966 – August 1967) *

''MS51/53/55/57'' (September 1967 – January 1971) *

''MS64/67'' (February 1971 – September 1974) * Corona Mark II ''MX12/22/28'' (1972–74) * 2000GT ''MF12'' File:Toyota 2m engine.jpg, 2M in a

File:Toyota 2000gt 2m engine.jpg, 2M in the 2000GT (MF12)

3M

Another naturally aspirated inline 6, with both squared

bore Bore or Bores often refer to: *Boredom * Drill Relating to holes * Boring (manufacturing), a machining process that enlarges a hole ** Bore (engine), the diameter of a cylinder in a piston engine or a steam locomotive ** Bore (wind instruments), ...

and stroke of and equipped with 3 Mikuni- Solex 40 PHH

carburetor A carburetor (also spelled carburettor) is a device used by an internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the venturi tube in the main meter ...

s, the 2 valves per

cylinder A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infi ...

3M, was produced from 1966 through 1971. This special engine shared the original M's block but featured an aluminum sump, a special Yamaha-designed aluminum head with wide 79° valves and a hemispherical shape. It powered the Yamaha/Toyota MF10 2000GT, which 'Import Tuner' magazine has described as "the first true original Japanese supercar". Output was at 6,600 rpm and at 5,000 rpm and a

Compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stat ...

of 8.4:1. Applications (calendar years): * Toyota 2000GT MF10

4M

The engine was bored out to to create the 2-valve

4M. Produced from 1972 through 1980, output was at 5,600 rpm and at 3,600 rpm. The fuel-injected 4M-E was produced from 1978 through 1980. It was also a 2-valve SOHC engine. Output was at 4,800 rpm and at 2,400 rpm. Applications (calendar years): * 1978–1980 Toyota Supra * 1974–1980 Corona Mark II/

Cressida Cressida (; also Criseida, Cresseid or Criseyde) is a character who appears in many Medieval and Renaissance retellings of the story of the Trojan War. She is a Trojan woman, the daughter of Calchas, a Greek seer. She falls in love with Troil ...

/ Chaser * 1971–1979

5M

The bore was up again to in the 5M, produced from 1979 through 1988. Although 2-valve

and carbureted versions were made, it is the fuel-injected

5M-GE that is the most common. The original federalized version of the

engine produced just at 4,800 rpm and at 3,600 rpm. In Australia the 5M-E (in 1985) was just at 4,800 rpm and at 3,600 rpm due to the particular emissions standards at the time. This engine was used in the Supra in Australia as well as Sweden and Switzerland, while Swiss buyers were also offered this engine in the Cressida and the Crown. In Europe (aside from Sweden and Switzerland, who received the same spec engine as Australia) the 5M-E produced in the Crown MS112 and the Celica Supra MA61. Applications (calendar years): * 5M **

''MS112'', ''MS122'', ''MS132'' * 5M-EU (Japan), 5M-E ** 1979–1989

''MS112'', ''MS122'', ''MS133'' ** 1980–1986 Toyota Celica Supra ''MA47'', ''MA56'', ''MA61'' ** 1980–1987 Toyota Cressida ''MX62'', ''MX63'', ''MX72'', ''MX73''

5M-GE

The 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder)

5M-GE is familiar as the engine of the Toyota Supra and Toyota Cressida of the 1980s. It was quite different from any previous member of the M family, with Bosch L-Jetronic-derived electronic fuel-injection (using an AFM intake measuring scheme), wide-angle valves, and belt-driven dual

s. It used

hydraulic valve lifter A hydraulic tappet, also known as a hydraulic valve lifter or hydraulic lash adjuster, is a device for maintaining zero valve clearance in an internal combustion engine. Conventional solid valve lifters require regular adjusting to maintain a sma ...

s, a first for Toyota. The use of rocker arms and valve lash adjusters eliminated the need for valve clearance maintenance, a world first for any twin cam engine. This version of the M made its US debut in 1982's Toyota Celica Supra MK2. The 1982 version had a vacuum-advance distributor, whereas the 1983–1988 versions found in the Celica Supra and Cressida had full electronic control of the ignition system and distributor. The newer engine control system found in these later cars was named TCCS, or Toyota Computer Control System and, together with different intake runners, increased max power by from August 1983.''Toyota Twin Cam''
p. 9 Output ranged from , depending on exhaust system, emissions controls, compression ratio, intake runner shape (earlier models had round intake runners and later models had D-shaped intake runners), and ECU tuning. There were aftermarket crank and piston kits offered for the 5M-GE that took the displacement up to 2.9 L for and 3.1 L for . Outfitted with kits like the Kuwahara 3100, these engines were often used quite successfully in powerboat racing in the mid 1980s. Specifications: * Valvetrain:

2 valves per cylinder * Forced Induction: None * Displacement: * Bore x stroke: * Compression Ratio: 8.1:1 to 9.2:1 * Power: * Torque: * Production: 1982–1988 Applications (calendar years): * 1981.07–1986 Toyota Celica XX/Supra ''MA61'' * 1982–1988 Toyota Cressida ''MX62'', ''MX63'', ''MX72'', ''MX73'' * 1981.08–1984.08

''MS120'' * 1981.02–? Toyota Soarer ''MZ11'' Differences between years on US model of the Celica Supra: * 1982 Supra 5M-GE had vacuum-advance distributors and 9-to-0 volt output AFMs. * 1982–1983 Supra 5M-GE had dual V-belt accessory drive, 65 amp alternator, square-tooth camshaft belts, 8.8:1 compression ratio, shallower oil pan, and round intake runners. * 1983–1985.5 Supra 5M-GE had 0- to 5-volt output AFM's and TCCS. * 1984–1985.5 Supra 5M-GE had 7-rib serpentine accessory drive belts, 60 amp alternator, round-tooth camshaft belts, 9.2:1 compression ratio, knock sensor, deeper oil pan, and D-shaped intake runners.

6M-GE

Toyota increased the 5M-GE's stroke to to create the 6M-GE. This necessitated the fitment of larger diameter intake runners versus . Only produced in 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder)

/ fuel-injected versions, it was available as the 6M-GE and Japan-spec 6M-GEU from 1984 through 1987. The 6M engine used the same crank, machined to accept a different

torsional damper A harmonic damper is a device fitted to the free (accessory drive) end of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine to counter torsional and resonance vibrations from the crankshaft. This device must be interference fit to the crankshaft ...

, as the 1986–1989 7M-GE and 7M-GTE engines; this fact is witnessed by the designation "6M" stamped on the counterweight of the crank on the earlier 1986–1988 7M engines. Output was at 5,600 rpm and at 4,400 rpm. The 6M-GEU is usually the lower powered variant of 6M engines, due to more restrictive exhaust and increased emissions-control hardware. Even though it was never offered in US-market vehicles, it is sometimes imported from countries where it was available and transplanted into US-market Celica Supras and MX63 and MX73 Cressidas, since it is externally identical to the 5M-GE. Applications (calendar years): *

* Toyota Soarer (''MZ12'')

7M-GE

The Toyota 7M-GE introduced in the early months of 1986 is a 24-valve (4 valves per cylinder)

/ fuel-injected engine. The valves are spaced at a performance-oriented 50° angle. Cylinder bore and stroke is . The 7M-GE was produced from 1986 through 1992. Output was at 6,000 rpm and at 3,600 rpm. Specifications: * Displacement: * Bore x stroke: * Compression Ratio: 9.1:1 * Weight: Applications (calendar years): * 1986–1992 Toyota Supra MkIII (''MA70'') * 1989–1992 Toyota Cressida Mark II (''MX83'') * Toyota Chaser *

* Toyota Cressida 3.0i Twincam/3.0GLS (MX75) South Africa only File:7mge_head.jpg, Cylinder head from front File:Photo-0037.jpg, Inlet side of cylinder head File:Photo-0049.jpg, Partially built 7MGE File:7MGE_build2.jpg, Partially built 7MGE File:7MGE_toyota.jpg, Modified 7MGE engine

7M-GTE

The

7M-GTE was produced from 1986 to 1992. Output was at 5,600 rpm and at 3,200 rpm for most versions. It was Toyota's top performance engine until it was replaced by the JZ-series engines. Toyota produced a variant of the existing Japanese-market 7M-GTEU which featured a modified CT26 high-flow turbocharger and large volume intercooler, pushed output to at 5,600 rpm and at 4,400 rpm. This was used only in the racing homologation Toyota Supra Turbo A road and race cars. The Turbo A models also measured air based on manifold pressure rather than using an air flow meter, had a larger intercooler, larger throttle body, optimized CT-26 turbo, and various other differences. It was one of the fastest Japanese car at the time. The homologation was for the Group A series. The Group A Supra with a 7M-GTE and CT26 turbo produced . Specifications: * Displacement: * Bore x stroke: * Compression Ratio: 8.4:1 * Weight: Applications (calendar years): * 1986–1992 Toyota Supra (''MA70'')Toyota Supra parts catalog USA & Canada, MA70 (1988.08-1993.05), No. 49422-93, Nov 1993, * 1986–1991 Toyota Soarer (''MZ20/MZ21'') File:7M-GTE_side_view.jpg, left side view File:7M-GTE upside down view.jpg, View of bottom end, with crankshaft and oil pump pickup File:7M-GTE oil pump.jpg, oil pump and internals File:7M-GTE_front.jpg, front part, upside down File:7M-GTE piston.jpg, piston with rod on top of engine File:7mgte mounted.jpg, engine mounted and running File:7MGTE_replanted.JPG, engine in bay, refurbished partially File:CT26_charger.JPG, CT 26 standard turbocharger

References

External links

The Illustrated History of the M engine
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyota M Engine M Straight-six engines

M

M-P

M-E