Torus fusion (tofu) is a proprietary computer

network topology Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and contro ...

for

supercomputer A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second ( FLOPS) instead of million instructions ...

s developed by

Fujitsu is a Japanese multinational information and communications technology equipment and services corporation, established in 1935 and headquartered in Tokyo. Fujitsu is the world's sixth-largest IT services provider by annual revenue, and the la ...

. It is a variant of the

torus interconnect A torus interconnect is a switch-less network topology for connecting processing nodes in a parallel computer system. Introduction In geometry, a torus is created by revolving a circle about an axis coplanar to the circle. While this is a gen ...

. The system has been used in the

K computer The K computer named for the Japanese word/numeral , meaning 10 quadrillion (1016)See Japanese numbers was a supercomputer manufactured by Fujitsu, installed at the Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science campus in Kobe, Hyōgo Pref ...

and the Fugaku supercomputer (and their derivatives). Tofu has a six-dimensional

mesh A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands. Types * A plastic mesh may be extruded, oriented, ex ...

/ torus topology, a scalability of over 100,000 nodes, and

full-duplex A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two or more connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow ...

links that have a peak bandwidth of 10 GB/s (5 GB/s per direction). Each node is connected to its own ''InterConnect Controller'' (''ICC'') chip, which contains four Tofu interfaces (one for the node and three for connecting to other ICC chips) and a router.

Software support

Tofu's six-dimensional mesh/torus topology is abstracted by software to appear as a three-dimensional torus; it is supported by a Tofu-optimized version of the

open-source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized sof ...

Open MPI Open MPI is a Message Passing Interface (MPI) library project combining technologies and resources from several other projects (FT-MPI, LA-MPI, LAM/MPI, and PACX-MPI). It is used by many TOP500 supercomputers including Roadrunner, which was th ...

Message Passing Interface library. Users can create application programs adapted to either a one-, two-, or three-dimensional torus network.

References

{{reflist, refs= {{Cite web , url=http://www.riken.jp/engn/r-world/info/release/pamphlet/aics/pdf/2010_09.pdf , title=Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science , publisher=Riken , accessdate=20 June 2011 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727184142/http://www.riken.jp/engn/r-world/info/release/pamphlet/aics/pdf/2010_09.pdf , archive-date=27 July 2011 , url-status=dead {{cite web , url=http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/TC/sc10/programming-on-k-computer.pdf , publisher=Fujitsu , title=Programming on K computer , accessdate=24 June 2011 {{cite web , url=http://blogs.cisco.com/performance/open-mpi-powers-8-petaflops/ , publisher=

Cisco Systems Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational corporation, multinational digital communications technology conglomerate (company), conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develo ...

, title=Open MPI powers 8 petaflops , accessdate=24 June 2011 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628064742/http://blogs.cisco.com/performance/open-mpi-powers-8-petaflops/ , archive-date=28 June 2011 , url-status=dead {{Cite journal , author=Yuichiro Ajima, s2cid=2049404 , year=2009 , title=Tofu: A 6D Mesh/Torus Interconnect for Exascale Computers , journal=Computer , volume=42 , issue=11 , pages=36–40 , publisher=IEEE Computer Society , doi=10.1109/MC.2009.370 , display-authors=etal Fujitsu supercomputers Supercomputing in Japan

Software support

See also

References