''Tonna'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of large

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the family

Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine invertebrates, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The name ''tun'' refers to the snails' shell sh ...

, the tun or cask shells. WoRMS (2010). Tonna Brunnich, 1771. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138557 on 2011-02-23

Description

The thin shell is ventricose, inflated, generally globular, rarely oblong and encircled with ribs. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

is short. The outer

lip The lips are the visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. Human lips are a tactile sensory organ, and can be ...

is crenulated and sometimes denticulated throughout its whole length. The oblong

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

is very large and emarginated inferiorly. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...

is channeled. There is no operculum. The animal is very large, so as scarcely to be contained within its shell. The head is broad, swollen before, supporting two long, slender, obtuse, distant tentacles, dilated towards the base, where the eyes are situated. The mouth is large, muscular, strong and retractile. The respiratory tube is pretty stout. Its cavity is capacious, entirely open, provided with two branchiae placed on the left side, the larger of which, describes a pretty large semicircle. The trunk is cylindrical, very much developed, flexible, capable of being turned in every direction at the will of the animal, and of elongating itself in a remarkable manner. It is furnished internally with several rows of hooks. The foot is ovate, large, fleshy, bordering all parts of the shell. It is rounded, widened, lobed and dilated before, with a horizontal furrow. The posterior extremity has no trace of an. operculum. The generative organ of the male is very retractile. Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.D. Ticknor,1837
(described as 'Dolium'') Tonna_Galea,_held_in_hand,_showing_shell_and_foot,_Astir_Beach,_Vouliagmeni,_Attika,_Greece

Tonna_Galea,_held_in_hand,_showing_shell_and_foot,_Astir_Beach,_Vouliagmeni,_Attika,_Greece

The genus ''Tonna'' comprehends a small number of species, some of which attain so remarkable a growth, that they are sometimes as large as a man's head. In fact the general appearance of the shell, of an inflated, thick-set form, calls up the image of a ''tun'', whence is derived its generic name. Thus, the characters which make up these species are a form more or less inflated, girdled, and very globular. The spire is much shorter than the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the b ...

. This causes the size of the

, which almost always occupies two thirds of the length of the shell. The animals of the tuns are in general strongly colored, and painted with different tints which form bands and spottings upon their entire exterior.

Distribution

This marine species is cosmopolitan.

Species

Species within the genus ''Tonna'' include: * '' Tonna alanbeui'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna allium'' ( Dillwyn, 1817) * '' Tonna ampullacea'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1845) * '' Tonna berthae'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna boucheti'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna bozzettii'' T. Cossignani, 2021 * '' Tonna canaliculata'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * ''

Tonna chinensis ''Tonna chinensis'', common name : the China tun, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. ...

'' Dillwyn, 1817 * '' Tonna cumingii'' (Hanley in Reeve, 1849) * '' Tonna deshayesii'' ( Reeve, 1849) * '' Tonna dolium'' (

) * '' Tonna dunkeri'' (

Hanley Hanley is one of the six towns that, along with Burslem, Longton, Fenton, Tunstall and Stoke-upon-Trent, amalgamated to form the City of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England. Hanley is the ''de facto'' city centre, having long been the ...

, 1860) * ''

Tonna galea ''Tonna galea'', commonly known as the giant tun, is a species of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae (also known as the tun shells). This very large sea snail or tun snail is found in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean as far ...

'' (

) * '' Tonna hawaiiensis'' Vos, 2007 * '' Tonna lischkeana'' (Küster, 1857) * '' Tonna luteostoma'' (Küster, 1857) * '' Tonna melanostoma'' (Jay, 1839) * '' Tonna morrisoni'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna oentoengi'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna pennata'' ( Mörch, 1853) * ''

Tonna perdix ''Tonna perdix'', common name the partridge tun, is a species of very large sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family (biology), family Tonnidae, the tun Gastropod shell, shells.Vos, C. (2010)Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 175 ...

'' (

) * '' Tonna poppei'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna rosemaryae'' Vos, 1999 * ''

Tonna sulcosa ''Tonna sulcosa'', common name banded tun, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells. Description Shells of ''Tonna sulcosa'' usually can reach a length of , with a maximum of . These me ...

'' (Born, 1778) * '' Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860) * '' Tonna tenebrosa'' (Hanley, 1860) * '' Tonna tessellata'' (

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...

, 1816) * '' Tonna tetracotula'' Hedley, 1919 * '' Tonna variegata'' (

, 1822) * '' Tonna zonata'' (Green, 1830) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Tonna cepa'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of ''Tonna canaliculata'' (

) * ''Tonna cerevisina'' Hedley, 1919: synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna chinensis'' Hinton, 1972: synonym of ''Tonna alanbeui'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna chinensis'' Zhang & Ma, 2004: synonym of ''Tonna boucheti'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna cimingii'' Hinton, 1974 : synonym of ''Tonna poppei'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna costata'' : synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna fasciata'' (Martini, 1777): synonym of ''Tonna sulcosa'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tonna fimbriata'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1827): synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna hardyi'' Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005 : synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna haurakiensis'' (Hedley, 1919): synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna maculata'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''Tonna dolium'' (

) * ''Tonna maculosa'' (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of '' Tonna pennata'' (Mörch, 1853) * ''Tonna maoria'' Powell, 1938 : synonym of ''Tonna cumingii'' (Hanley in Reeve, 1849) * ''Tonna marginata'' (Philippi, 1845): synonym of ''Tonna lischkeana'' (Küster, 1857) * ''Tonna niasensis'' Wissema, 1947 †: synonym of ''Tonna sulcosa'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tonna olearium'' (

): synonym of ''Tonna galea'' (

) * ''Tonna oentoengi'' Dharma, 2005 : synonym of ''Tonna oentoengi'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna parvula'' (Tapparone Canefri, 1878): synonym of Tonna tessellata (Lamarck, 1816) * ''Tonna perdix'' Steyn & Steyn, 2002 : synonym of ''Tonna dunkeri'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna planicostat''a Dodge, 1956: synonym of ''Tonna canaliculata'' (

) * ''Tonna pyriformis'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914): synonym of '' Eudolium crosseanum'' (Monterosato, 1869) * ''Tonna variegata'' Kilburn, 1971 : synonym of ''Tonna dunkeri'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna variegata'' Suter, 1913 : synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860)

References

* Rovereto, G. 1899. ''Prime ricerche sinonimiche sui generi dei gasteropodi.'' Atti della Società Ligustica de Scienze Naturali e Geografiche 10: 101-110 * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109 * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp * Wilson, B. 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213 * Rolán E., 2005.'' Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda'' * Beu, A. G. (2005) ''Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia''. Scripta Geologica 130, p. 1-186, pp. 166, figs. 327 * Vos, C. (2007). ''A conchological Iconography (No. 13) - The family Tonnidae. 123 pp., 30 numb. plus 41 (1 col.) un-numb. text-figs, 33 maps., 63 col. pls,'' Conchbooks, Germany * Beu, A.G., Bouchet, P. & Tröndlé, J. 2012. ''Tonnoidean gastropods of French Polynesia''. Molluscan Research 32(2): 61-120 * Vos, C. (2012) Overview of the Tonnidae (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) in Chinese waters. Shell Discoveries 1(1); pp. 12-22; Pls. 1-9 * Vos, C. (2013) Overview of the Tonnidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Chinese waters. Gloria Maris 52(1-2); pp. 22-53; Pls. 1-9

External links

Brünnich, M. & Stejneger, L. 1772. Zoologiae Fundamenta Praelectionibus Academicis Accomodata. pp. 254

Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.

Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de 1801. ''Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux''. Paris : Chez Deterville 432 pp.

Link, H.F. 1807. ''Beschreibung der Naturalien Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock.'' Rostock : Alders Erben.

Montfort, P.D. de 1810. Conchyliologie Systematique, et Classification Methodique des Coquilles. Paris : F. Schoell Vol. 2 676 + 16 pp.

Iredale, T. 1931. ''Australian molluscan notes. No. 1''. Records of the Australian Museum 18(4): 201-235, pls xxii-xxv

Forbes, E. 1852. ''On the Mollusca collected by Mr MacGillivray during the voyage of the Rattlesnake.'' pp. 360-386 in MacGillivray, J. (ed). Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. etc, during the years 1846-1850. London : Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty Vol. II 395 pp.

Description

Distribution

Species

References

External links

Further reading