Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation ( fa, حزب زحمتکشان ملت ایران, Ḥezb-e Zaḥmatkašān-e Mellat-e Īrān; Zaḥmatkašān means ''

proletariat The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian. Marxist philo ...

'') was a social-democratic

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. Initially a member of the National Front, they pledged support for the nationalization of the Iran oil industry and opposed

Tudeh Party The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in i ...

. They successfully attracted a considerable amount of educated youth (especially in the

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

), Third Force activists and shopkeepers from

Kerman Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanization of Persian, romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in ...

in '' bazzar''. Yet the party also included a nucleus of ''čāqukeš'' and '' čumāqdār''. In the 1952 legislative election, the party won two seats by

Baghai Baghai is a town and commune in Khenchela Province, Algeria. It is located at 35°30'59.99" N 7°06'60.00" E. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 6,414. Geography Baghai is located between the Aurès mountains in the south and ...

and Ali Zohari. The party split in 1952 over its relationship with Government of Mosaddegh. Under leadership of

Mozzafar Baghai Mozzafar Baghai ( fa, مظفر بقائی; 23 July 1912 18 November 1987) is known best as an Iranian political figure of the 1940s and 50s. He rose to prominence during the national struggle against British control of Iran's oil industry. For de ...

, Toilers left National Front and openly opposed the government while

Khalil Maleki Khalil Maleki ( fa, خلیل ملکی; 1901–1969) was an Iranian socialist political figure and intellectual affiliated with the National Front. Political career and activities During the early 1940s, Maleki had been one of 53 left-wing intelle ...

reestablished Third Force under the name of ''Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation — Third Force'' and continued to support the government. Toilers formed an alliance with Society of Mujahed Muslims, led by

Ayatollah Kashani Sayyed Abol-Ghasem Mostafavi-Kashani ( fa, سید ابوالقاسم کاشانی ''Abu’l-Qāsem Kāšāni''; 19 November 1882 – 13 March 1962) was an Iranian politician and Shia Marja. Early life His father, Ayatollah Hajj Seyyed Mostafav ...

, pooling their resources and coordinating their activities against government. They actively participated in the 1953 coup d'état and called it a "national uprising", however opposed

Fazlollah Zahedi Fazlollah Zahedi ( fa, فضل‌الله زاهدی, Fazlollāh Zāhedi, pronounced ; 17 May 1892 – 2 September 1963) was an Iranian lieutenant general and statesman who replaced the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh through a coup d'é ...

's post-coup military government. Following their opposition, their newspapers was banned and their party office was confiscated by the government and the party went on a hiatus until 1960 Iranian legislative election. They resumed activity in 1961 and expressed support for

Ayatollah Khomeini Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of ...

in 5 June 1963 demonstrations. In 1971, the party was reorganized with the permission of the government, but was forced to cease its activities in 1975 after the announcement of one-party state under

Resurgence Party The Party of Resurrection of the Iranian Nation ( fa, حزب رستاخیز ملت ایران) or simply Rastakhiz Party ( fa, حزب رستاخیز, Ḥezb-e Rastāḵiz, lit=Resurgence/Resurrection Party) was Iran's single legal political party ...

. In 1977, Baghai made an attempt to revive the party after declaring loyalty to the

Pahlavi dynasty The Pahlavi dynasty ( fa, دودمان پهلوی) was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who ...

, albeit at restricted level. In 1979 Islamic Republic referendum the party policy was to vote "Yes". It was soon after dissolved after the revolution.

References

External links

1951 establishments in Iran 1981 disestablishments in Iran Anti-communist parties Anti-imperialist organizations Defunct social democratic parties Defunct socialist parties in Iran National Front (Iran) affiliated parties Political parties disestablished in 1981 Political parties established in 1951 Social democratic parties in Asia {{Iran-party-stub