The 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an average season during the period of

tropical cyclone formation Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. The mechanisms through which tropical cyclogenesis occurs are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occurs. Tropi ...

in the North Indian Ocean. The season began in May with the formation of Cyclone Viyaru, which made landfall on

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

, destroying more than 26,500 houses. After a period of inactivity,

Cyclone Phailin Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin (; th, ไพลิน, translit=Phịlin, lit=sapphire) was the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in India since the 1999 Odisha cyclone until Cyclone Amphan hit West Bengal in May 2020. The sy ...

formed in October, and became an extremely severe cyclonic storm. Additionally, it was a Category 5-equivalent cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. It then made landfall in the Indian states of

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

and

Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of ...

, becoming the most intense cyclone to strike the country since the 1999 Odisha cyclone. In November, cyclones

Helen Helen may refer to: People * Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, the most beautiful woman in the world * Helen (actress) (born 1938), Indian actress * Helen (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Helen, ...

and Lehar formed, and they both made landfall in Andhra Pradesh just one week away from each other. The latter also affected the

Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India consisting of 572 islands, of which 37 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The territory is about north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated f ...

. This timeline documents all the events of this season, including the strengthening, weakening, formation, dissipation, and

landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...

of tropical cyclones in both the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between ...

and the

Arabian Sea The Arabian Sea ( ar, اَلْبَحرْ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Bahr al-ˁArabī) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan, Iran and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel ...

. When depressions form in the Bay of Bengal, they receive the prefix ''BOB'' by the

India Meteorological Department The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. IMD is headquarter ...

(IMD). Likewise, depressions which form in the Arabian Sea are designated the prefix ''ARB'', and those which form over land are given the prefix ''LAND''. The

Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...

(JTWC) also creates advisories on storms in the North Indian Ocean. It designates the prefix ''B'' for storms that form in the Bay of Bengal, and the prefix ''A'' for those which form in the Arabian Sea. Best track data from the IMD and JTWC is utilized in this article, which means that post-storm analyses take precedence over operational advisories and the like. Meteorologists use one time zone,

Coordinated Universal Time Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is within about one second of mean solar time (such as UT1) at 0° longitude (at the IERS Reference Meridian as the currently used ...

(UTC), when issuing forecasts and advisories. As such, the time of the events in this season are listed in UTC as well as the local time, which is, in this case,

Indian Standard Time Indian Standard Time (IST), sometimes also called India Standard Time, is the time zone observed throughout India, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments. In military and avia ...

(IST).

Timeline of events

May

10 May

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The JTWC reports that Tropical Depression 01B has formed. * 06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The JTWC reports that Tropical Depression 01B has intensified into a tropical storm. * 09:00 UTC (2:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 01 has formed. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 01 has intensified into a deep depression.

11 May

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression BOB 01 has strengthened into Cyclonic Storm Viyaru. *06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The JTWC reports that Tropical Storm 01A has reached its peak intensity with wind speeds of and a minimum pressure of .

15 May

06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Viyaru has reached its peak intensity, with wind speeds of and a minimum pressure of .

16 May

* 08:00 UTC (1:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Viyaru has made landfall on the Bangladesh coast about south of Feni. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Viyaru has weakened to a deep depression. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Viyaru has degenerated into a depression.

17 May

* 00:00 (5:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Viyaru has weakened to a well-marked low pressure area over

Nagaland Nagaland () is a landlocked state in the northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the Sagaing Region of Myanmar to the east. Its capital cit ...

29 May

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 02 has formed and simultaneously reached its peak wind speeds of . * 13:3014:30 UTC (7:008:00 IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 02 has crossed the West Bengal coast.

30 May

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 02 has reached its minimum pressure of .

31 May

12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression BOB 02 has degenerated into a well-marked low pressure area over

Bihar Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Be ...

and

Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It has an area of . It ...

July

30 July

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 03 has formed and simultaneously reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of . * 07:00 UTC (12:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression BOB 03 has crossed the North Odisha and the West Bengal coast between Balasore and

Digha Digha is a seaside resort town in the state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba Medinipur district and at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach. It is a popular sea resort in West Bengal. Hi ...

August

1 August

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression BOB 03 has weakened into a well-marked low pressure area over southeast

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (, ; meaning 'central province') is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Ujjain, Gwalior, Sagar, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the seco ...

and neighboring

Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, ) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Prade ...

and

Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the east of the Indian state of Maharashtra and a proposed state of central India, comprising the state's Amravati and Nagpur divisions. Amravati Division's former name is Ber ...

20 August

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression LAND 01 has formed and also reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

23 August

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression LAND 01 has become a well-marked low-pressure area over the central area of south Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha.

October

7 October

* 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The JTWC reports that a tropical depression has formed in the Bay of Bengal.

8 October

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 04 has formed.

9 October

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 04 has strengthened into a deep depression. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression BOB 04 has strengthened into a cyclonic storm and is subsequently named Phailin.

10 October

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Phailin has become a severe cyclonic storm. * Phailin 2013-10-10 1930Z

06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has rapidly intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. *15:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has quickly strengthened into an extremely severe cyclonic storm.

11 October

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

12 October

* 17:00 UTC (10:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has made landfall over Odisha and the north Andhra Pradesh coast.

13 October

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has weakened to a very severe cyclonic storm. *03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has weakened to a severe cyclonic storm. * 06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin has weakened to a cyclonic storm. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Phailin has degenerated into a deep depression.

14 October

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Phailin has degenerated into a depression. * 09:00 UTC (2:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Phailin has weakened to a well-marked low pressure area over southwest Bihar and the areas surrounding it.

November

8 November

06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression ARB 01 has formed.

9 November

* 00:00 UTC(5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression ARB 01 has intensified into a deep depression and simultaneously reaches its peak intensity with wind speeds of and a peak intensity of .

10 November

* 23:0000:00 UTC (4:305:30 a.m. IST 11 November) at The IMD reports tha tDeep Depression ARB 01 has made landfall on the coast of

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

11 November

* 06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression ARB 01 has weakened to a depression. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression ARB 01 has weakened to a well-marked low pressure area over Somalia.

13 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 05 has formed. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 05 has reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

16 November

* 07:30 UTC (1:00 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression BOB 05 has made landfall on the

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India ...

coast near

Nagapattinam Nagapattinam (''nākappaṭṭinam'', previously spelt Nagapatnam or Negapatam) is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Nagapattinam District. The town came to prominence during the period of Medieval ...

17 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression BOB 05 has weakened to a well-marked low pressure area over northern Tamil Nadu and the areas surrounding it.

19 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 06 has formed. * 15:00 UTC (8:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 06 has intensified into a deep depression.

20 November

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression BOB 06 has strengthened into a cyclonic storm, receiving the name Helen from the IMD.

21 November

00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Helen has intensified into a severe cyclonic storm. * 06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen has reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

22 November

* 08:0009:00 UTC (1:302:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen has made landfall on the Andhra Pradesh coast in south Machilliptnam. * 09:00 UTC (2:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen has weakened to a cyclonic storm. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Helen has weakened to a deep depression. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Helen has weakened to a depression.

23 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Helen has degenerated to a well-marked low pressure area over coastal Andhra Pradesh and the areas surrounding it. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 07 has formed. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 07 has rapidly strengthened into a deep depression.

24 November

00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression BOB 07 has rapidly intensified into a cyclonic storm. It is named Lehar by the IMD.

25 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Lehar has made landfall on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands south of

Port Blair Port Blair () is the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (''tehsil'') of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South An ...

, and simultaneously becomes a severe cyclonic storm. * 21:00 UTC (2:30 a.m. IST 26 November) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar has become a very severe cyclonic storm.

26 November

* 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar has reached its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

27 November

* 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar has weakened to a severe cyclonic storm. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar has weakened to a cyclonic storm.

28 November

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Lehar has weakened to a deep depression. * 08:30 UTC (2:00 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Lehar has made landfall on Andhra Pradesh close to

Machilipatnam Machilipatnam (), also known as Masulipatnam and Bandar, is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district. It is also the mandal headquarte ...

. * 09:00 UTC (2:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Lehar has weakened to a depression. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Lehar has weakened to a well-marked low-pressure area over coastal Andhra Pradesh and adjoining

Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...

December

6 December

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 08 has formed. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Depression BOB 08 has intensified into a deep depression.

7 December

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression BOB 08 has rapidly intensified into a cyclonic storm, receiving the name Madi from the IMD. * Madi Dec 07 2013 0450Z

09:00 UTC (2:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Madi has strengthened into a severe cyclonic storm.

8 December

* 06:00 UTC (11:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi has intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm and simultaneously reaches its peak intensity with winds of and a minimum pressure of .

9 December

* 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi has weakened to a severe cyclonic storm.

10 December

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi has re-intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. * 12:00 UTC (5:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi has weakened back into a severe cyclonic storm. * 21:00 UTC (2:30 a.m. IST 11 December) at The IMD reports that Severe Cyclonic Storm Madi has weakened to a cyclonic storm.

11 December

* 03:00 UTC (8:30 a.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Cyclonic Storm Madi has degenerated to a deep depression. * 18:00 UTC (11:30 p.m. IST) at The IMD reports that Deep Depression Madi has weakened to a depression.

12 December

* 13:30 UTC (7:00 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Madi has made landfall on the Tamil Nadu coast near Vedaranyam. It later crossed back into the

Palk Strait The Palk Strait ( ta, பாக்கு நீரிணை ''Pākku Nīriṇai'', si, පෝක් සමුද්‍ර සන්ධිය ''Pok Samudra Sandhiya'') is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Jaffna Distri ...

. * 17:00 UTC (10:30 p.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Madi has made landfall on the Tamil Nadu coast again near Tondi.

13 December

* 00:00 UTC (5:30 a.m. IST) The IMD reports that Depression Madi has weakened to a well-marked low pressure area over the southeast Arabian Sea near the Kerala coast.

Notes

References

External links

The IMD's preliminary reports on the 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

{{North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone timelines 2013 North Indian Ocean cyclone season North Indian Ocean meteorological timelines Tropical cyclones in 2013