''Tilioideae'' is a

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

in the family

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

, though it was formerly considered a large group, placed at

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

rank and called

Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record o ...

. Within the framework of the

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disco ...

s III & IV systems, an extended family

is recognized by uniting the core

Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and ...

of the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) a ...

Bombacaceae Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...

''sensu stricto'',

Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus ''Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae. A ...

and Tiliaceae. Within the APG classification, Malvaceae contains a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

of 3 living genera placed as the subfamily Tilioideae.

Genera and species

The subfamily includes ''

Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperateness, temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain a ...

'', '' Craigia'', and '' Mortoniodendron''. The majority of other genera historically included in the family rank "Tiliaceae" have been moved into two other subfamilies of Malvaceae, the

Brownlowioideae Brownlowioideae is a subfamily of the botanical family Malvaceae. The genera in this subfamily used to be a part of the paraphyletic Tiliaceae until taxonomic revisions in part by the APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Gr ...

and

Grewioideae Grewioideae is a subfamily of the family Malvaceae and was first described by Hochreutiner. The group is named after its type genus, '' Grewia'', which is named for the English scientist Nehemiah Grew (1641-1712). It contains a number of gener ...

Craigia

* †'' Craigia bronnii'' * †'' Craigia hainanensis'' * '' Craigia kwangsiensis'' * †'' Craigia oregonensis'' * ''

Craigia yunnanensis ''Craigia yunnanensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae. It is found in China and Vietnam. It is threatened by habitat loss. References

Craigia, yunnanensis Flora of China Flora of Viet ...

'' Mortoniodendron''

''
Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperateness, temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain a ...
''

* ''

Tilia americana ''Tilia americana'' is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae, native to eastern North America, from southeast Manitoba east to New Brunswick, southwest to northeast Oklahoma, southeast to South Carolina, and west along the Niobrara River to ...

'' L. * ''

Tilia amurensis ''Tilia amurensis'', the Amur lime or Amur linden, is a species of '' Tilia'' native to eastern Asia. It differs from the better-known ''Tilia cordata ''Tilia cordata'', the small-leaved lime or small-leaved linden, is a species of tree in the ...

'' * ''

Tilia caroliniana ''Tilia caroliniana'' Philip Miller, Mill. is a species of tree in the family (biology), family Malvaceae native to the southern and south-eastern states of the U.S., and Mexico. Taxonomy ''T. caroliniana'' consists of 4 subspecies: * ''T. carol ...

'' * ''

Tilia chinensis ''Tilia chinensis'' (Chinese linden, ) is a species of lime or linden tree that is endemic to China. It flowers in July or August when honey bees collect honey from its flowers. Especially famous is honey taken from the Chinese linden flowers i ...

'' * '' Tilia chingiana'' Hu & W.C.Cheng * ''

Tilia cordata ''Tilia cordata'', the small-leaved lime or small-leaved linden, is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae, native to much of Europe. Other common names include little-leaf or littleleaf linden, or traditionally in South East England, pry or p ...

Mill. Philip Miller FRS (1691 – 18 December 1771) was an English botanist and gardener of Scottish descent. Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden for nearly 50 years from 1722, and wrote the highly popular '' The Gardeners Dict ...

* '' Tilia dasystyla'' Steven * ''

Tilia henryana ''Tilia henryana'' Szyszyl., commonly known as Henry's lime, was introduced to the West from China by Ernest Wilson in 1901. The tree is native to the provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, and Zhejiang,Tang, Y., G ...

'' Szyszyl. * '' Tilia hupehensis'' * '' Tilia insularis'' * ''

Tilia intonsa ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain and Ireland they ...

'' * ''

Tilia japonica ''Tilia japonica'', the Japanese lime or Japanese linden, is a species of ''Tilia'' native to eastern China and Japan, preferring to grow in mountains up to 2000m. It superficially resembles the better-known '' Tilia cordata'', the small-leaved l ...

'' * †'' Tilia johnsoni'' Wolfe &

Wehr Wehr may refer to: * WEHR, a former radio station owned by Penn State University * Wehr, Baden-Württemberg, Germany * Wehr, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * Wehr, a village in Selfkant, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany People with the surname * D ...

Ypresian In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age (geology), age or lowest stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by th ...

* '' Tilia kiusiana'' * '' Tilia mandshurica'' * ''

Tilia maximowicziana ''Tilia maximowicziana'' is a species of flowering plant in the lime and linden genus ''Tilia'', family Malvaceae. It is native to central and northern Japan, and Kunashir Island, the southernmost of the Kuril Islands. In the mountain forests of ...

'' * '' Tilia miqueliana'' * '' Tilia mongolica'' Maxim. * ''

Tilia nasczokinii ''Tilia nasczokinii'' Stepanov, commonly known as Nasczokin's lime or Nasczokin's linden, is a rare deciduous tree or shrub endemic to Siberia in Russia. Description The tree grows to 20 m tall, its bark pale grey and fissured. The leaves a ...

'' * '' Tilia nobilis'' * '' Tilia oliveri'' * '' Tilia paucicostata'' * ''

Tilia platyphyllos ''Tilia platyphyllos'', the large-leaved lime or large-leaved linden, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Malvaceae (Tiliaceae). It is a deciduous tree, native plant, native to much of Europe, including locally in sout ...

Scop. Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopolius) (3 June 1723 – 8 May 1788) was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the " Linnaeus of the A ...

* ''

Tilia rubra ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain and Ireland they ...

'' * ''

Tilia tomentosa ''Tilia tomentosa'', known as silver linden in the US and silver lime in the UK, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Malvaceae, native plant, native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from Romania and the Ba ...

'' Moench * ''

Tilia tuan ''Tilia tuan'' is a species of flowering plant found in forests at elevations of 1200–2400 m in the central Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. The species has ...

'' Szyszyl.

References

Rosid subfamilies {{Malvaceae-stub

Genera and species

Craigia

'' Mortoniodendron''

''Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperateness, temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain a ...''

References

''
Tilia ''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperateness, temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain a ...
''