A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or
dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a
sovereign
''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French , which is ultimately derived from the Latin , meaning 'above'.
The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch, ruler or ...
on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a
pope or
bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the
monarchy or
the Crown itself, an instance of
metonymy
Metonymy () is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept.
Etymology
The words ''metonymy'' and ''metonym'' come from grc, μετωνυμία, 'a change of name' ...
, and is also used in many expressions such as "
the power behind the throne".
Since the early advanced cultures, a throne has been known as a symbol of divine and secular rule and the establishment of a throne as a defining sign of the claim to power and authority. It can be with a high backrest and feature heraldic animals or other decorations as adornment and as a sign of power and strength. A throne can be placed underneath a canopy or
baldachin. The throne can stand on steps or a
dais and is thus always elevated. The expression "ascend (mount) the throne" takes its meaning from the steps leading up to the dais or platform, on which the throne is placed, being formerly comprised in the word's significance.
Coats of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its wh ...
or insignia can feature on throne or canopy and represent the
dynasty. Even in the physical absence of the ruler an empty throne can symbolise the everlasting presence of the monarchical authority.
When used in a political or governmental sense, a throne typically exists in a civilization, nation, tribe, or other politically designated group that is organized or governed under a
monarchical system. Throughout much of human history societies have been governed under monarchical systems, in the beginning as
autocratic systems and later evolved in most cases as
constitutional monarchies
A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...
within liberal democratic systems, resulting in a wide variety of thrones that have been used by given heads of state. These have ranged from
stools in places such as in
Africa to ornate chairs and bench-like designs in
Europe and
Asia, respectively. Often, but not always, a throne is tied to a philosophical or religious
ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Formerly applied pri ...
held by the nation or people in question, which serves a dual role in unifying the people under the reigning monarch and connecting the monarch upon the throne to his or her predecessors, who sat upon the throne previously. Accordingly, many thrones are typically held to have been constructed or fabricated out of rare or hard to find materials that may be valuable or important to the land in question. Depending on the size of the throne in question it may be large and ornately designed as an emplaced instrument of a nation's power, or it may be a symbolic chair with little or no precious materials incorporated into the design.
When used in a religious sense, throne can refer to one of two distinct uses. The first use derives from the practice in churches of having a
bishop or higher-ranking religious official (
archbishop
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...
,
pope, etc.) sit on a special chair which in church referred to by written sources as a "throne", or “cathedra” (Latin for 'chair') and is intended to allow such high-ranking religious officials a place to sit in their place of worship. The other use for throne refers to a belief among many of the world's
monotheistic
Monotheism is the belief that there is only one deity, an all-supreme being that is universally referred to as God. Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford ...
and
polytheistic religions that the deity or deities that they worship are seated on a throne. Such beliefs go back to ancient times, and can be seen in surviving artwork and texts which discuss the idea of ancient gods (such as the
Twelve Olympians) seated on thrones. In the major
Abrahamic religions of
Judaism,
Christianity, and
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
, the
Throne of God is attested to in religious scriptures and teachings, although the origin, nature, and idea of the Throne of God in these religions differs according to the given religious ideology practiced.
In the west, a throne is most identified as the seat upon which a person holding the title ''
King'', ''
Queen'', ''
Emperor'', or ''
Empress
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
'' sits in a nation using a
monarchy political system, although there are a few exceptions, notably with regards to religious officials such as the pope and bishops of various sects of the Christian faith. Changing geo-political tides have resulted in the collapse of several dictatorial and autocratic governments, which in turn have left a number of throne chairs empty. Many of these thrones—such as China's
Dragon Throne—survive today as historic examples of nation's previous government.
Antiquity
Thrones were found throughout the canon of
ancient furniture
Ancient furniture was made of many different materials, including reeds, wood, stone, metals, straws, and ivory. It could also be decorated in many different ways. Sometimes furniture would be covered with upholstery, upholstery being padding, s ...
. The depiction of
monarchs and deities as seated on chairs is a common topos in the iconography of the
Ancient Near East.
The word ''
throne'' itself is from
Greek θρόνος (''thronos''), "seat, chair", in origin a derivation from the
PIE
A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients. Sweet pies may be filled with fruit (as in an apple pie), nuts ( pecan pie), brown sugar ( sugar pie), swe ...
root ' "to support" (also in ''
dharma
Dharma (; sa, धर्म, dharma, ; pi, dhamma, italic=yes) is a key concept with multiple meanings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and others. Although there is no direct single-word translation for '' ...
'' "post, sacrificial pole"). Early Greek Διὸς θρόνους (''Dios thronous'') was a term for the "support of the heavens", i.e. the
axis mundi
In astronomy, axis mundi is the Latin term for the axis of Earth between the celestial poles.
In a geocentric coordinate system, this is the axis of rotation of the celestial sphere.
Consequently, in ancient Greco-Roman astronomy, the '' ...
, which term when
Zeus became an anthropomorphic god was imagined as the "seat of Zeus". In Ancient Greek, a "thronos" was a specific but ordinary type of chair with a
footstool
A footstool (foot stool, footrest, foot rest) is a piece of furniture or a support used to elevate the foot. There are two main types of footstool, which can be loosely categorized into those designed for comfort and those designed for functi ...
, a high status object but not necessarily with any connotations of power. The
Achaeans (according to
Homer) were known to place additional, empty thrones in the royal
palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...
s and
temples so that the gods could be seated when they wished to be. The most famous of these thrones was the throne of Apollo in
Amyclae.
The
Romans also had two types of thrones—one for the
emperor and one for the goddess
Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
*Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
whose statues were seated upon thrones, which became centers of worship.
Persia
In
Persia, the traditional name of the throne is the ''Takht-e
Padeshah''. From the
Achaemenid era to the last Iranian dynasty
Pahlavi
Pahlavi may refer to:
Iranian royalty
*Seven Parthian clans, ruling Parthian families during the Sasanian Empire
*Pahlavi dynasty, the ruling house of Imperial State of Persia/Iran from 1925 until 1979
**Reza Shah, Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944 ...
, the throne was used for sitting
shahs.
Hebrew Bible
The word "throne" in
English translations of the Bible
Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English. More than 100 complete translations into English have been written.
In the United S ...
renders
Hebrew '. The
pharaoh of the Exodus is described as sitting on a throne (Exodus 11:5, 12:29), but mostly the term refers to the throne of the
kingdom of Israel, often called the "throne of
David" or "throne of
Solomon
Solomon (; , ),, ; ar, سُلَيْمَان, ', , ; el, Σολομών, ; la, Salomon also called Jedidiah (Hebrew language, Hebrew: , Modern Hebrew, Modern: , Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian: ''Yăḏīḏăyāh'', "beloved of Yahweh, Yah"), ...
". The literal throne of Solomon is described in : "Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold.. The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, and two lions stood beside the stays. And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom." In the
Book of Esther
The Book of Esther ( he, מְגִלַּת אֶסְתֵּר, Megillat Esther), also known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as "the Scroll" ("the wikt:מגילה, Megillah"), is a book in the third section (, "Writings") of the Judaism, Jewish ''Tanak ...
(5:3), the same word refers to the throne of the king of Persia.
The
God of Israel
God of Israel may refer to:
* God in Judaism, God as understood in Jewish theological discussion
* Yahweh, the national god of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah
* Tetragrammaton, the four Hebrew letters YHWH as the name of God, and various ...
himself is frequently described as sitting on a throne, referred to outside of the Bible as the
Throne of God, in the
Psalms, and in a vision
Isaiah (6:1), and notably in Isaiah 66:1,
YHWH says of himself "The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool" (this verse is alluded to by
Matthew
Matthew may refer to:
* Matthew (given name)
* Matthew (surname)
* ''Matthew'' (ship), the replica of the ship sailed by John Cabot in 1497
* ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith
* Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Ch ...
5:34-35).
Christian
Biblical
In the
New Testament, the angel
Gabriel also refers to this throne in the
Gospel of Luke (): "He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the
Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end."
Jesus promised his
apostles
An apostle (), in its literal sense, is an emissary, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (''apóstolos''), literally "one who is sent off", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (''apostéllein''), "to send off". The purpose of such sending ...
that they would sit upon "twelve thrones", judging the
twelve tribes of Israel
The Twelve Tribes of Israel ( he, שִׁבְטֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל, translit=Šīḇṭēy Yīsrāʾēl, lit=Tribes of Israel) are, according to Hebrew scriptures, the descendants of the biblical patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel, throu ...
().
John's
Revelation states: "And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away" ().
The
Apostle Paul
Paul; grc, Παῦλος, translit=Paulos; cop, ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; hbo, פאולוס השליח (previously called Saul of Tarsus;; ar, بولس الطرسوسي; grc, Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς, Saũlos Tarseús; tr, Tarsuslu Pavlus; ...
speaks of "
thrones A throne is a seat of state for a potentate or dignitary.
Throne or Thrones may also mean: People
* Throne (surname)
Arts and entertainment
*The Throne (group), collaboration pseudonym for rappers Jay Z and Kanye West (as on Drake's "Pop Style")
* ...
" in .
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (or Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite) was a Greek author, Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, who wrote a set of works known as the ''Corpus Areopagiticum'' or ...
, in his work ''
De Coelesti Hierarchia'' (VI.7), interprets this as referring to one of the ranks of
angels (corresponding to the Hebrew ''Arelim'' or ''
Ophanim''). This concept was expanded upon by
Thomas Aquinas in his ''
Summa Theologica'' (I.108), wherein the thrones are concerned with carrying out divine justice.
In
Medieval times the "Throne of Solomon" was associated with the
Virgin Mary, who was depicted as the
throne upon which Jesus sat. The ivory in the biblical description of the Throne of Solomon was interpreted as representing purity, the gold representing divinity, and the six steps of the throne stood for the six
virtues. was also interpreted as referring to the Virgin Mary, with the entire Psalm describing a royal throne room.
Ecclesiastical
From ancient times,
bishops of the
Roman Catholic,
Eastern Orthodox,
Anglican
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...
and other churches where episcopal offices exist, have been formally seated on a throne, called a ''
cathedra
A ''cathedra'' is the raised throne of a bishop in the early Christian basilica. When used with this meaning, it may also be called the bishop's throne. With time, the related term ''cathedral'' became synonymous with the "seat", or principa ...
'' ( el, κάθεδρα, seat). Traditionally located in the
sanctuary, the cathedra symbolizes the bishop's authority to teach the faith (hence the expression "
ex cathedra") and to govern his flock.
''Ex cathedra'' refers to the explicative authority, notably the extremely rarely used procedure required for a papal declaration to be '
infallible
Infallibility refers to an inability to be wrong. It can be applied within a specific domain, or it can be used as a more general adjective. The term has significance in both epistemology and theology, and its meaning and significance in both fi ...
' under Roman Catholic
canon law. In several languages the word deriving from ''cathedra'' is commonly used for an academic teaching mandate, the professorial chair.
From the presence of this cathedra (throne), which can be as elaborate and precious as fits a secular prince (even if the prelate is not a
prince of the church in the secular sense), a bishop's primary church is called a ''
cathedral''. In the Roman Catholic Church, a
basilica—from the Greek ''basilikos'' 'royal'—now refers to the presence there of a papal
canopy (''
ombrellino
The umbraculum ( it, ombrellone, "big umbrella", in basilicas also conopaeum) is a historic piece of the papal regalia and insignia, once used on a daily basis to provide shade for the pope (Galbreath, 27). Also known as the pavilion, in modern ...
''), part of his
regalia, and applies mainly to many cathedrals and Catholic churches of similar importance or splendor. In
Roman Antiquity
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B ...
a basilica was secular public hall. Thus, the term basilica may also refer to a church designed after the manner of the ancient Roman basilica. Many of the churches built by the emperor
Constantine the Great
Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...
and
Justinian are of the basilica style.
Some other
prelates besides bishops are permitted the use of thrones, such as
abbots and
abbesses. These are often simpler than the thrones used by bishops and there may be restrictions on the style and ornamentation used on them, according to the regulations and traditions of the particular denomination.
As a mark of distinction, Roman Catholic bishops and higher prelates have a right to a canopy above their thrones at certain ecclesiastical functions. It is sometimes granted by special
privilege
Privilege may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Privilege'' (film), a 1967 film directed by Peter Watkins
* ''Privilege'' (Ivor Cutler album), 1983
* ''Privilege'' (Television Personalities album), 1990
* ''Privilege (Abridged)'', an alb ...
to prelates inferior to bishops, but always with limitations as to the days on which it may be used and the character of its ornamentation. The
liturgical color of the canopy should correspond with that of the other vestments. When ruling monarchs attend services, they are also allowed to be seated on a throne that is covered by a canopy, but their seats must be outside the sanctuary.
In the
Greek Orthodox Church, the bishop's throne will often combine features of the monastic choir stall (''
kathisma
A kathisma (Greek: κάθισμα; Slavonic: каѳисма, ''kai-isma''), literally, "seat", is a division of the Psalter, used in the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Rite Catholic churches. The word may also describe a hymn sung at Matins, a sea ...
'') with appurtenances inherited from the Byzantine court, such as a pair of lions seated at the foot of the throne.
The term "throne" is often used in reference to
patriarchs to designate their ecclesiastical authority; for instance, "the Ecumenical Throne" refers to the authority of the
ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople.
Western bishops may also use a
faldstool to fulfill the liturgical purpose of the cathedra when not in their own cathedral.
Papal
In the
Roman Catholic Church, the
pope is an
elected monarch, both under
canon law as
supreme head of the church, and under
international law as the
head of state—styled "sovereign pontiff"—of the
Vatican City State (the sovereign state within the city of Rome established by the 1929
Lateran Treaty). Until 1870, the pope was the elected monarch of the
Papal States, which for centuries constituted one of the largest political powers on the divided Italian peninsula. To this day, the
Holy See maintains officially recognised diplomatic status, and papal
nuncio
An apostolic nuncio ( la, nuntius apostolicus; also known as a papal nuncio or simply as a nuncio) is an ecclesiastical diplomat, serving as an envoy or a permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or to an international or ...
s and
legates
A ''legatus'' (; anglicised as legate) was a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman Army, equivalent to a modern high-ranking general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer ...
are deputed on
diplomatic missions throughout the world.
The pope's throne (''Cathedra Romana'') is located in the
apse of the
Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, his
cathedral as
Bishop of Rome.
In the
apse of
Saint Peter's Basilica, above the "Altar of the Chair" lies the
''Cathedra Petri'', a throne believed to have been used by St Peter himself and other earlier popes; this
relic
In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangi ...
is enclosed in a gilt bronze casting and forms part of a huge monument designed by
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...
.
Unlike at his cathedral (Archbasilica of St. John Lateran), there is no permanent ''
cathedra
A ''cathedra'' is the raised throne of a bishop in the early Christian basilica. When used with this meaning, it may also be called the bishop's throne. With time, the related term ''cathedral'' became synonymous with the "seat", or principa ...
'' for the pope in St Peter's Basilica, so a removable throne is placed in the basilica for the pope's use whenever he presides over a liturgical ceremony. Prior to the liturgical reforms that occurred in the wake of the
Second Vatican Council, a huge removable canopied throne was placed above an equally removable dais in the choir side of the "Altar of the Confession" (the
high altar above the tomb of St Peter and beneath the monumental bronze
baldachin); this throne stood between the apse and the Altar of the Confession.
This practice has fallen out of use with the 1960s and 1970s reform of Papal liturgy and, whenever the pope celebrates Mass in St. Peter's Basilica, a simpler portable throne is now placed on platform in front of the Altar of the Confession. Whenever Pope
Benedict XVI celebrated the
Liturgy of the Hours at St Peter's, a more elaborate removable throne was placed on a dais to the side of the Altar of the Chair. When the pope celebrates Mass on the basilica steps facing
St. Peter's Square, portable thrones are also used.
In the past, the pope was also carried on occasions in a portable throne, called the ''
sedia gestatoria''. Originally, the ''sedia'' was used as part of the elaborate procession surrounding papal ceremonies that was believed to be the most direct heir of
pharaonic splendor, and included a pair of
flabella
A flabellum (plural flabella), in Christian liturgical use, is a fan made of metal, leather, silk, parchment or feathers, intended to keep away insects from the consecrated Body and Blood of Christ and from the priest, as well as to show hon ...
(fans made from ostrich feathers) to either side.
Pope John Paul I at first abandoned the use of these implements, but later in his brief reign began to use the ''sedia'' so that he could be seen more easily by the crowds. The use of the ''sedia'' was abandoned by
Pope John Paul II in favor of the so-called "
popemobile" when outside. Near the end of his pontificate, Pope John Paul II had a specially constructed throne on wheels that could be used inside.
Prior to 1978, at the
papal conclave
A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the Apostolic succession, apostolic successor of Saint ...
, each
cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
was seated on a throne in the
Sistine Chapel during the balloting. Each throne had a
canopy over it. After a successful election, once the new pope accepted election and decided by what name he would be known, the cardinals would all lower their canopies, leaving only the canopy over the newly elected pope. This was the new pope's first throne. This tradition was dramatically portrayed in the 1968 film ''
The Shoes of the Fisherman The Shoes of the Fisherman may refer to:
* ''The Shoes of the Fisherman'' (novel), a 1963 novel by the writer Morris West
* ''The Shoes of the Fisherman'' (film), a 1968 film based on the novel
{{disambiguation ...
''.
Medieval and early modern periods
In European feudal countries, monarchs often were seated on thrones, based in all likelihood on the Roman magisterial chair. These thrones were originally quite simple, especially when compared to their Asian counterparts. One of the grandest and most important was the Throne of
Ivan "the Terrible". Dating from the mid-16th century, it is shaped as a high-backed chair with arm rests, and adorned with ivory and walrus bone plaques intricately carved with mythological, heraldic and life scenes. The plaques carved with scenes from the biblical account of
King David
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...
’s life are of particular relevance, as David was seen as the ideal for Christian monarchs. In practice, any chair the monarch occupied in a formal setting served as a "throne", though there were often special chairs used only for this kept in places the monarch often went to. Thrones began to be made in pairs, for the king and queen, which remained common in later periods. Sometimes they are identical, or the queen's throne may be slightly less grand.
The throne of the
Byzantine Empire (
Magnaura) included elaborate
automatons of singing birds. In the '
regency' (nominally an Ottoman province, de facto an independent realm) of the
bey of
Tunis, the throne was called ''kursi''.
Although medieval examples tended to be retained in the
early modern period, having acquired the aura of tradition, when new thrones were made they either continued medieval styles or were just very grand and elaborate versions of contemporary chairs or armchairs.
South Asia
In the
Indian subcontinent, the traditional
Sanskrit name for the throne was ''siṃhāsana'' (lit., seat of a lion). In the
Mughal
Mughal or Moghul may refer to:
Related to the Mughal Empire
* Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries
* Mughal dynasty
* Mughal emperors
* Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia
* Mughal architecture
* Mug ...
times the throne was called ''Shāhī takht'' (). The term ''gadi'' or ''gaddi'' (, also called ''rājgaddī'') referred to a seat with a cushion used as a throne by Indian princes. That term was usually used for the throne of a Hindu
princely state
A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj, British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, ...
's ruler, while among Muslim princes or Nawabs, save exceptions such as the
Travancore State royal family, the term ''musnad'' (), also spelt as ''musnud'', was more common, even though both seats were similar.
The
Throne of Jahangir was built by Mughal emperor
Jahangir
Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti.
Ear ...
in 1602 and is located at the ''
Diwan-i-Khas
Diwan or Divan is a term of Persian origin referring to various types of reception halls. The term occurs in various examples of Islamic architecture, where it can also refer to a government council chamber (related to the ''divan''), as well as in ...
'' (hall of private audience) at the
Agra Fort.
The
Peacock Throne was the seat of the
Mughal emperors of India. It was commissioned in the early 17th century by Emperor
Shah Jahan
Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...
and was located in the
Red Fort of Delhi. The original throne was subsequently captured and taken as a war trophy in 1739 by the Persian king
Nadir Shah and has been lost ever since. A replacement throne based on the original was commissioned afterwards and existed until the
Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne was made by the goldsmith Hafez Muhammad Multani about 1820 to 1830, for the eponymous ruler of the Sikh empire. It is made of a wood and resin core, covered with sheets of repoussé, chased and engraved gold. was made by the goldsmith Hafez Muhammad Multani about 1820 to 1830. Made of wood and resin core, covered with sheets of repoussé, chased and engraved gold.
The Golden Throne or
Chinnada Simhasana
The Golden Throne or ''Chinnada Simhasana'' or ''Ratna Simhasana'' in Kannada, was the royal throne of the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. It is one of the main attraction of Mysore Palace. It is kept for public viewing only during Dasara fest ...
or
Ratna Simahasana
The Golden Throne or ''Chinnada Simhasana'' or ''Ratna Simhasana'' in Kannada, was the royal throne of the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. It is one of the main attraction of Mysore Palace. It is kept for public viewing only during Dasara fes ...
in
Kannada is the royal seat of the rulers of the
Kingdom of Mysore
The Kingdom of Mysore was a realm in South India, southern India, traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of Mysore. From 1799 until 1950, it was a princely state, until 1947 in a subsidiary allia ...
. The Golden Throne is kept at Mysore Palace.
Southeast Asia
In Burma, the traditional name for a throne is ''
palin
The surname Palin is a name of British origin, either English or Welsh. Possible derivations include an anglicization of the Welsh patronymic ''ap Heilyn'' ("son of Heilyn") or a reference to the English placenames Poling, West Sussex or Sea Pallin ...
,'' from the
Pali term ''pallaṅka'', which means "couch" or "sofa." The Burmese ''palin'' in pre-colonial times was used to seat the sovereign and his main consort, and is today used to seat religious leaders such as
sayadaws, and images of the Buddha. Royal thrones are called ''yazapalin'' (ရာဇပလ္လင်), while thrones seating images or statues of the Buddha are called ''gaw pallin'' (ဂေါ့ပလ္လင်) or ''samakhan'' (စမ္မခဏ်), from the Pali term ''sammakhaṇḍa''.
East Asia
The
Dragon Throne is the term used to identify the throne of the
emperor of China. As the
dragon
A dragon is a reptilian legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as ...
was the emblem of divine imperial power, the throne of the emperor, who was considered a living
god, was known as the Dragon Throne. The term can refer to very specific seating, as in the special seating in various structures in the
Forbidden City of
Beijing or in the palaces of the
Old Summer Palace. In an abstract sense, the "Dragon Throne" also refers
rhetorically
Rhetoric () is the Art (skill), art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the Trivium, three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuad ...
to the
head of state and to the
monarchy itself. The
Daoguang Emperor is said to have referred to his throne as "the divine
utensil
Utensil may refer to:
* Kitchen utensil, one of the tools of cooking and baking – cookware and bakeware
* Eating utensil, a tool for shaping and carrying food to the mouth
* A tool
A tool is an object that can extend an individual's ability ...
."
The
throne of the
emperors of
Vietnam are often referred to as ''ngai vàng'' ("golden throne") or ''ngôi báu'' (大寳/寶座) literally "great precious" (seat/position). The throne is always adorned with the pattern and motif of the
Vietnamese dragon, which is the exclusive and privileged symbol of the Vietnamese emperors. The last existing imperial throne in Vietnam is the throne of the
Nguyễn emperors placed in the Hall of Supreme Harmony at the
Imperial City of Huế
The Imperial City ( vi, Hoàng thành; Chữ Hán: 皇城) is a walled enclosure within the citadel (''Kinh thành''; Chữ Hán: 京城) of the city of Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty. It contains the pa ...
. It is designated as a
national treasure of Vietnam. In
Vietnamese folk religion, the gods, deities and ancestral spirits are believed to seat figuratively on thrones at places of worship. Therefore, on Vietnamese altars, there are various types of liturgical "throne" often decorated with red paint and golden gilding.
The
Phoenix Throne
The Phoenix Throne (''eojwa'') is the term used to identify the throne of the hereditary monarchs of Korea. In an abstract sense, the Phoenix Throne also refers rhetorically to the head of state of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and the Empir ...
(御座/어좌 ''eojwa'') is the term used to identify the throne of the
king of Korea. In an abstract sense, the Phoenix Throne also refers
rhetorically
Rhetoric () is the Art (skill), art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the Trivium, three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuad ...
to the
head of state of the
Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and the
Empire of Korea (1897–1910). The throne is located at
Gyeongbok Palace in Seoul.
The is the term used to identify the throne of the
emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the ''takamikura'' (高御座) throne in the Shishin-den at
Kyoto Imperial Palace.
The throne of the
Ryukyu Kingdom is located in
Shuri Castle, Naha.
Modern period
During the
Russian Empire, the throne in
St. George's Hall (the "Greater Throne Room") in the
Winter Palace was regarded as ''the'' throne of Russia. It sits atop a seven-stepped
dais with a
proscenium arch
A proscenium ( grc-gre, προσκήνιον, ) is the metaphorical vertical plane of space in a theatre, usually surrounded on the top and sides by a physical proscenium arch (whether or not truly "arched") and on the bottom by the stage floor ...
above and the symbol of the imperial family behind (the
two-headed eagle
In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, original ...
).
Peter I's Room (the "Smaller Throne Room") is modest in comparison to the former. The throne was made for
Empress
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
Anna Ivanovna in London. There is also a throne in the Grand Throne Room of the
Peterhof Palace.
In some countries with a monarchy, thrones are still used and have important symbolic and ceremonial meaning. Among the most famous thrones still in usage are
St Edward's Chair
The Coronation Chair, known historically as St Edward's Chair or King Edward's Chair, is an ancient wooden chair on which British monarchs sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at their coronations. It was commissioned in 1296 by ...
, on which the
British monarch
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwi ...
is crowned, and the thrones used by monarchs during the state opening of parliaments in the
United Kingdom, the
Netherlands,
Canada,
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, and
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
(see above) among others.
Some republics use distinctive throne-like chairs in some state ceremonial. The
president of Ireland sits on a former
viceregal throne during his or her
inauguration
In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaugu ...
ceremony, while
lords mayor and
lords provost of many
British and
Irish cities often preside over local councils from throne-like chairs.
Owing to its symbolic nature, a toilet is often jokingly referred to as "a throne".
List
* The
Throne of Solomon
The Throne of Solomon is the throne of King Solomon in the Hebrew Bible, and is a motif in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
The throne as Solomon's seat of state is described in 1 Kings 10:
Hebrew Bible
The term "throne" is used both litera ...
Europe
*
Throne of Apollo
Amyclae or Amyklai ( grc, Ἀμύκλαι) was a city of ancient Laconia, situated on the right or western bank of the Eurotas, 20 stadia south of Sparta, in a district remarkable for the abundance of its trees and its fertility. Amyclae was one o ...
in
Amyclae
*
St. Edward's Chair
The Coronation Chair, known historically as St Edward's Chair or King Edward's Chair, is an ancient wooden chair on which British monarchs sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at their coronations. It was commissioned in 1296 by ...
in
Westminster Abbey,
London, where
British monarchs are crowned. It at one time contained the
Stone of Scone (also called the Stone of Destiny) upon which the Kings of
Scotland were crowned
*
Chairing of the Bard in
Wales is an ancient ceremonial procedure which dates back to at least 1176, in which the winning poet is chaired
Y Prifardd (The Chief Bard) at the
National Eisteddfod
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: ') is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors ...
*
Chair of St Augustine
The Chair of St Augustine or ''Cathedra Augustini'' (Latin) is the ceremonial enthronement '' cathedra'' chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent.
History
Named after the first Archbishop of Canterbury, St Augustin ...
in
Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the ...
, where
Archbishops of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...
are inaugurated
*
Throne of
Charlemagne in the
cathedral at
Aachen
Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
,
Germany
*
Imperial Throne of the medieval German kings and emperors in
Goslar,
Germany.
* Throne of the King of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia, Corsica and Sicilia and Count of Barcelona
Martin I the Elder
* Ivory Throne of
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584.
Ivan ...
* papal
Chair of Saint Peter
The Chair of Saint Peter ( la, Cathedra Petri), also known as the Throne of Saint Peter, is a relic conserved in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the sovereign enclave of the Pope inside Rome, Italy. The relic is a wooden throne that tradi ...
and ''
sedia gestatoria''
*
Throne Chair of Denmark, made of
narwhal
The narwhal, also known as a narwhale (''Monodon monoceros''), is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada and Russia. It is o ...
tusks.
By
Wilhelm Bendz
Wilhelm Ferdinand Bendz (20 March 1804 – 14 November 1832) was a Danish painter mainly known for genre works and portraits which often portray his artist colleagues and their daily lives. He was one of the most talented artists in the successful ...
(1830)
*
Silver Throne
The Silver Throne ( sv, Silvertronen or ) is a throne which has been used by the Swedish monarch at coronations, accessions to the throne and state opening of the parliament. The Silver Throne is located in the Hall of State at Stockholm Palace. ...
in
Stockholm Palace,
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
, on which
Swedish monarchs
This is a list of Swedish kings, queens, regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union.
History
The earliest record of what is generally considered to be a Swedish king appears in Tacitus' work '' Germania'', c. 100 AD (the king of the Suiones). Ho ...
were crowned
* Queen Lovisa Ulrikas throne at Stockholm palace, Sweden
Africa
* Golden Throne of
pharaoh Tutankhamun
*
Golden Stool of the
Ashanti Empire
* Throne of David of the
Emperors of
Ethiopia
*
Chieftaincy Stools of
Nigeria
Asia
*
Dragon Throne of the
Emperors of
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
*
Golden Throne of the
Emperors of
Vietnam
*
Chrysanthemum Throne of the
Emperors of
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
(
:ja:高御座)
*
Phoenix Throne
The Phoenix Throne (''eojwa'') is the term used to identify the throne of the hereditary monarchs of Korea. In an abstract sense, the Phoenix Throne also refers rhetorically to the head of state of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and the Empir ...
of the
Kings of
Korea
*
Lion Throne
The Lion Throne is the English term used to identify the throne of the Dalai Lama of Tibet. It specifically refers to the throne historically used by Dalai Lamas at Potala Palace in Lhasa.
See also
* List of Dalai Lamas
* Tibetan independence ...
of the
Dalai Lama of
Tibet
* Lion Throne of
Sikkim
*
Lion Throne
The Lion Throne is the English term used to identify the throne of the Dalai Lama of Tibet. It specifically refers to the throne historically used by Dalai Lamas at Potala Palace in Lhasa.
See also
* List of Dalai Lamas
* Tibetan independence ...
of
konbaung of Burma,(
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
)
* Lotus Throne of Konbaung of Burma
* Bumblebee Throne of Konbaung of Burma
*
Hamsa Throne of Konbaung of Burma
* Deer Throne of Konbaung of Burma
* Elephant Throne of Konbaung of Burma
* Conch Throne of Konbaung of Burma
* Stone throne of King Kasyapa from
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
br>
from the 5th century citadel of
Sigiri
Sigiriya or Sinhagiri (''Lion Rock'' si, සීගිරිය, ta, சிகிரியா/சிங்ககிரி, pronounced see-gi-ri-yə) is an ancient rock fortress located in the northern Matale District near the town of Dambull ...
* Stone throne of King
Nissankamalla
Nissanka Malla ( si, නිස්සංක මල්ල), also known as Keerti Nissanka and Kalinga Lokesvara was a king of Polonnaruwa ( Sri Lanka) who ruled the country from 1187 to 1196. He is known for his architectural constructions such as t ...
from
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
br>
from the 12th century
Polonnaruwa kingdom
*
Kandian Throne
Kandian ( fa, كنديان, also Romanized as Kandīān; also known as Kandān) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Ira ...
of the
Kingdom of Kandy
The Kingdom of Kandy was a monarchy on the Sri Lanka, island of Sri Lanka, located in the central and eastern portion of the island. It was founded in the late 15th century and endured until the early 19th century.
Initially a client kingdom ...
and the
Dominion of Ceylon
*
Peacock Throne of the
Mughal
Mughal or Moghul may refer to:
Related to the Mughal Empire
* Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries
* Mughal dynasty
* Mughal emperors
* Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia
* Mughal architecture
* Mug ...
Emperors of India
*
Sun Throne of Persia/Iran
*
Marble Throne
The Marble Throne ( fa, تخت مرمر, Taxt-e Marmar) is a 250-year-old royal throne in Golestan Palace, Tehran, Iran.
The throne was built from 1747 to 1751. It was designed by Mirza Baba Shirazi (Naqqash Bashi) and royal stonecutter, Mo ...
and
Sun Throne of the
Persian Shahs
* Peacock Throne of
Korea
* Peacock Throne at
Montchobo, then at
Ava, ancient capitals of
Burma
* Saridhaleys "ivory throne" and the sighsana "lion throne" of the
Maldives sultanate
* Sandalwood throne at
Bikaner Fort
*
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne was made by the goldsmith Hafez Muhammad Multani about 1820 to 1830, for the eponymous ruler of the Sikh empire. It is made of a wood and resin core, covered with sheets of repoussé, chased and engraved gold.
* Tupou Throne of the Kingdom of Tonga (Polynesian island country)
*
Golden Throne in
Mysore India
In popular culture
A Song of Ice and Fire
''A Song of Ice and Fire'' is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin. He began the first volume of the series, ''A Game of Thrones'', in 1991, and it was published in 1996. Martin, who init ...
/
Game of Thrones
''Game of Thrones'' is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It is an adaptation of ''A Song of Ice and Fire'', a series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, the first ...
*
The Iron Throne
* The Salt Throne
Fantasy
* Ember Throne of Vulcanius
* Wave Throne of Great Waterton
* Airean Throne of Skyreland
Warhammer 40,000
*
The Golden Throne
*Skull Throne of
Khorne (shared with
Warhammer Fantasy Warhammer Fantasy can mean:
* ''Warhammer Fantasy'' (setting), the fictional setting of the various games and media
* ''Warhammer'' (game), a table-top fantasy miniature wargame, and origin of the franchise
*''Warhammer Age of Sigmar'', the success ...
and
Warhammer Age of Sigmar)
Gallery
Africa
File:Golden stool 31 January 1935.jpg, The Assante Golden Stool on its throne, the ''hwedom dwa'' (1935)
File:Musée national d'Ethiopie-Trône de Hailé Sélassié.jpg, Throne of emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia
File:Throne Room - Bardo Palace - Tunis - Tunisia - 1899.jpg, Throne of the bey of Tunis
Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...
, Bardo Palace
Asia-Pacific
File:Gran Palacio, Bangkok, Tailandia, 2013-08-22, DD 57 (Cropped).jpg, Throne of Thailand in the Grand Palace
The Grand Palace ( th, พระบรมมหาราชวัง, Royal Institute of Thailand. (2011). ''How to read and how to write.'' (20th Edition). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. .) is a complex of buildings at the heart of Ban ...
File:Royal Throne of Tonga, 1900.jpg, Throne of Tonga
File:Lion throne, Mandalay Palace.jpg, Lion throne, Mandalay Palace
File:Lily Throne, Mandalay Palace.jpg, Lily Throne, Mandalay Palace
File:Saya Chone's "Royal Audience".png, Painting of a royal audience in Burma
File:Singgasana Sultan dan Permaisuri Tidore.jpg, Lion Throne of the Sultan of Tidore
File:Forbiddencitythroneroom01.jpg, Throne of Ming and Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...
emperors, Forbidden City of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
File:The Throne of Kandyan Kings.jpg, Throne of Kandyan
Kandy ( si, මහනුවර ''Mahanuwara'', ; ta, கண்டி Kandy, ) is a major city in Sri Lanka located in the Central Province. It was the last capital of the ancient kings' era of Sri Lanka. The city lies in the midst of hills ...
Sinhalese
Sinhala may refer to:
* Something of or related to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka
* Sinhalese people
* Sinhala language, one of the three official languages used in Sri Lanka
* Sinhala script, a writing system for the Sinhala language
** Sinha ...
Monarchs.
File:Chowmahalla Palace (22737529483).jpg, Throne of the Nizam, Chowmahalla Palace
File:Naderi throne.jpg, Naderi Throne
The Naderi Throne of Iran is a gemmed and enameled throne made during the Qajar era, now kept in the national treasury of the Central Bank of Iran. The throne has no relation to Nader Shah: the name derives from the word nader meaning "rare" or "u ...
of Persia, Crown Jewels Museum, Tehran
File:1892 throne of Fath Ali Shah Teheran.png, Sun Throne of Persia, Tehran
File:Ivane marmar (16).JPG, Marble Throne
The Marble Throne ( fa, تخت مرمر, Taxt-e Marmar) is a 250-year-old royal throne in Golestan Palace, Tehran, Iran.
The throne was built from 1747 to 1751. It was designed by Mirza Baba Shirazi (Naqqash Bashi) and royal stonecutter, Mo ...
of Persia, Golestan Palace, Tehran
File:Imperial Throne of Shishinden in Kyoto Imperial Palace.jpg, Imperial throne used for the Enthronement of the Japanese Emperor
File:Seoul Gyeongbokgung Throne.jpg, The Phoenix Throne
The Phoenix Throne (''eojwa'') is the term used to identify the throne of the hereditary monarchs of Korea. In an abstract sense, the Phoenix Throne also refers rhetorically to the head of state of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and the Empir ...
of the King of Joseon in Gyeongbokgung, South Korea
File:Bên trong điện Thái Hòa(1).jpg, The Throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Imperial City, Huế, Vietnam
File:Iolani Palace Throne Room (20029570929).jpg, Throne of Hawaii, Iolani Palace
Europe
File:Celebración de la Pascua Militar 2019 06.jpg, King Felipe VI giving a speech in front of the thrones of the king and queen of Spain, Madrid
File:Prinsjesdag 1979, Juliana en Bernhard in de Ridderzaal, voorlezen troonrede.jpg, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands
Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.
Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Sh ...
giving a speech from the throne
A speech from the throne, or throne speech, is an event in certain monarchies in which the reigning sovereign, or a representative thereof, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's legislature when a session is opened, outlining th ...
in the Ridderzaal
File:Serment de Philippe de Belgique.jpg, King Philippe I of Belgium
french: Philippe Léopold Louis Mariegerman: Philipp Leopold Ludwig Maria
, house = Belgium
, father = Albert II of Belgium
, mother = Paola Ruffo di Calabria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Belvédère Castle, Laeken, ...
seated on the throne inside the senate during his swearing-in ceremony
File:Coronation Chair Denmark (King).jpg, The Danish throne made out of ivory narwhal tusks
File:San Marino tron kapitanow regentow.jpg, Throne of the Captains-Regent of San Marino
The Captains Regent ( Italian: ''Capitani reggenti'') are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chose ...
, inside the basilica di San Marino
The Basilica di San Marino is a Catholic church located in the Republic of San Marino. While the country has a distinct domination of historic religious buildings of Christian faith, the basilica is the main church of the City of San Marino. It ...
File:Paris Musée Cluny Trône de Dagobert 135.jpg, French Throne of Dagobert, dating to the 7th century
File:SanktEdvardsstol westminster.jpg, King Edward's Chair
The Coronation Chair, known historically as St Edward's Chair or King Edward's Chair, is an ancient wooden chair on which British monarchs sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at their coronations. It was commissioned in 1296 by ...
, Westminster Abbey, England
File:Vojvodski stol.jpg, Duke's Chair of Carantania
Carantania, also known as Carentania ( sl, Karantanija, german: Karantanien, in Old Slavic '), was a Slavic principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th century, in the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern ...
File:Throne of Franz Joseph I of Austria 01.jpg, Throne of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
File:Thronsaal, Residenz München.jpg, Throne of the Bavarian King, Munich
File:Dublin Castle Throne Room 2018.jpg, Irish Viceregal Throne, Dublin Castle
File:Palácio Nacional da Ajuda, throne room-1.JPG, Thrones of Portugal, Ajuda Palace
The Palace of Ajuda ( pt, Palácio da Ajuda, ) is a neoclassical monument in the civil parish of Ajuda in the city of Lisbon, central Portugal. Built on the site of a temporary wooden building constructed to house the Royal family after the 1755 ...
File:Zamek Królewski w Warszawie - 05.jpg, Throne of King Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch ...
, Royal Castle, Warsaw
File:Vilnius Valdovu rumai Innen Thron 1.jpg, Throne Room, Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
File:Vladislav Saal - Thron.jpg, Throne of Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
, Prague Castle
File:Kis Tronterem.jpg, Throne Room, Buda Castle
File:Gau Peter the Great (Small Throne) Room 1863.jpg, Imperial throne of Peter I The Great
File:SanGiovanniChiostro2.JPG, Throne of the pope, Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome
File:Roma-san giovanni03.jpg, Throne of the pope, Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome
File:Honorius3.JPG, Throne of Pope Honorius III
File:Pintoricchio 015.jpg, Throne of Pope Pius II (Enea Silvio Piccolomini)
File:Canterburycathedralthrone.jpg, The Chair of St Augustine
The Chair of St Augustine or ''Cathedra Augustini'' (Latin) is the ceremonial enthronement '' cathedra'' chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent.
History
Named after the first Archbishop of Canterbury, St Augustin ...
in Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the ...
, England
South America
File:D. Pedro II e o Trono do senado imperial (5317371367).jpg, Throne of the Emperor of Brazil inside the Senate
See also
*
Al-Baqara 255
The Throne verse ( ar, آيَةُ ٱلْكُرْسِيِّ, ''Ayat Al-Kursi'') is the 255th verse of the 2nd chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqarah ( Q2:255). The verse speaks about how nothing and nobody is regarded to be comparable to Allah.
This ...
*
Enthronement
*
Speech from the throne
A speech from the throne, or throne speech, is an event in certain monarchies in which the reigning sovereign, or a representative thereof, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's legislature when a session is opened, outlining th ...
*
Throne room
*
List of chairs
Other uses
* In
music, the stool used to sit behind a
drum kit is often called a throne.
* In
religion, a niche in an
altar piece for displaying the
Holy Sacrament
There are seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, which according to Catholic theology were instituted by Jesus and entrusted to the Church. Sacraments are visible rites seen as signs and efficacious channels of the grace of God to all those ...
is called a throne.
* In
slang, a common sit-down
toilet is also called a throne, or more formally the 'porcelain throne'.
* One of the Angel choirs is an order called
Ophanim or 'Thrones', said to carry God's heavenly throne — other choir names expressing power in secular terms include Powers, Principalities, Dominions
Sources and references
{{Authority control
Monarchy
Regalia