Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (also known as TJHSST, TJ, or Jefferson) is a

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

state-chartered

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Fairfax County, Virginia Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. ...

operated by Fairfax County Public Schools. The school occupies the building of the previous Thomas Jefferson High School (constructed in 1964). A selective admissions program was initiated in 1985 through the cooperation of state and county governments, as well as corporate sponsorship from the defense and technology industries. It is one of 18 Virginia

Governor's Schools Governor's School may refer to: National organizations *National Conference of Governor's Schools, a national organization committed to establishing, supporting, and enriching summer residential governor's school programs. High schools * Governor ...

, and a founding member of the National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology. In 2021 and 2022, '' U.S. News & World Report'' ranked the school first in its annual "Best U.S. High Schools" list. Attendance at the school is open to students in six local jurisdictions based on academic achievement, essays, and socio-economic background. Before the 2020–21 school year, the admissions process also involved a math, reading, and science exam.

History

Thomas Jefferson High School was constructed and opened in 1964. Fairfax County Public Schools' superintendent William J. Burkholder and his staff began working on the idea of a science high school in 1983 with advice from the superintendent's business/advisory council. Burkholder announced the plans for the magnet school in January 1984. The school board chose Thomas Jefferson High School as the location for the new magnet school in June 1984 and approved the funding in February 1985. The school was originally intended to only serve

Fairfax County Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. ...

students, but after Virginia governor

Charles S. Robb Charles Spittal Robb (born June 26, 1939) is an American politician from Virginia and former officer in the United States Marine Corps. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 64th governor of Virginia from 1982 to 1986 and a United ...

chose Fairfax County as the location of a regional science and technology school, the school board voted to accept the funding from the state and allow students from Arlington, Loudoun, and

Prince William William, Prince of Wales, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the heir apparent to the British throne. He is the elder son of King Charles III and his first wife Diana, Princess of Wales. Born in London, William was educat ...

counties and from the Cities of

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and

Falls Church Falls Church is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,658. Falls Church is included in the Washington metropolitan area. Taking its name from The Falls Church, an 18th-century Churc ...

to attend as well. The business community played a significant role in the creation of the school, providing around $3 million in contributions and advice on the school's curriculum.

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, Virginia Power,

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, and

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, among other companies, made significant contributions in equipment or finances to the school before it opened. Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology opened in fall 1985 with 400 ninth-graders and 125 seniors who were selected from 1,200 applicants. The school underwent renovations from 2013 to 2017, adding additional research labs, internet cafes, three-dimensional art galleries, a black box theater, and a dome reminiscent of President

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...

’s Monticello. The renovations costed $90 million.

Admissions

The school is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools system of

. Students from

, Arlington, Loudoun, and

counties and from the Cities of

and

are eligible for admission. Students must be enrolled in Algebra 1 or a higher level math class in 8th grade and have a minimum GPA of 3.5 to be eligible. The admissions process is based on grade point average, a math or science related problem solving essay, a student portrait sheet demonstrating skills and character, and details about a student's socio-economic background including whether they are economically disadvantaged, a special education student, or an English language learner. Each public school is allocated a number of seats equal to 1.5% of that school's 8th grade student population; the remaining seats are unallocated and offered to the highest evaluated remaining students. During the admissions process, students are identified only by a number; admissions officers do not know their race, ethnicity, sex, or name. Before the 2020–21 school year, the admissions process also included a math, reading, and science exam.

Demographics and exam controversy

The admissions process and the demographics of the student body it produces, in particular the under-representation of

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and

Hispanic The term ''Hispanic'' ( es, hispano) refers to people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or Hispanidad. The term commonly applies to countries with a cultural and historical link to Spain and to Vic ...

students relative to the school system overall, have been a source of controversy throughout the school's history. After the school's early graduating classes included relatively few black and Hispanic students, FCPS created a race-based affirmative action program to admit more black and Hispanic students. The program was in effect for the admissions process for the graduating classes of 1997 through 2002; the county ended it because of legal challenges to similar programs. Following the end of this program, the share of black and Hispanic students at the school decreased from 9.4 percent in 1997–98 to 3.5 percent in 2003–04. Black and Hispanic students remained significantly under-represented at the school through the 2000s and 2010s. In 2012, a civil rights complaint against the school was filed with the

U.S. Department of Education The United States Department of Education is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. It began operating on May 4, 1980, having been created after the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department ...

Office of Civil Rights by ''Coalition of the Silence,'' an advocacy group led by former county School Board member Tina Hone, and the Fairfax chapter of the

NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E.&nb ...

, alleging that it discriminated against black, Hispanic, and disabled students. In response, the Office of Civil Rights, in September 2012, opened an investigation. In 2020, the school board made a number of significant changes to the admissions process meant to increase the ratio of black and Hispanic students admitted. These included the elimination of the application fee; the increase of the number of admitted students from around 480 to 550; the elimination of an entrance exam; the allocation of seats to each middle school equal to 1.5% of their 8th grade student population; and the addition of "experience factors" including whether students are economically disadvantaged, English language learners, or special education students. Following these changes, the proportion of black and Hispanic students admitted increased from 4.52% to 18.36% while the proportion of

Asian Americans Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry (including naturalized Americans who are immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of such immigrants). Although this term had historically been used for all the indigenous people ...

decreased from 73.05% to 54.36%. The proportion of female students admitted also increased, from 41.80% to 46.00%, and to 55.45% the next year. In March 2021, the Coalition for TJ, an advocacy group opposed to the changes and represented by the Pacific Legal Foundation, sued the Fairfax County school board, alleging that the 2020 changes to the admissions process discriminated against Asian Americans. In February 2022, judge

Claude M. Hilton Claude Meredith Hilton (born December 8, 1940) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Education and career Born in Scott County, Virginia, Hilton spent his earliest child ...

of the

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (in case citations, E.D. Va.) is one of two United States district courts serving the Commonwealth of Virginia. It has jurisdiction over the Northern Virginia, Hampton Roa ...

ruled in ''

Coalition for TJ v. Fairfax County School Board ''Coalition for TJ v. Fairfax County School Board'' is a pending lawsuit challenging changes to Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology's admissions policy which were made in 2020. The Coalition for TJ, a local single-issue advo ...

'' in the Coalition for TJ's favor and ordered the school to return to the previous admissions process. The school board appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and in March 2022 that court issued a stay on the order that allowed the school to continue the new admissions process while the case was pending. The

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

rejected a request to vacate the stay in April 2022. The case is scheduled to be heard in the court of appeals in September 2022.

Curriculum

TJ3Sat and TJREVERB projects

The Systems Engineering Course designed and built a CubeSat which was launched on November 19, 2013, from

Wallops Flight Facility Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) is a rocket launch site on Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, United States, just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and approximately north-northeast of Norfolk. The facility is operated by the Goddard ...

in Virginia.

Orbital Sciences Corporation Orbital Sciences Corporation (commonly referred to as Orbital) was an American company specializing in the design, manufacture, and launch of small- and medium- class space and launch vehicle systems for commercial, military and other governmen ...

donated the CubeSat Kit to the school on December 6, 2006, and provided the launch for the satellite. After a successful launch at 8:15PM, TJ³SAT became the first satellite launched into space that was built by high school students. The launched satellite contained a 4-watt transmitter operating on

amateur radio Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communic ...

frequencies, and a

text-to-speech Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal languag ...

module to allow it to broadcast

ASCII ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...

-encoded messages sent to it from Jefferson. TJREVERB is the school's second cubesat mission, currently scheduled to launch on

CRS-26 SpaceX CRS-26, also known as SpX-26, is a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched on 26 November 2022. The mission is contracted by NASA and is flown by SpaceX using a . This is the sixth flight fo ...

. The satellite will test

Iridium satellite Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density of ...

radio and connect to the students' groundstation via email.

Computer Systems Lab

The school's computer systems lab is one of the few high school computing facilities with a

supercomputer A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second ( FLOPS) instead of million instructions ...

. In 1988, a team from the school won an ETA-10P supercomputer in the SuperQuest competition, a national science competition for high school students. The ETA-10P was damaged by a roof leak in the 1990s.

Cray Inc. Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. Several Cray supercomputer systems are listed i ...

donated a new SV1 supercomputer, known as Seymour, to the school on December 4, 2002, which is on display as of 2021. The lab also supported a number of

Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American technology company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the ...

thin clients for use by students enrolled in AP Computer Science. In 2008, the school received a grant from Sun Microsystems for $388,048, which was student-written. The Syslab was given 7 Sun workstations, 12 Sun servers, and 145 Sun Rays for distribution throughout the school. These were placed in the existing AP Computer Science Lab and the science classrooms, support backend services, and serve as kiosks placed around the school for guests, students, and faculty. However, the Sun Rays were taken out of the AP Computer Science Lab due to teachers' objections. By 2014, the Sun Ray clients were decommissioned, and replaced with Linux-based thin clients running LTSP. Since 2000, students have built and maintained an Intranet application used to give students access to school resources remotely, and to manage the Eighth Period program. Three iterations of the application have been developed: the original system, built in 2000 as an early PHP application; Intranet2, known as Iodine, which used object-oriented PHP; and Ion, written in Python using the Django web framework.

Awards and recognition

In 2021 and 2022, '' U.S. News & World Report'' ranked TJ as the best overall high school in the United States. It was previously ranked fourth in 2020, tenth in 2019, and sixth in 2018. In 2016, the school placed first in ''

Newsweek ''Newsweek'' is an American weekly online news magazine co-owned 50 percent each by Dev Pragad, its president and CEO, and Johnathan Davis (businessman), Johnathan Davis, who has no operational role at ''Newsweek''. Founded as a weekly print m ...

s annual "America's Top High Schools" rankings for the third consecutive year. The average

SAT The SAT ( ) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times; originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, it was later called the Schola ...

score for the graduating class of 2020 was 1528 and the average ACT score was 34.5. The school had 14 Intel Science Talent Search Semifinalists in 2007, 15 in 2009, and 13 in 2010. In 2007, for schools with more than 800 students in grades 10–12, TJ was cited as having the highest-performing AP Calculus BC, AP Chemistry, AP French Language, AP Government and Politics, U.S., and AP U.S. History courses among all schools worldwide. In 2014, 3864 AP Exams were taken by students; over 97% earned a score of 3, 4, or 5. President

Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...

signed the

America Invents Act The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

into law on September 16, 2011, at the school. The law was made to reform U.S. patent laws. In 1997, 2000, 2013, and 2017, the wind ensemble of the school was among fifteen high-school bands invited to the Music for All National Concert Band Festival in Indianapolis.

Notable alumni

Yohannes Abraham Yohannes Abraham is an American government official who is the Representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. His previous positions included Deputy Assistant to the President for the Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernm ...

, government official * Chris Avellone, game designer *

Praveen Balakrishnan Praveen Balakrishnan (born May 21, 2002) is an American chess grandmaster from Centreville, Virginia. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster (GM) by FIDE in 2021, and he is a recipient of the 2021 Samford Fellowship. As of January 2022, he is ...

, Chess Grandmaster *

Sandra Beasley Sandra Beasley (born May 5, 1980, in Vienna, Virginia) is an American poet and non-fiction writer. Background Beasley graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, earned a B.A. in English ''magna cum laude'' from the U ...

, poet *

Bob Bland Mari Lynn Foulger (born December 17, 1982), better known as Bob Bland, is an American fashion designer and activist. Bland co-chaired the 2017 Women's March but later resigned from the 2019 Women's March board following accusations of antisemit ...

, fashion designer and activist *

Ian Caldwell Ian Mackinnon Caldwell is an American novelist known for co-authoring the 2004 novel '' The Rule of Four''. His second book, ''The Fifth Gospel'', was published in 2015. Personal life Caldwell was born and raised in Fairfax County, Virginia dur ...

, author *

Mark Changizi Mark Changizi (born 1969) is an American theoretical cognitive scientist. He is known for his research on evolutionary origins of biological and cognitive design, including the "Perceiving the present" hypothesis to understand optical illusions, ...

, theoretical cognitive scientist *

Mike Elias Michael Elias (born December 28, 1982) is an American baseball executive. He is the executive vice president and general manager for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). Career Elias graduated from the Thomas Jefferson High Sch ...

, baseball executive *

Mark Embree Mark Embree is professor of computational and applied mathematicsbr>at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. Until 2013, he was a professor of computational and applied mathematics at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Mark Embree was awarded ...

, mathematician and

Rhodes Scholar The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford, in the United Kingdom. Established in 1902, it is the oldest graduate scholarship in the world. It is considered among the world' ...

Eric Froehlich Eric Froehlich (born February 9, 1984 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American professional poker player, professional Magic: The Gathering player, and member of the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame. He lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, with h ...

, professional

poker Poker is a family of comparing card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, however in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game w ...

and Magic: The Gathering player * Sara Goldrick-Rab, sociologist * Stephanie Hannon, CTO of

Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016 The 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton was announced in a YouTube video, on April 12, 2015. Hillary Clinton was the 67th United States Secretary of State and served during the first term of the Obama administration, 2009 to 2013. ...

Darius Kazemi Darius Kazemi (born 1983) is an American computer programmer and artist. Kazemi and Courtney Stanton are the co-founders of the technology collective Feel Train. Early life Kazemi was born on July 28, 1983. He attended Thomas Jefferson High Sch ...

, programmer, artist, and co-founder of Feel Train * Sophia Kianni, climate activist *

Andrew Kirmse Andrew Kirmse is an American computer programmer. He was a co-creator of Meridian 59, the first 3D massively-multiplayer online game. While an engineer at Google, he co-created Google Now, a predictive search engine. Early life Andrew Kirmse ...

, game developer and computer programmer * Ehren Kruger, screenwriter *

Christo Landry Christo Landry (born April 29, 1986) is a United States distance runner who has won multiple USA Road Championships and holds the American record in the 25 km distance. Education Born in Madison, Wisconsin, Landry attended Thomas Jefferson ...

, professional long-distance runner *

Howard Lerman Howard Lerman (born February 27, 1980) is an entrepreneur. Lerman was the CEO of Yext, a technology startup and Software as a Service company he co-founded that provides businesses with a way to update business information, including addresses an ...

, entrepreneur, co-founder of Yext *

Jose Llana Jose Llana (born 5 May 1976) is a Filipino-American singer and actor best known for his roles on Broadway. Biography Born 5 May 1976, Llana, a native of Manila, Philippines, grew up in Springfield, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, D.C. After ...

, actor *

Geoffrey von Maltzahn Geoffrey von Maltzahn (born July 22, 1980) is an American biological engineer and businessman in the biotechnology and life sciences industry who has founded a number of companies including Indigo Agriculture, Sana Biotechnology, Kaleido Bioscie ...

, biological engineer, founder of

Indigo Agriculture Indigo Agriculture is a Boston, Massachusetts-based agricultural technology company that works with plant microbes, aiming to improve yields of cotton, wheat, corn, soybeans, and rice. The company also offers crop storage and other logistics pro ...

Mehret Mandefro Mehret Mandefro (born 1977) is an Ethiopian–American film/television producer, writer, physician and anthropologist. She is the group leader of the Indaba Africa, a co-founder of Realness Institute and co-founder of Truth Aid Media and is a b ...

, film/televesion producer, writer, physician, anthropologist * Ashley Miller, screenwriter *

Kathryn Minshew Kathryn Minshew is an American entrepreneur, the CEO and co-founder of The Muse, a career-development platform.Wang, Jennifer"How 5 Successful Entrepreneurs Bounced Back After Failure" entrepreneur.com. Retrieved January 25, 2013. Career Mi ...

, CEO and co-founder of The Muse *

Anthony Myint Anthony Eric Myint (born May 5, 1978, Falls Church, Virginia, United States) is an American restaurateur, chef, activist, author and food consultant based in the Mission in San Francisco, California. He is a founder oMission Chinese Food "The Pere ...

, restaurateur * Aparna Nancherla, comedian *

Amna Nawaz Amna Nawaz is an American broadcast journalist. She is chief correspondent and substitute anchor for the ''PBS NewsHour''. Before joining PBS in April 2018, Nawaz was an anchor and correspondent at ABC News and NBC News. She has received a number ...

, broadcast journalist * Thao Nguyen, singer-songwriter *

Michael Hun Park Michael Hun Park (born April 1, 1976) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Early life and career Park is a graduate of the Thomas Jefferson High Scho ...

United States circuit judge In the United States, federal judges are judges who serve on courts established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution. They include the chief justice and the associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, the circuit judges of the U.S. Cou ...

of the

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. Its territory comprises the states of Connecticut, New York and Vermont. The court has appellate juri ...

Emma Pierson Emma Jane Pierson (born 30 April 1981) is an English actress. Her appearances in television programmes include the role of Anna Thornton-Wilton in the BBC television drama '' Hotel Babylon'', and ''SunTrap'', '' Days Like These'', '' Beast'' ...

, computer scientist and

Conor Russomanno Conor Russomanno is an entrepreneur, creative technologist, and lecturer, specializing in the development of advanced human-computer interfaces. He is the co-founder and CEO of OpenBCI, a company dedicated to Open-source model, open source innov ...

, creator of

OpenBCI OpenBCI is an open-source brain–computer interface platform, created by Joel Murphy and Conor Russomanno, after a successful Kickstarter campaign in late 2013. OpenBCI boards can be used to measure and record electrical activity produced by t ...

Robert Sarvis Robert Christopher Sarvis (born September 15, 1976) is an American attorney. While attending law school, he was the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the '' NYU Journal of Law & Liberty''; he also clerked for Judge E. Grady Jolly on the U.S. Cou ...

, lawyer * Monika Schleier-Smith, experimental physicist and MacArthur Fellow (2020) *

Andrew Seliskar Andrew Hammond Seliskar (born September 26, 1996) is a retired American competitive swimmer. He won the gold medal in the 200 meter butterfly at the 2013 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Dubai, breaking the Championships record. Seli ...

, swimmer *

Meagan Spooner Meagan Spooner is an American author of science fiction and fantasy for young adults. She is best known for the Starbound Trilogy and Unearthed, which she co-authored with Amie Kaufman, as well as for her solo ''Skylark'' trilogy and her standal ...

, author * Chris Sununu,

Governor of New Hampshire The governor of New Hampshire is the head of government of New Hampshire. The governor is elected during the biennial state general election in November of even-numbered years. New Hampshire is one of only two states, along with bordering Verm ...

Vlad Tenev Vladimir Tenev (; born 13 February 1987) is a Bulgarian Americans, Bulgarian-American entrepreneur who is the co-founder (with Baiju Bhatt) and CEO of Robinhood (company), Robinhood, a US-based financial technology services company. Early life Te ...

, co-founder of Robinhood * Owen Thomas, journalist *