Terebridae

The Terebridae, commonly referred to as auger shells or auger snails, is a group or family of small to large predatory marine gastropods in the superfamily Conoidea.Gofas, S. (2012). Terebridae. World Register of Marine Specie

2012-10-12

These gastropods have extremely high Spire (mollusc), spired shells with numerous whorls, and the common name refers to the resemblance of their shells to rock drill-type drill bits.

There are more than 400 known recent species worldwide.Terryn, Y. (2007): ''A Collectors Guide to Recent Terebridae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)''. 57 pp., 65 color plts. ConchBooks & NaturalArt, Hackenheim & Gent,
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 85, Issue 4, November 2019
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Taxonomy

This family consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
* Terebrinae Mörch, 1852 - synonyms: Acusidae; Acidae Gray, 1853 (inv.)
* Pellifroniinae Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020 (with de deep-water genera ''Pellifronia'' and ''Bathyterebra'')
* Pervicaciinae Rudman, 1969 (with the predominantly Indo-Pacific genera '' Duplicaria'' and ''Partecosta'').

In 2019 there was a comprehensive revision of the taxonomy of the Terebridae by Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. in the Journal of Molluscan Studies, including the definition of new genera and the redistribution of many species to other genera.

Shell description

The shells of the sea snails in this family are typically shaped like slender augers or screws. In that respect they share certain shell characters with the family Turritellidae, the turret shells.

One characteristic that distinguishes Terebridae from Turritellidae is the short anterior canal or notch in the aperture of the shell. Terebridae shells also tend to have characteristically flattened versus convex whorls, and they often have one or two plaits on the columella.

Numerous species in this family are grouped under the genera ''Terebra'' or ''Hastula'', and a minority of species are placed in four other genera.

Life habits

These snails are sand-dwelling carnivores which live in warmer waters. In most species, a venomous barb similar to that of the cone snails, (see Conidae), is used to stun and immobilize prey, which typically consists of various marine worms.

Genera

Genera in the family Terebridae include:Gofas, S. (2010). Terebridae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160424 on 2010-04-01
* ''Bathyterebra'' Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
* ''Cinguloterebra'' Oyama, 1961
* ''Clathroterebra'' Oyama, 1961
* '' Duplicaria'' Dall, 1908
* ''Euterebra'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
* '' Gemmaterebra'' Cotton, 1952
* '' Gradaterebra'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
* '' Granuliterebra'' Oyama, 1961
* ''Hastula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* '' Hastulopsis'' Oyama, 1961
* † '' Kaweka'' Marwick, 1931
* ''Maculauger'' Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
* '' Microtrypetes'' Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932
* † '' Mirula'' Palmer, 1942
* ''Myurella'' Hinds, 1844
* '' Myurellopsis'' Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
* ''Neoterebra'' Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
* ''Oxymeris'' Dall, 1903
* ''Partecosta'' Dance & Eames, 1966
* ''Pellifronia'' Terryn & Holford, 2008
* '' Perirhoe'' Dall, 1908
* '' Pristiterebra'' Oyama, 1961
* '' Profunditerebra'' Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
* '' Punctoterebra'' Bartsch, 1923
* '' Strioterebrum'' Sacco, 1891
* ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789 -- type taxon
* † '' Zeacuminia'' Finlay, 1930

Image:Cinguloterebra salisburyi 001.jpg, ''Terebra salisburyi''
Image:Clathroterebra mactanensis 001.jpg, '' Myurella mactanensis''
Image:Duplicaria kieneri 002.jpg, '' Duplicaria kieneri''
Image:Hastula strigilata 002.jpg, '' Hastula strigilata''
Image:Impages cinerea 001.jpg, '' Hastula cinerea''
Image:Myurella undulata 001.jpg, '' Myurellopsis undulata''
Image:Oxymeris maculata 01.JPG, ''Oxymeris maculata''
Image:Strioterebrum plumbeum 001.jpg, '' Strioterebrum plumbeum''
Image:Terenolla pygmaea 001.jpg, '' Myurella pygmaea''
Image:Triplostephanus elliscrossi 001.jpg, '' Terebra elliscrossi''

;Genera brought into synonymy:
* ''Acus'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (synonym of ''Oxymeris'')
* ''Abretia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Oxymeris'' Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Abretia Rafinesque, 1814; Abretiella is a replacement name)
* ''Abretiella'' Bartsch, 1923: synonym of ''Oxymeris'' Dall, 1903
* ''Acuminia'' Dall, 1908: synonym of ''Hastula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* ''Acus'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Oxymeris'' Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Acus Lacépède, 1803 isces Oxymeris is a replacement name)
* ''Brevimyurella'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of '' Punctoterebra'' Bartsch, 1923
* ''Cinguloterebra'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Clathroterebra'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of ''Myurella'' Hinds, 1845
* ''Decorihastula'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of ''Myurella'' Hinds, 1844
* ''Dimidacus'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Diplomeriza'' Dall, 1919: synonym of '' Duplicaria'' Dall, 1908
* ''Egentelaria'' Rehder, 1980: synonym of ''Hastula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* ''Euterebra'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932: synonym of '' Duplicaria'' Dall, 1908
* ''Gradaterebra'' ''Cotton & Godfrey, 1932'': synonym of ''Euterebra'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
* ''Hastulina'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of ''Hastula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* ''Impages'' E. A. Smith, 1873: synonym of ''Hastula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* ''Laeviacus'' Oyama, 1961: synonym of '' Pristiterebra'' Oyama, 1961
* ''Myurellina'' Bartsch, 1923: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Myurellisca'' Bartsch, 1923: synonym of '' Duplicaria'' Dall, 1908
* ''Noditerebra'' Cossmann, 1896 †: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Nototerebra'' Cotton, 1947: synonym of ''Oxymeris'' Dall, 1903
* ''Panaterebra'' Olsson, 1967: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Paraterebra'' Woodring, 1928: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Partecosta'' Dance & Eames, 1966: synonym of ''Euterebra'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
* ''Pervicacia'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of '' Duplicaria'' Dall, 1908
* ''Subula'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Terebrina'' Bartsch, 1923: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789 (invalid: junior homonym of Terebrina Rafinesque, 1815; Dimidacus is a replacement name)
* ''Terebrum'' Montfort, 1810: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Terenolla'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of ''Myurella'' Hinds, 1845
* ''Triplostephanus'' Dall, 1908: synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789
* ''Vertagus'' ''Link, 1807'': synonym of ''Terebra'' Bruguière, 1789

References

* Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). ''Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world''. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
* Terryn, Y. (2007). Terebridae: A Collectors Guide. Conchbooks & Natural Art. 59pp + plates.

External links

Gray J.E. (1853). On the division of ctenobranchous gasteropodous Mollusca into larger groups and families. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 2, 11: 124–132

Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies.



Terebridae, Auger Shells

Terebra dislocata, Atlantic Auger or Eastern Auger

NC Sea Grant, ''Seashells of North Carolina Field Guide''



Shell Catalogue Family Terebridae
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Further reading

* Terryn Y. & Holford M. (2008). "The Terebridae of Vanuatu, with a revision of the * '' Granuliterebra'' Oyama, 1961". ''Visaya'' Supplement 3 (Malacological Journal of Conchology, Inc., Cebu, Philippines).

External links

Terebridae at Seashells of New South Wales

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642


Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies

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