Temiskaming Shores is a city in the
Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from pa ...
in
Northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario is a secondary region of Northern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario, which lies north of Lake Huron and east of Lake Superior.
Northeastern Ontario consists of the districts of Algoma, Sudbury, Cochrane, Timiskami ...
, Canada. It was created by the
amalgamation
Amalgamation is the process of combining or uniting multiple entities into one form.
Amalgamation, amalgam, and other derivatives may refer to:
Mathematics and science
* Amalgam (chemistry), the combination of mercury with another metal
**Pan am ...
of the town of New Liskeard, the town of Haileybury, and the township of Dymond in 2004. The city had a total
population
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...
of 9,634 in the
Canada 2021 Census
The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, which is sli ...
.
Temiskaming Shores is Ontario's second-smallest city, in terms of population, after
Dryden
''
John Dryden (; – ) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.
He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the peri ...
. Haileybury is the seat of
Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from pa ...
.
Prior to the amalgamation of Temiskaming Shores, the region was commonly nicknamed The Tri-Towns, a designation that also encompassed the neighbouring town of
Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, pr ...
. Cobalt was also part of the original Temiskaming Shores amalgamation plan, but rejected the merger. The Tri-Towns designation may still be used on occasion, but has become significantly less common since the municipal amalgamation.
In the
Canada 2001 Census, the last Canadian census before the amalgamated city came into effect, New Liskeard had a population of 4,906, Haileybury had a population of 4,543, and Dymond had a population of 1,181.
Geography
![Temiskaming Shores 2015](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Temiskaming_Shores_2015.JPG)
Temiskaming Shores is located along the southern edge of the
Clay Belt
The Clay Belt is a vast tract of fertile soil stretching between the Cochrane District in Ontario, and Abitibi County in Quebec, covering in total with of that in Ontario. It is generally subdivided into the Great Clay Belt to the north runni ...
area, near the
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
border on the shores of
Lake Timiskaming
Lake Timiskaming or Lake Temiskaming (french: Lac Témiscamingue) is a large freshwater lake on the provincial boundary between Ontario and Quebec, Canada. The lake, which forms part of the Ottawa River, is in length and covers an area of ...
's Wabi Bay. The separate township municipality of
Harris
Harris may refer to:
Places Canada
* Harris, Ontario
* Northland Pyrite Mine (also known as Harris Mine)
* Harris, Saskatchewan
* Rural Municipality of Harris No. 316, Saskatchewan
Scotland
* Harris, Outer Hebrides (sometimes called the Isle of ...
separates the city from the Ontario-Quebec border. The nearest town on the Quebec side of the border is
Notre-Dame-du-Nord
Notre-Dame-du-Nord is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. It is located at the northern end of Lake Timiskaming where the Ottawa River enters into this lake.
The munic ...
.
The city is located within the
Timiskaming Graben
The Timiskaming Graben is a long and wide depression straddling the Ontario–Quebec border in Eastern Canada. It is a northwesterly extension of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben, a failed arm of the Saint Lawrence rift system which is related to ...
, a smaller branch of the
Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
The Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben (also known as the Ottawa Graben) is a geological structure that coincides with a wide topographic depression extending from near Montréal through Ottawa. It is part of the Saint Lawrence rift system that also inclu ...
. A large
escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.
The terms ''scarp'' and ''scarp face'' are often used interchangeably with ''escar ...
, known as
Devil's Rock
Devil's Rock (also known as Devils Rock; Anishinaabe: Mani-doo Aja-bikong or Manidoo Wabikong) is a granite escarpment located south of Temiskaming Shores, Ontario, Canada. The cliffs rise above Lake Timiskaming and extend nearly as far underw ...
, is located near Haileybury.
Communities
The city includes the communities of New Liskeard, Haileybury, Dymond, and North Cobalt.
Image:Haileybury ON.jpg, Haileybury
Image:New Liskeard Ontario.jpg, New Liskeard
Image:North Cobalt ON.jpg, North Cobalt
History
The
Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (french: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: ''Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi'') is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word 'to trade', as it was the major trade route of Eastern ...
, which drains into and out of Lake Timiskaming, has been a well-travelled route from the earliest times, and served as the initial point of access to the Temiskaming area. Native peoples travelled this route since the earliest times. Fort Temiscamingue was established in 1695 by French explorers. In 1794 George Gladman of the
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; french: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada. The company's namesake business div ...
established Abitibi House on Lake Abitibi, to the north. In 1886, Alexander H. Telfer led a survey trip up Lake Timiskaming and gave a report to the Temiskaming Settlers' Association. By this time, the Quebec side of Lake Timiskaming was also being settled, and steamboats, the primary mode of transportation in the area, were ferrying new settlers into the area.
![Haileybury, Ontario, Canada - 1915](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Haileybury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada_-_1915.jpg)
Before more settlements could be established, the Quebec-Ontario boundary north of Lake Timiskaming had to be accurately surveyed. Earlier surveys by Quebec and Ontario resulted in a boundary dispute, so the Canadian government sent a survey team to resolve the issue in 1890.
William Ogilvie, who had recently distinguished himself by accurately surveying the Canada - Alaska boundary, led the expedition. A
benchmark
Benchmark may refer to:
Business and economics
* Benchmarking, evaluating performance within organizations
* Benchmark price
* Benchmark (crude oil), oil-specific practices
Science and technology
* Benchmark (surveying), a point of known elevati ...
near
Mattawa was used to establish an accurate benchmark north of Lake Timiskaming, using astronomical methods. From the head of Lake Timiskaming, they proceeded north to James Bay, fixing accurate positions of the provincial boundary at regular intervals using
geodesy
Geodesy ( ) is the Earth science of accurately measuring and understanding Earth's figure (geometric shape and size), orientation in space, and gravity. The field also incorporates studies of how these properties change over time and equivale ...
data derived from
star transits. Ogilvie's journal describe conditions in this area and the early settlers he met. His report on this expedition describes the details of this expedition.
William Murray (1840–1906) and Irvin Heard (1871–1956) were the first European settlers in the New Liskeard area, arriving in 1891. Some years later Crown Lands Agent John Armstrong was dispatched to the area to oversee formal land settlement. The settlers founded a prosperous agricultural center, taking advantage of the rich soil in the Little Claybelt region. New Liskeard was founded soon after settlers began to arrive in Dymond, and the two towns were soon incorporated, in 1903 and 1901, respectively. John Armstrong served as New Liskeard's first mayor. His descendants still live in the area today. New Liskeard was named after
Liskeard
Liskeard ( ; kw, Lyskerrys) is a small ancient stannary and market town in south-east Cornwall, South West England. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, west of the Devon border, and 12 miles (20 km) eas ...
in Cornwall, England.
![Old narrow gauge train at Haileybury, ON, 1889 (5324104160)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Old_narrow_gauge_train_at_Haileybury%2C_ON%2C_1889_%285324104160%29.jpg)
Haileybury was founded in 1889 by Charles Cobbold Farr, who named the newly founded town after the
Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury is a public school (English independent day and boarding school) near Hertford in England. It is a member of the Rugby Group and, though originally a major boys' public school in the Victorian era, it is now co-educational, enro ...
, his former school in England. Haileybury was formally incorporated as a town in 1904. Farr encouraged settlement in the area, penning his own promotional pamphlet, entitled "The Lake Temiskamingue District", in an effort to attract new settlers to the region. Marketed to settlers as prime agricultural land, Haileybury had only a handful of residents until the arrival of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway in the early 1900s, and the subsequent discovery of large silver deposits in neighboring Cobalt in 1903. During the
Cobalt Silver Rush, Haileybury became a 'bedroom community' that served the needs of the many miners and, most famously, many mine owners and managers. These mine managers and owners were responsible for the construction of the row of stately homes, nicknamed 'Millionaire's Row' that stretched along the waterfront on what is now Lakeshore Road, many of which still stand today. In 1909, the
Haileybury Hockey Club
The Haileybury Hockey Club (also known as the ''Haileybury Comets'' or ''Haileybury Miners'') of Haileybury, Ontario, was a professional ice hockey club established in 1906. The team is notable for being a founding member of the National Hockey Ass ...
played its first and only season in the
NHA. The club was taken over and moved by Montreal's Club Antique-Canadien for the following season, and became the
Montreal Canadiens
The Montreal CanadiensEven in English, the French spelling is always used instead of ''Canadians''. The French spelling of ''Montréal'' is also sometimes used in the English media. (french: link=no, Les Canadiens de Montréal), officially ...
. By 1912, Haileybury had been named the judicial seat for the Temiskaming Region, a title it retains to this day. The town of Haileybury annexed the neighbouring community of North Cobalt in 1971.
The region was affected by the
Great Fire of 1922
The Great Fire of 1922 was a wildfire burning through the Lesser Clay Belt in the Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada, from October 4 to 5, 1922. It has been called one of the ten worst natural disasters in Canadian history.
The preceding summe ...
, considered one of the worst disasters ever to befall the area. Haileybury suffered the worst damage, and approximately ninety percent of the town was destroyed, leaving only Millionaire's Row and a few other neighborhoods intact. The mass destruction is partially attributable to strong wind on the day of the fire. Approximately 3500 people were left homeless by the fire. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), with many
retired street cars in its yards, sent many old car bodies to serve as houses during the reconstruction. Some of these cars remained for years, and one has recently been restored and is in the museum at Haileybury. As well, the area was affected by the
1935 Timiskaming earthquake, which had its epicentre at
Lac Kipawa in Quebec, approximately halfway between the Haileybury/New Liskeard area and
North Bay.
In more recent history, Dymond still functions largely as an agricultural centre, while the commercial and industrial interests in the area have mostly shifted operations to the former town of New Liskeard. Haileybury maintains its status as a judicial seat, and is also home to the new city hall. A strong link to agriculture means that Temiskaming Shores has largely avoided the boom-and-bust cycle typical of most mining- and forestry-dependent small towns in Northern Ontario. Temiskaming Shores has also become a popular retirement and recreational destination, with small retirement communities like the Bayport Village being developed in the former town of Haileybury.
A building in Haileybury, built by area businessman Peter Grant as a combination home and office for his now-defunct company Grant Forest Products, was promoted as the largest house in Canada when Grant put it on the
real estate
Real estate is property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more general ...
market in 2010 for an asking price of $25 million.
In 2013, Temiskaming Shores was the main filming location for the movie ''Skating to New York''.
Amalgamation issues
Initially, as none of the old municipal office buildings were large enough to accommodate the expanded municipal staff of a single city, all three remained in use to house different city departments. A new city hall, located on Farr Drive in Haileybury, was completed in 2007.
Though now established as one legal city, Temiskaming Shores is not fully integrated geographically — there exists a noticeable demarcation between New Liskeard/Dymond and Haileybury/North Cobalt. The downtown areas of New Liskeard and Haileybury are separated by 8 km-long Lakeshore Road. For most of its length, this road lacks
sidewalks
A sidewalk (North American English), pavement (British English), footpath in Australia, India, New Zealand and Ireland, or footway, is a path along the side of a street, highway, terminals. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone ...
, which makes it quite impractical to travel through the city without using a
motor vehicle
A motor vehicle, also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on Track (rail transport), rails (such as trains or trams) and is used for the transportation of pe ...
. The STATO Trail, now completed, is intended to resolve this problem; the path runs along the waterfront by City Hall.
Demographics
In the
2021 Census of Population conducted by
Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada (StatCan; french: Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and cultur ...
, Temiskaming Shores had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
English was the mother language of 66.4% of Temiskaming Shore's population, while 28.4% of the city's residents spoke French as a mother language.
Transportation
Highway 11 and
Highway 65 pass through the city. The primary arterial route through Haileybury and New Liskeard also formerly held the
business route
A business route (or business loop, business spur, or city route) in the United States is a short special route connected to a ''parent'' numbered highway at its beginning, then routed through the central business district of a nearby city or ...
designation
Highway 11B.
Temiskaming Shores and Cobalt share a small
public transit
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typical ...
system, Tri-Town Transit.
The
Ontario Northland
The Ontario Northland Transportation Commission (ONTC), or simply Ontario Northland, is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario responsible for providing transportation services for passengers and goods in northern Ontario. It reports to ...
bus service makes scheduled stops in Dymond and Haileybury.
Shopping
The city is the economic and service hub to a population of approximately 32,500 from small communities in the surrounding region. Professional services and large retailers continue to open in the community to service regional customers from both Ontario and Quebec.
The city's one enclosed shopping mall, Timiskaming Square, is located in the Dymond area at 883303 Highway 65 (47.51 N, 79.67 W). Owned by Plaza REIT, it opened in 1977 and has 21 stores,
anchored by
Food Basics
Food Basics Ltd. is a Canadian supermarket chain owned by Metro Inc. The company operates over 130 stores throughout Ontario.
History
Food Basics was created by A&P Canada to compete with the successful No Frills warehouse-style supermarket op ...
. The mall has 164,142 sq. ft. (15,249 m²) of space. Its popularity in the 1980s contributed to the decline of the downtown businesses of
Haileybury and to a lesser extent
New Liskeard. Since then, large
Walmart
Walmart Inc. (; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquarter ...
and
Canadian Tire
Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited is a Canadian retail company which operates in the automotive, hardware, sports, leisure and housewares sectors. Its Canadian operations include: Canadian Tire (including Canadian Tire Petroleum gas stations a ...
stores have been built nearby, resulting in a decline in mall business. As of 2021, the mall only had 6 stores and services left:
Food Basics
Food Basics Ltd. is a Canadian supermarket chain owned by Metro Inc. The company operates over 130 stores throughout Ontario.
History
Food Basics was created by A&P Canada to compete with the successful No Frills warehouse-style supermarket op ...
,
Dollarama
Dollarama is a Canadian dollar store retail chain headquartered in Montreal. Since 2009 it is Canada's largest retailer of items for five dollars or less. Dollarama has over 1400 stores and has a presence in every province of Canada; Ontario has ...
,
Giant Tiger,
Pet Valu
A pet, or companion animal, is an animal kept primarily for a person's company or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive appearances, intelligence ...
,
TD Canada Trust
TD Canada Trust, frequently shortened to simply TD, is the commercial banking operation of TD Bank Group in Canada. TD Canada Trust offers a range of financial services and products to more than 10 million Canadian customers through more than 1,1 ...
,
DriveTest, and Pop's Cannabis.
The supermarket in the mall had been a
Loeb store until 2007, when a microburst damaged a large section of the roof and forced its temporary closure. The store was rebranded as Food Basics.
Following Zellers' acquisition of
Kmart
Kmart Corporation ( , doing business as Kmart and stylized as kmart) is an American retail company that owns a chain of big box department stores. The company is headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States.
The company was inc ...
Canada in 1998, the mall's Kmart was converted to a
Zellers
Zellers was a Canadian discount department retail chain and is currently a brand name owned by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Founded in 1931 in London, Ontario, in later decades it was based in Brampton, Ontario. Zellers was acquired by HBC i ...
. Timiskaming Square already had a Zellers store, resulting in the mall having two Zellers anchor stores. This unusual setup continued until 2009, when one store was closed;
Hart
Hart often refers to:
* Hart (deer)
Hart may also refer to:
Organizations
* Hart Racing Engines, a former Formula One engine manufacturer
* Hart Skis, US ski manufacturer
* Hart Stores, a Canadian chain of department stores
* Hart's Reptile Wo ...
opened a new store in the former Zellers location, which has been subsequently closed.
Many of the mall's customers are from
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
, which is a short drive away on
Highway 65.
During the
Sunday shopping debate, the shopping centre was cited as one of the primary reasons the local representative voted in favour of the bill.
Education
Separate schools
*Ecole catholique Sainte-Croix, Ecole catholique St-Michel, Ecole secondaire catholique Sainte-Marie (administered by
Conseil scolaire catholique de district des Grandes-Rivières)
*English Catholic Central School (administered by
Northeastern Catholic District School Board)
Public schools
*New Liskeard Public School, Temiskaming District Secondary School (administered by
District School Board Ontario North East
District School Board Ontario North East (DSB1; DSB Ontario North East; known as English-language Public District School Board No. 1 prior to 1999) is an Ontario English public school board serving Northeastern Ontario from Hearst to Temagami. It ...
)
*Ecole publique des Navigateurs (administered by
Conseil scolaire de district du Nord-Est de l'Ontario
The Conseil scolaire public du Nord-Est de l'Ontario (CSPNE, formerly the Conseil scolaire de district du Nord-Est de l'Ontario or CSDNE), also known as Ontario District School Board #56, manages the French-language schools in the north-east regi ...
)
Colleges
Haileybury in Temiskaming Shores is home to the Haileybury Campus of the English-language
Northern College. The Haileybury Campus is home to Northern College's Veterinary Technology programs, including advanced diplomas in Wildlife Rehabilitation and in Companion Animal Physical Rehabilitation that were the first of their kind in Canada.
Media
Radio
*99.7 FM -
CBON-2,
Première Chaîne
A première, also spelled premiere, is the debut (first public presentation) of a play, film, dance, or musical composition.
A work will often have many premières: a world première (the first time it is shown anywhere in the world), its first ...
*102.3 FM -
CBCY,
CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Ca ...
*103.1 FM -
CJBB,
country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...
(from nearby
Englehart, Ontario
Englehart (Canada 2016 Census population 1,479) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located on the Blanche River in the Timiskaming District.
Kap-Kig-Iwan Provincial Park is located near the town of Englehart.
History
The Town ...
)
*104.5 FM -
CJTT,
adult contemporary
Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quie ...
Newspapers
Weekly community newspapers include ''The Temiskaming Speaker'', ''Le Reflet'' and ''The Temiskaming Speaker Weekender'' and the biweekly ''The Voice of the Shores''.
The Voice of the Shores
'
See also
*
List of townships in Ontario
This is a list of townships in the Canadian province of Ontario. Townships are listed by census division.
Northern Ontario Northeastern Ontario Algoma District
Historical/Geographic Townships
*Abbott
*Aberdeen Additional
*Abigo
*Abotossaway
* ...
*
List of francophone communities in Ontario
This is a list of francophone communities in the Canadian province of Ontario. Municipalities with a high percentage of French-speakers in Ontario are listed.
The provincial average of Ontarians whose mother tongue is French is 4.1%, with a to ...
References
External links
*
*
{{Timiskaming District
Cities in Ontario
Single-tier municipalities in Ontario