Tehatta I is a
community development block
In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development. The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several techni ...
that forms an administrative division in
Tehatta subdivision of
Nadia district
Nadia () is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.
Nadia district is highly influenti ...
in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
West Bengal
West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...
.
Geography
Tehatta is located at . at
Tehatta
Tehatta I CD Block is bounded by
Naoda
Naoda (also spelled Nawda & Nowda) is a town, not identified in 2011 census, with a police station, in the Naoda CD block in the Berhampore subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Naoda is ...
, in Murshidabad district, and
Karimpur II CD Block, in the north,
Gangni Upazila,
Meherpur Sadar Upazila
Meherpur Sadar ( bn, মেহেরপুর সদর) is an upazila of Meherpur District in the Division of Khulna Division, Khulna, Bangladesh. Meherpur is the smallest district of Bangladesh in the South-western part within the Khulna Division ...
and
Mujibnagar Upazila
Mujibnagar is an Upazilas of Bangladesh, upazila (subdistrict) of Meherpur District in Bangladesh.
History
Mujibnagar was formerly a part of the Meherpur Sadar Upazila, before it was made a separate Upazila on 22 February 2000. The name Mujibna ...
of
Meherpur District
Meherpur ( bn, মেহেরপুর, pron: ''meɦeɾpuɾ'') is the northwestern district of Khulna Division in southwestern Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian state of West Bengal to the west, and by the Bangladeshi districts of Kushtia a ...
of Bangladesh in the east,
Chapra CD Block in the south and
Tehatta II CD Block in the west.
Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of
Hooghly River, locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.
Tehatta I CD Block has an area of 249.55 km
2. It has 1
panchayat samity, 11
gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bo ...
s, 185 gram sansads (village councils), 62
mouzas and 55 inhabited villages.
Tehatta police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Tehatta.
Gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bo ...
s of Tehatta I block/ panchayat samiti are: Betai I, Betai II, Chanderghat, Chitka, Kanainagar, Natna, Patharghata I, Patharghata II, Raghunathpur, Shyamnagar and Tehatta.
Demographics
Population
As per the
2011 Census of India
The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
, Tehatta I CD Block had a total population of 244,322, all of which were rural. There were 125,875 (52%) males and 118,447 (48%) females. The population 6 years was 24,827.
Scheduled Castes
The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
numbered 85,294 (34.91%) and
Scheduled Tribes numbered 4,481 (1.83%).
As per the 2001 census, Tehatta I block had a total population 217,541, out of which 111,673 were males and 105,868 were females. Tehatta I block registered a population growth of 16.87 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 19.51 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Tehatta I CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Dhopahat (4,711), Chanderghat (8,399), Khaspu (4,210), Shyamnagar (7,470), Nischintapur (5,065), Chilakhali (4,759), Fatepur (4,131), Kanainagar (4,158), Rajapur (4,315), Chhitka (4,455), Mrigi (6,030), Kamalesh(6,030A), Binodnagar (6,059), Haripur (4,564), Mobarakpur (6,977),
Betai (20,774), Karaigachhi (4,226), Betai Jitpur (14,193), Bagakhali (5,393), Jitpur (4,779),
Tehatta (21,093), Natna (4,634), Taranipur (7,162), Puthimari (9,157) and Pathar Ghata (16,219).
[
Other villages in Tehatta I CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Raghunathpur (1,767).][
]
Literacy
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Tehatta I CD Block was 155,228 (70.72% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 83,454 (73.68% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 71,774 (67.54% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination occurs by the presence or absence of a Y in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by the ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 6.14%.[
See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
]
Language and religion
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 97.9% of the population of Nadia district, followed by Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
(1.1%), Santali (0.3%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Telugu
Telugu may refer to:
* Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India
*Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India
* Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language
** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode
S ...
(0.1%) and other languages 0.3%.
According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.
The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018. However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level.
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 168,455 and formed 68.95% of the population in Tehatta I CD Block. Muslims numbered 71,371 and formed 29.21% of the population. Christians numbered 4,356 and formed 1.78% of the population. Others numbered 140 and formed 0.06% of the population.
In the 2001 census Hindus numbered 220,357 and formed 62.67% of the combined population of Tehatta I and Tehatta II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 127,045 and formed 36.13% of the combined population. In the 1991 census Hindus numbered 184,404 and formed 61.30% of the combined population of Tehatta I and Tehatta II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 112,758 and formed 37.49% of the combined population.
Rural poverty
The District Human Development Report for Nadia has provided a CD Block-wise data table for Modified Human Vulnerability Index of the district. Tehatta I CD Block registered 32.71 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHVI was estimated at 33.92. A total of 8 out of the 17 CD Blocks in Nadia district were found to be severely deprived when measured against the CD Block mean MHVI - Karimpur I and Karimpur II (under Tehatta subdivision), Kaliganj, Nakashipara, Chapra, Krishnanagar I and Nabadwip (under Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision) and Santipur (under Ranaghat subdivision) appear to be backward.
As per the ''Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal'', the rural poverty ratio in Nadia district was 28.35%. The estimate was based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999–2000.
Economy
Livelihood
In Tehatta I CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 26.84%, agricultural labourers 42.67%, household industry workers 5.06% and other workers 25.43%.
The southern part of Nadia district starting from Krishnanagar I down to Chakdaha and Haringhata has some urban pockets specialising in either manufacturing or service related economic activity and has reflected a comparatively higher concentration of population but the urban population has generally stagnated. Nadia district still has a large chunk of people living in the rural areas.
Infrastructure
There are 55 inhabited villages in Tehatta I CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 16 Villages (29.09%) have post offices. 55 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 44 villages (80.00%) have a pucca approach road and 40 villages (74.73%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 15 villages (27.27%) have agricultural credit societies and 9 villages (16.36%) have banks. It should, however, be noted that although 100% villages in Nadia district had power supply in 2011, a survey in 2007-08 revealed that less than 50% of households had electricity connection. In rural areas of the country, the tube well was for many years considered to be the provider of safe drinking water, but with arsenic contamination of ground water claiming public attention it is no longer so. Piped water supply is still a distant dream. In 2007–08, the availability of piped drinking water in Nadia district was as low as 8.6%, well below the state average of around 20%.
Agriculture
Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadar
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land.
Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...
s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following land reforms
Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural ...
land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Tehatta I CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadar
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land.
Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range ...
s 6.41%, patta (document) holders 14.42%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 7.24%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 28.30% and agricultural labourers 43.63%.[ As the proportion of agricultural labourers is very high, the real wage in the agricultural sector has been a matter of concern.
Tehatta I CD Block had 312 fertiliser depots and 76 fair price shops in 2013–14.][
In 2013–14, Tehatta I CD Block produced 2,053 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 875 hectares, 13,221 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,769 hectares, 3,239 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,378 hectares, 20,965 tonnes of wheat from 6,231 hectares, 166,280 tonnes of jute from 10,868 hectares and 2,423 tonnes of potatoes from 85 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.][
In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Tehatta I CD Block was 2,233 hectares, out of which 1,211 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 1,022 hectares by deep tube wells.][
]
Banking
In 2013–14, Tehatta I CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.[
]
Transport
Tehatta I CD Block has 5 ferry services and 3 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 31 km from CD Block headquarters.[
SH 11, running from Mahammad Bazar (in Birbhum district) to Ranaghat (in Nadia district) passes through this CD Block.
]
Education
In 2013–14, Tehatta I CD Block had 132 primary schools with 10,094 students, 7 middle schools with 1,447 students, 3 high school with 2,039 students and 18 higher secondary schools with 28,524 students. Tehatta I CD Block had 1 general college with 5,302 students and 398 institutions for special and non-formal education with 13,349 students[
In Tehatta I CD Block, amongst the 55 inhabited villages, 2 had no school, 34 had more than 1 primary school, 22 had at least 1 primary school, 31 had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 18 had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.
]Dr. B.R. Ambedkar College
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar College, established in 1973, is a college of Betai, Nadia district, West Bengal, India. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and commerce. It is affiliated with the University of Kalyani.
History
Betai was a backward bor ...
was established at Betai in 1973. A local educationist Haran Chandra Biswas played a major role in establishing the college. It is affiliated to the University of Kalyani
The University of Kalyani, established in 1960, is a Government of West Bengal administered, UGC affiliated, NAAC accredited, collegiate Public Research university in Kalyani, West Bengal, India. It offers courses at the Undergraduate, Pos ...
. It offers degree courses in arts and commerce.
Tehatta Government College
Tehatta Government College (Bengali: তেহট্ট গভর্নমেন্ট কলেজ) is a general degree college nestled on the pleasant banks of Jalangi River at Tehatta in Nadia district of the state of West Bengal, India. ...
was established at Tehatta in 2014. It is affiliated to the University of Kalyani
The University of Kalyani, established in 1960, is a Government of West Bengal administered, UGC affiliated, NAAC accredited, collegiate Public Research university in Kalyani, West Bengal, India. It offers courses at the Undergraduate, Pos ...
and offers honours courses in five subjects.
Healthcare
In 2014, Tehatta I CD Block had 1 hospital, 2 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 225 beds and 15 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 27 family welfare subcentres. 13,456 patients were treated indoor and 227,956 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[
Nazirpur Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at Nazirpur, is the major government medical facility in the Tehatta I CD block. There are primary health centres at Kusthia (with 6 beds) and Shyamnagar (with 10 beds).
Tehatta I CD Block is one of the areas of Nadia district where ground water is affected by high level of arsenic contamination. The ]WHO
Who or WHO may refer to:
* Who (pronoun), an interrogative or relative pronoun
* Who?, one of the Five Ws in journalism
* World Health Organization
Arts and entertainment Fictional characters
* Who, a creature in the Dr. Seuss book '' Horton He ...
guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All the 17 blocks of Nadia district have arsenic contamination above this level. The maximum concentration in Tehatta I CD Block is 3,200 mg/litre.
References
{{Nadia topics
Community development blocks in Nadia district