Tarantino

Quentin Jerome Tarantino (; born March 27, 1963) is an American film director, writer, producer, and actor. His films are characterized by stylized violence, extended dialogue, profanity, dark humor, non-linear storylines, cameos, ensemble casts, and references to popular culture. Other directorial tropes associated with Tarantino include the use of songs from the 1960s and 70s, fictional brand parodies, and the prominent framing of women's bare feet.

Tarantino began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of the crime film '' Reservoir Dogs'' in 1992. His second film, '' Pulp Fiction'' (1994), a dark comedy crime thriller, was a major success with critics and audiences winning numerous awards, including the Palme d'Or and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. In 1996, he appeared in ''From Dusk till Dawn'', also writing the screenplay. Tarantino's third film, '' Jackie Brown'' (1997), paid homage to blaxploitation films.

In 2003, Tarantino directed '' Kill Bill: Volume 1'', inspired by the traditions of martial arts films; it was followed by ''Volume 2'' in 2004. He then made the exploitation slasher '' Death Proof'' (2007), part of a double feature with Robert Rodriguez, released under the collective title ''Grindhouse (film), Grindhouse''. His next film ''Inglourious Basterds'' (2009) told an alternate history with the war film genre. He followed this with ''Django Unchained'' (2012), a Slavery in the United States, slave revenge Spaghetti Western, which won him his second Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Tarantino's eighth film, ''The Hateful Eight'' (2015), was a revisionist Western thriller and opened to audiences with a Roadshow theatrical release, roadshow release. His most recent film, ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' (2019), is a comedy drama set in the late 1960s about the transition of Classical Hollywood cinema, Old Hollywood to New Hollywood. A Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (novel), novelization of the film was also published in 2021, becoming his debut novel.

Tarantino's work has been subject to controversy, such as the depictions of violence, frequent inclusion of racial slurs and the alleged negligence of safety in his handling of stunt scenes on ''Kill Bill: Volume 2''. During his career, Tarantino's films have garnered a cult following, as well as critical and commercial success. He has been considered "the single most influential director of his generation", and listed as one of the most influential people in the world. Apart from receiving the Palme d'Or and two Academy Awards, his other major awards include two BAFTA Awards, BAFTAs and four Golden Globe Awards, Golden Globes.

Early life

Tarantino was born on March 27, 1963, in Knoxville, Tennessee, the only child of Connie McHugh and aspiring actor Tony Tarantino, who left the family before his son's birth. He is of Irish people, Irish ancestry through his mother, though he claims she is half-Cherokee people, Cherokee; his father is of Italians, Italian descent. He was named in part after Quint Asper, Burt Reynolds's character in the TV series ''Gunsmoke''. Tarantino's mother met his father during a trip to Los Angeles. After a brief marriage and divorce, Connie left Los Angeles and moved to Knoxville, where her parents lived. In 1966, Tarantino returned with his mother to Los Angeles.

Tarantino's mother married musician Curtis Zastoupil soon after arriving in Los Angeles, and the family moved to Torrance, California, Torrance, a city in Los Angeles County's South Bay, Los Angeles, South Bay area. Zastoupil accompanied Tarantino to numerous film screenings while his mother allowed him to see more mature movies, such as ''Carnal Knowledge (film), Carnal Knowledge'' (1971) and ''Deliverance'' (1972). After his mother divorced Zastoupil in 1973, and received a misdiagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma, Tarantino was sent to live with his grandparents in Tennessee. He remained there less than a year before returning to California.

At 14 years old, Tarantino wrote one of his earliest works, a screenplay called ''Captain Peachfuzz and the Anchovy Bandit'', based on the 1977 film ''Smokey and the Bandit''. Tarantino later revealed that his mother had ridiculed his writing skills when he was younger; as a result, he vowed that he would never share his wealth with her. As a 15 year-old, Tarantino was grounded by his mother for shoplifting Elmore Leonard's novel ''Life of Crime (film), The Switch'' from Kmart (United States), Kmart. He was allowed to leave only to attend the Torrance Community Theater, where he participated in such plays as ''Two Plus Two Makes Sex'' and ''Romeo and Juliet''. The same year, he dropped out of Narbonne High School in Harbor City, Los Angeles.

Career

1980s: Early jobs and screenplays

Through the 1980s, Tarantino had a number of jobs. After lying about his age, he worked as an Usher (occupation), usher at an adult movie theater in Torrance, called the Pussycat Theater. He spent time as a recruiter in the aerospace manufacturer, aerospace industry, and for five years he worked at Video Archives, a video store in Manhattan Beach, California. He was well known in the local community for his film knowledge and video recommendations; Tarantino stated, "When people ask me if I went to film school, I tell them, 'No, I went to films." In 1986, Tarantino was employed in his first Hollywood job, working with Video Archives colleague Roger Avary, as production assistants on Dolph Lundgren's exercise video, ''Maximum Potential''.

Before working at Video Archives, Tarantino co-wrote ''Love Birds In Bondage'' with Scott Magill. Tarantino would go on to produce and direct the short film. Magill committed suicide in 1987, but not before destroying all footage that had been shot. Later, Tarantino attended acting classes at the James Best Theatre Company, where he met several of his eventual collaborators for his next film. In 1987, Tarantino co-wrote and directed, ''My Best Friend's Birthday'' (1987). It was left uncompleted, but some of its dialogue was included in ''True Romance''.

The following year, he played an Elvis impersonator in "Sophia's Wedding: Part 1", an episode in the The Golden Girls (season 4), fourth season of ''The Golden Girls'', which was broadcast on November 19, 1988. Tarantino recalled that the pay he received for the part helped support him during the preproduction of '' Reservoir Dogs''; he estimated he was initially paid about $650, however the episode was frequently rerun because it was on a "best of..." lineup, therefore received about $3,000 in Residual (entertainment industry), residuals over three years.

1990s: Breakthrough

After meeting Lawrence Bender at a friend's barbecue, Tarantino discussed with him about an unwritten dialogue-driven heist film. Bender encouraged Tarantino to write the screenplay, which he wrote in three-and-a-half weeks and presented to Bender unformatted. Impressed with the script, Bender managed to forward it through contacts to director Monte Hellman. Hellman cleaned up the screenplay and helped secure funding from Richard N. Gladstein at Live Entertainment (which later became Artisan, now known as Lionsgate). Harvey Keitel read the script and also contributed to the budget, taking a role as co-producer and also playing a major part in the picture. In January 1992, it was released as Tarantino's crime thriller '' Reservoir Dogs''—which he wrote, directed, and acted in as Mr. Brown—and screened at the Sundance Film Festival. The film was an immediate hit, receiving a positive response from critics.

Tarantino's screenplay ''True Romance'' was option (filmmaking), optioned and the film was eventually released in 1993. The Quentin Tarantino's unrealized projects#Tarantino's Natural Born Killers, second script that Tarantino sold was for the film ''Natural Born Killers'', which was revised by Dave Veloz, Richard Rutowski and director Oliver Stone. Tarantino was given story credit and stated in an interview that he wished the film well, but later disowned the final film. Tarantino also did an uncredited rewrite on ''It's Pat'' (1994). Other films where he was an uncredited screenwriter include ''Crimson Tide (film), Crimson Tide'' (1995) and ''The Rock (film), The Rock'' (1996).

Following the success of ''Reservoir Dogs'', Tarantino was approached by major film studios and offered projects that included ''Speed (1994 film), Speed'' (1994) and ''Men in Black (1997 film), Men in Black'' (1997), but he instead retreated to Amsterdam to work on his script for ''Pulp Fiction''.

Tarantino wrote, directed, and acted in the dark comedy crime film '' Pulp Fiction'' in 1994, maintaining the violence in art, stylized violence from his earlier film and also Nonlinear narrative, non-linear storylines. Tarantino received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, which he shared with Roger Avary, who contributed to the story. He also received a nomination in the Academy Award for Best Director, Best Director category. The film received another five nominations, including for Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Picture. Tarantino also won the Palme d'Or for the film at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. The film grossed over $200 million and earned positive reviews.

In 1995, Tarantino participated in the anthology film ''Four Rooms'', a collaboration that also included directors Robert Rodriguez, Allison Anders and Alexandre Rockwell. Tarantino directed and acted in the fourth segment of "The Man from Hollywood", a tribute to the ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' episode "Man from the South". He joined Rodriguez again later in the year with a supporting role in ''Desperado (film), Desperado''. One of Tarantino's first paid writing assignments was for ''From Dusk till Dawn'', which Rodriguez directed later in 1996, re-teaming with Tarantino in another acting role, alongside Harvey Keitel, George Clooney and Juliette Lewis.

His third feature film was '' Jackie Brown'' (1997), an adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel ''Rum Punch''. An homage to blaxploitation films, it starred Pam Grier, who starred in many of the films of that genre in the 1970s. It received positive reviews and was called a "comeback" for Grier and co-star Robert Forster. Leonard considered ''Jackie Brown'' to be his favorite of the 26 different screen adaptations of his novels and short stories.

In the 1990s, Tarantino had a number of other minor acting roles, including in ''Eddie Presley'' (1992), ''The Coriolis Effect (film), The Coriolis Effect'' (1994), ''Sleep with Me, Sleep With Me'' (1994), ''Somebody to Love (1994 film), Somebody to Love'' (1994), ''All-American Girl (TV series), All-American Girl'' (1995), ''Destiny Turns on the Radio'' (1995), and ''Girl 6'' (1996). Also in 1996, he starred in ''Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair'', a simulation video game that uses pre-generated film clips. In 1998, Tarantino made his major Broadway theatre, Broadway stage debut as an amoral psycho killer in a revival of the 1966 play ''Wait Until Dark'', which received unfavorable reviews for his performance from critics.

2000s: Subsequent success

Tarantino went on to write and direct ''Kill Bill: Volume 1, Kill Bill'', a highly stylized "revenge flick" in the cinematic traditions of Wuxia, Chinese martial arts films, Jidaigeki, Japanese period dramas, Spaghetti Westerns, and poliziotteschi, Italian horror. It was based on a character called The Bride (Kill Bill), The Bride and a plot that he and ''Kill Bill''s lead actress Uma Thurman had developed during the making of ''Pulp Fiction''. It was originally set for a single theatrical release, but its four-hour running time prompted Tarantino to divide it into two movies. Tarantino says he still considers it a single film in his overall filmography. ''Kill Bill: Volume 1, Volume 1'' was released in 2003 and ''Volume 2'' was released in 2004.

From 2002 to 2004, Tarantino portrayed villain McKenas Cole in the American Broadcasting Company, ABC television series ''Alias (TV series), Alias''. In 2004, Tarantino attended the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where he served as President of the Jury. Also ''Volume 2'' of ''Kill Bill'' had a screening, but was not in competition.

Tarantino then contributed to Robert Rodriguez's 2005 neo-noir film ''Sin City (film), Sin City'', and was credited as "Special Guest Director" for his work directing the car sequence featuring Clive Owen and Benicio del Toro. In May 2005, Tarantino co-wrote and directed "Grave Danger", the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 5), fifth season finale of ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''. For this episode, Tarantino was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series at the 57th Primetime Emmy Awards.

In 2007, Tarantino directed the exploitation slasher film '' Death Proof''. Released as a take on 1970s double features, under the banner ''Grindhouse (film), Grindhouse'', it was co-directed with Rodriguez who did the other feature which was the body horror film ''Planet Terror''. Box-office sales were low but the film garnered mostly positive reviews.

Tarantino's film ''Inglourious Basterds'', released in 2009, is the story of a group of Jewish-American guerrilla soldiers in Nazism, Nazi-occupied France in an alternate history of World War II. He had planned to start work on the film after ''Jackie Brown'' but postponed this to make ''Kill Bill'' after a meeting with Uma Thurman. Filming began on "''Inglorious Bastards''", as it was provisionally titled, in October 2008. The film opened in August 2009 to positive reviews with the highest box office gross in the US and Canada for the weekend on release. For the film, Tarantino received his second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

2010s and 2020s: Established auteur

In 2011, production began on ''Django Unchained'', a film about the revenge of a former slave in the Southern United States in 1858. The film stemmed from Tarantino's desire to produce a Spaghetti Western set in America's Deep South during the Antebellum South, Antebellum Period. Tarantino called the proposed style "a southern", stating that he wanted "to do movies that deal with America's horrible past with slavery and stuff but do them like spaghetti westerns, not like big issue movies. I want to do them like they're genre films, but they deal with everything that America has never dealt with because it's ashamed of it, and other countries don't really deal with because they don't feel they have the right to". It was released in December 2012 and became his highest grossing film to date. He also received his second Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

In November 2013, Tarantino said he was working on a new film and that it would be another Western, though not a sequel to ''Django Unchained''. On January 11, 2014, it was revealed that the film would be titled ''The Hateful Eight''. The script was then leaked in January 2014. Aggrieved by the breach of confidence, Tarantino considered abandoning the production which was due to start the next winter and publish it as a novel instead. He stated that he had given the script to a few trusted colleagues, including Bruce Dern, Tim Roth and Michael Madsen.
On April 19, 2014, Tarantino directed a live reading of the leaked script at the United Artists Theater in the Ace Hotel Los Angeles for the ''Live Read'' series. Tarantino explained that they would read the first draft of the script, and added that he was writing two new drafts with a different ending. Filming went ahead as planned with the new draft in January 2015. ''The Hateful Eight'' was released on December 25, 2015, as a Roadshow theatrical release, roadshow presentation in 70 mm film-format theaters, before being released in digital theaters on December 30, 2015. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics.

In July 2017, it was reported that Tarantino's next project would be a film about the Manson Family murders. In February 2018, it was announced that the film's title would be ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood,'' and that Leonardo DiCaprio would play Rick Dalton, a fictional star of television Westerns, with Brad Pitt as Dalton's longtime stunt double Cliff Booth; Margot Robbie would be playing real life actress Sharon Tate, portrayed as Dalton's next-door neighbor. Filming took place in the summer of 2018. In wake of the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations, Tarantino severed ties to The Weinstein Company and Miramax and sought a new distributor after working with Weinstein for his entire career. The film officially premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, where it was in competition for the Palme d'Or. Sony Pictures eventually distributed the film, which was theatrically released in July 2019.

In November 2022, Tarantino revealed plans to shoot an eight-episode television series in 2023. No further details were provided.

As a producer

Tarantino has used his Hollywood power to give smaller and foreign films more attention. These films are often labeled "Presented by Quentin Tarantino" or "Quentin Tarantino Presents". In 1995, Tarantino formed Rolling Thunder Pictures with Miramax to release or re-release several independent and foreign features. By 1997, Miramax had shut down the company due to poor sales. The following films were released by Rolling Thunder Pictures: ''Chungking Express'' (1994, dir. Wong Kar-wai), ''Switchblade Sisters'' (1975, dir. Jack Hill), ''Sonatine (1993 film), Sonatine'' (1993, dir. Takeshi Kitano), ''Hard Core Logo'' (1996, dir. Bruce McDonald (director), Bruce McDonald), ''The Mighty Peking Man'' (1977, dir. Ho Meng Hua), ''Detroit 9000'' (1973, dir. Arthur Marks), ''The Beyond (1981 film), The Beyond'' (1981, dir. Lucio Fulci), and ''Curdled (film), Curdled'' (1996, dir. Reb Braddock).

In 2001, he produced the US release of the Hong Kong martial arts film ''Iron Monkey (1993 film), Iron Monkey'', which made over $14 million worldwide. In 2004, he brought the Chinese martial arts film ''Hero (2002 film), Hero'' to the US. It opened at number-one at the box office and eventually earning $53.5 million.

While Tarantino was in negotiations with Lucy Liu for ''Kill Bill: Volume 1, Kill Bill'', the two helped produce the Cinema of Hungary, Hungarian sports documentary ''Freedom's Fury'', which was released in 2006. When he was approached about a documentary about the Blood in the Water match, Tarantino said "This is the best story I've ever been told. I'd love to be involved".

In 2006, another "Quentin Tarantino presents" production, ''Hostel (2005 film), Hostel'', opened at number-one at the box office with a $20.1 million opening weekend. He presented 2006's ''Tom-Yum-Goong, The Protector'', and is a producer of the 2007 film ''Hostel: Part II''. In 2008, he produced the Larry Bishop-helmed ''Hell Ride'', a revenge biker film.

As a film exhibitor

In February 2010, Tarantino bought the New Beverly Cinema in Los Angeles. Tarantino allowed the previous owners to continue operating the theater, but stated he would make occasional programming suggestions. He was quoted as saying: "As long as I'm alive, and as long as I'm rich, the New Beverly will be there, showing films shot on 35 mm." Starting in 2014, Tarantino took a more active role in programming film screenings at the New Beverly, showing his own films as well as prints from his personal collection. In 2021, Tarantino announced that he had also purchased the Vista Theatre (Los Angeles), Vista Theatre in Los Angeles, stating that he intends to keep it a first-run theatre, and that like The New Beverly it will only show movies on film.

Film criticism

In June 2020 Tarantino became an officially recognized critic on the review aggregator, review aggregation website, Rotten Tomatoes. His reviews are part of the "Tomatometer" rating.

Tarantino reappraises films that go against the views of mainstream film criticism, for example, he considers the 1983 film ''Psycho II (film), Psycho II'' to be superior to the original 1960 film ''Psycho (1960 film), Psycho''. He is also among a few notable directors, including Martin Scorsese and Edgar Wright, who appreciate Elaine May's 1987 film ''Ishtar (film), Ishtar'', despite its reputation as being a List of biggest box-office bombs, notorious box-office flop and List of films considered the worst, one of the worst films ever made.

Tarantino praised Mel Gibson's 2006 film ''Apocalypto'', saying, "I think it's a masterpiece. It was perhaps the best film of that year." In 2009, he named Kinji Fukasaku's violent action film ''Battle Royale (film), Battle Royale'' as his favorite film released since he became a director in 1992. In 2020, Tarantino named David Fincher's film ''The Social Network'' his favorite movie of the 2010s.

In August 2022, Tarantino stated that Steven Spielberg's ''Jaws (film), Jaws'' is "the greatest movie of all time. Maybe not the best film, but the best movie ever made". The director continued his praise for Spielberg, "I think my favourite Spielberg-directed movie, again with ''Jaws'' carved out on its own Mount Rushmore, is ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''", because “He [Spielberg] pushes the envelope, he creates PG-13; a movie so fucking badass it created a new level in the MPAA.” He also views favorably the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise, asserting that he found ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull'' more enjoyable when compared to ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade''.

Books

In 2020, Tarantino signed a two-book deal with HarperCollins.'''' He published his first novel in June 2021, a novelization of Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (novel), ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood''. It received positive reviews from ''The New York Times'' and ''The Guardian''. The second book he published under the deal titled ''Cinema Speculation'', about films of the New Hollywood era, was inspired by film critic Pauline Kael and published on November 1, 2022.

Podcast

In June 2021, Tarantino announced plans to start a podcast with Roger Avary. The podcast is named after Video Archives, a video rental store that both directors had worked at prior to their film careers, and will feature the directors, and a guest, examining a film which could have been offered for rental at the store. The podcast premiered on July 18, 2022.

Unproduced films

A number of film projects have been considered by Tarantino throughout his career. They have included comic book adaptations (Green Lantern, Iron Man, Luke Cage, Silver Surfer), sequels (''Kill Bill:Volume 3''), spin-offs of previous works (''The Vega Brothers''), crossovers of his own work with other genres (''Django/Zorro''), literary adaptations of well-known authors (Len Deighton, Bret Easton Ellis), and campaigning to direct in major film franchises (Quentin Tarantino's unrealized projects#Casino Royale, ''James Bond'' and Quentin Tarantino's unrealized projects#Star Trek, ''Star Trek''). Most of the projects he has discussed have been speculative, but none of them have been accomplished. In November 2014, Tarantino said he would retire from films after directing his tenth film.

Final tenth film

In 2009, Tarantino said that he plans to retire from filmmaking when he is 60, in order to focus on writing novels and film literature. He is skeptical of the film industry going digital, saying, "If it actually gets to the place where you can't show 35 mm movie film, 35 mm film in theaters anymore and everything is digital projection, I won't even make it to 60." He has also stated that he has a plan, although "not etched in stone", to retire after making his tenth movie: "If I get to the 10th, do a good job and don't screw it up, well that sounds like a good way to end the old career."

Influences and style of filmmaking

Early influences

In the 2012 ''Sight & Sound'' directors' poll, Tarantino listed his top 12 films: ''Apocalypse Now'', ''The Bad News Bears'', ''Carrie (1976 film), Carrie'', ''Dazed and Confused (film), Dazed and Confused'', ''The Great Escape (film), The Great Escape'', ''His Girl Friday'', ''Jaws (film), Jaws'', ''Pretty Maids All in a Row'', ''Rolling Thunder (film), Rolling Thunder'', ''Sorcerer (film), Sorcerer'', ''Taxi Driver'' and ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly''.

Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Western films were a profound influence including ''Once Upon a Time in the West''. He is an admirer of the 1981 film ''Blow Out'', directed by Brian De Palma, which led to his casting of John Travolta in ''Pulp Fiction''. Similarly, Tarantino was captivated with Jim McBride's 1983 remake of ''Breathless (1983 film), Breathless'' and with Richard Gere's unlikable but charismatic protagonist. The film's popular culture references, in particular the comic book Silver Surfer, inspired him to have the character's poster on Reservoir Dogs#Cast, Mr. Orange’s apartment wall in ''Reservoir Dogs''. Tarantino has also labeled ''Rio Bravo (film), Rio Bravo'' as one of his influences. He listed the Australian suspense film ''Roadgames'' (1981) as another favorite film.

Other films he cited as formative influences include Hong Kong martial arts films (such as ''Five Fingers of Death'' and ''Enter the Dragon''), John Woo action films (''A Better Tomorrow II'' and The Killer (1989 film), ''The Killer''), John Carpenter films (Assault on Precinct 13 (1976 film), ''Assault on Precinct 13'' and The Thing (1982 film), ''The Thing''), blaxploitation films (including ''The Mack'' and ''Foxy Brown (film), Foxy Brown''), Jean-Luc Godard films (Bande à part (film), ''Bande à Part'' and the 1960 version of Breathless (1960 film), ''Breathless''), and Sonny Chiba's work (''The Street Fighter'' and Shadow Warriors (TV series), ''Shadow Warriors'').

In August 2007, while teaching in a four-hour film course during the Cinemanila International Film Festival#2007, 9th Cinemanila International Film Festival in Manila, Tarantino cited Philippines, Filipino directors Cirio H. Santiago, Eddie Romero and Gerardo de León as personal icons from the 1970s. He referred to De Leon's "soul-shattering, life-extinguishing" movies on vampires and female bondage, citing in particular ''Women in Cages''; "It is just harsh, harsh, harsh", he said, and described the final shot as one of "devastating despair". Upon his arrival in the Philippines, Tarantino was quoted in the local newspaper as saying, "I'm a big fan of RP [Republic of the Philippines] cinema."

Style

Tarantino's films often feature graphic violence, a tendency which has sometimes been criticized. ''Reservoir Dogs'' was initially denied United Kingdom certification because of his use of torture as entertainment. Tarantino has frequently defended his use of violence, saying that "violence is so good. It affects audiences in a big way". The number of expletives and deaths in Tarantino's films were measured by analytics website FiveThirtyEight. In the examples given by the site, "''Reservoir Dogs'' features 'just' 10 on-screen deaths, but 421 profanities. ''Django Unchained'', on the other hand, has 'just' 262 profanities but 47 deaths." He often blends aesthetic elements, in tribute to his favorite films and filmmakers. In ''Kill Bill'', he melds comic strip formulas and visuals within a live action film sequence, in some cases by the literal use of cartoon or anime images.

Tarantino has also occasionally used a nonlinear story structure in his films, most notably with ''Pulp Fiction.'' He has also used the style in ''Reservoir Dogs'', ''Kill Bill'', and ''The Hateful Eight''. Tarantino's script for ''True Romance'' was originally told in a nonlinear style, before director Tony Scott decided to use a more linear approach. Critics have since referred to the use of this shifting timeline in films as the "Tarantino Effect". Actor Steve Buscemi has described Tarantino's novel style of filmmaking as "bursting with energy" and "focused". According to Tarantino, a hallmark of all his movies is that there is a different sense of humor in each one, which prompts the viewer to laugh at scenes that are not funny. However, he insists that his films are dramas, not comedies.

Tarantino's use of dialogue is noted for its mundane conversations with popular culture references. For example, when Jules and Vincent in ''Pulp Fiction'' are driving to a Contract killing, hit, they talk about Vincent’s trip to Europe, discussing the differences in countries such as a McDonald's "Quarter Pounder with Cheese" being called a "Royale with Cheese" in France because of the metric system. In the opening scene to ''Reservoir Dogs'', Mr. Brown (played by Tarantino) interprets the meaning of Madonna’s song "Like a Virgin (song), Like a Virgin". In ''Jackie Brown'', Jackie and Max chat over a cup of coffee while listening to a Phonograph record, vinyl record by the Delfonics' "Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)".

He also creates his own products and brands that he uses in his films to varying degrees. His own fictional brands, including "Rolling Thunder (film), Acuña Boys Tex-Mex Food", "Big Kahuna Burger", "G.O. Juice", "Jack Rabbit Slim's", "K-Billy", "Red Apple cigarettes", "Tenku Brand Beer" and "Teriyaki Donut", replace the use of product placement, sometimes to a humorous extent. Tarantino is also known for his choice of music in his films, including soundtracks that often use songs from the 1960s and 70s. In 2011, he was recognized at the 16th Critics' Choice Awards with the inaugural Music+Film Award.

A recurring image in his films are scenes where women's bare feet feature prominently. When asked about foot fetishism, Tarantino responded, "I don't take it seriously. There's a lot of feet in a lot of good directors' movies. That's just good direction. Like, before me, the person foot fetishism was defined by was Luis Buñuel, another film director. And Alfred Hitchcock, [Alfred] Hitchcock was accused of it and Sofia Coppola has been accused of it."

Tarantino has stated in many interviews that his writing process is like writing a novel before formatting it into a script, saying that this creates the blueprint of the film and makes the film feel like literature. About his writing process he told website The Talks, "[My] head is a sponge. I listen to what everyone says, I watch little idiosyncratic behavior, people tell me a joke and I remember it. People tell me an interesting story in their life and I remember it. ... when I go and write my new characters, my pen is like an antenna, it gets that information, and all of a sudden these characters come out more or less fully formed. I don't write their dialogue, I get them talking to each other."

Appraisals

During his career, Tarantino's films have garnered a cult following, as well as critical and commercial success. In 2005, he was included on the annual Time 100, ''Time'' 100 list of the most influential people in the world. Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him "the single most influential director of his generation". Tarantino has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.

In 2013, a survey of seven academics was carried out to discover which filmmakers had been referenced the most in essays and dissertations on film that had been marked in the previous five years. It revealed that Tarantino was the most-studied director in the United Kingdom, ahead of Alfred Hitchcock, Christopher Nolan, Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg.

Controversies

Gun violence

Tarantino has said that he does not believe that violence in film inspires real acts of violence. After the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, NRA Chief Executive Wayne LaPierre accused him of being insensitive to the event. In an interview with Terry Gross, Tarantino expressed "annoyance" at the suggestion that there is a link between the two, saying, "I think it's disrespectful to [the] memory of those who died to talk about movies ... Obviously the issue is gun control and mental health." Soon after, in response to a Hollywood PSA video titled "Demand a Plan", which featured celebrities rallying for gun control legislation, a pro-gun group used scenes from Tarantino's film ''Django Unchained'' to label celebrities as "hypocrites" for appearing in violent movies.

Racial slurs in films

In 1997, Spike Lee questioned Tarantino's use of racial slurs in his films, especially the word "nigger", particularly in ''Pulp Fiction'' and ''Jackie Brown''. In a ''Variety (magazine), Variety'' interview discussing ''Jackie Brown'', Lee said, "I'm not against the word ... And some people speak that way, but Quentin is infatuated with that word... I want Quentin to know that all African Americans do not think that word is trendy or slick." Tarantino responded on ''Charlie Rose (talk show), The Charlie Rose Show'':

Tarantino said on ''The Howard Stern Show'' that Lee would have to "stand on a chair to kiss [his] ass". Samuel L. Jackson, who has appeared in both directors' films, defended Tarantino. At the Berlin International Film Festival, Berlin Film Festival, where ''Jackie Brown'' was screened, Jackson said: "I don't think the word is offensive in the context of this film ... Black artists think they are the only ones allowed to use the word. Well, that's bull. ''Jackie Brown'' is a wonderful homage to Blaxploitation, black exploitation films. This is a good film, and Spike hasn't made one of those in a few years." Tarantino argued that black audiences appreciated his blaxploitation-influenced films more than some of his critics, and that ''Jackie Brown'' was primarily made for black audiences.

''Django Unchained'' was the subject of controversy because of its use of racial slurs and depiction of slavery. Reviewers defended the use of the language by pointing out the historic context of race and slavery in America. Lee, in an interview with ''Vibe (magazine), Vibe'', said that he would not see the film: "All I'm going to say is that it's disrespectful to my ancestors. That's just me ... I'm not speaking on behalf of anybody else." Lee later tweeted: "American slavery was not a Sergio Leone spaghetti western. It was a holocaust. My ancestors are slaves. Stolen from Africa. I will honor them."

''Kill Bill'' car crash

Uma Thurman was in a serious car crash on the set of ''Kill Bill'' because Tarantino had insisted she perform her own driving stunts. Tarantino said he did not force her to do the stunt. Although Thurman said the incident was "negligent to the point of criminality", she did not believe Tarantino had malicious intent.

Roman Polanski

In a 2003 Howard Stern interview, Tarantino defended the director Roman Polanski against charges that Polanski had raped then-13-year-old Samantha Geimer in 1977. He said that Polanski's actions were "not rape" and Geimer "...wanted to have it". The interview resurfaced in 2018 and drew criticism, including from Geimer, who stated in an interview, "He was wrong. I bet he knows it... I hope he doesn't make an ass of himself and keep talking that way." Within days of the interview resurfacing, Tarantino issued an apology, stating "Fifteen years later, I realize how wrong I was... I incorrectly played Devil's advocate, devil’s advocate in the debate for the sake of being provocative."

Anti-police brutality rally

In October 2015, Tarantino attended a rally held in New York protesting police brutality. The event aimed to call attention to "police brutality and its victims". At the event Tarantino made a speech, "I'm a human being with a conscience ... And when I see murder I cannot stand by. And I have to call the murdered the murdered and I have to call the murderers the murderers."

As a response to Tarantino's comments police unions across the United States called for a boycott of his upcoming film at the time, ''The Hateful Eight''. Patrick Lynch (police officer), Patrick J. Lynch, union president of the Police Benevolent Association of the City of New York, said, "It's no surprise that someone who makes a living glorifying crime and violence is a cop-hater, too. The police officers that Quentin Tarantino calls 'murderers' aren't living in one of his depraved big screen fantasies — they're risking and sometimes sacrificing their lives to protect communities from real crime and mayhem." The Los Angeles Police Department Chief Charlie Beck said Tarantino "doesn't understand the nature of the violence. Mr. Tarantino lives in a fantasy world. That’s how he makes his living. His movies are extremely violent, but he doesn't understand violence. … Unfortunately, he mistakes lawful use of force for murder, and it's not."

Tarantino's response to the controversy was, "All cops are not murderers ... I never said that. I never even implied that." In an MSNBC interview with Chris Hayes, he said, "Just because I was at an anti-police brutality protest doesn’t mean I'm anti-police." He clarified his protest comments, "We were at a rally where unarmed people – mostly black and brown – who have been shot and killed or beaten or strangled by the police, and I was obviously referring to the people in those types of situations. I was referring to Killing of Eric Garner, Eric Garner, I was referring to Killing of Samuel DuBose, Sam DuBose, I was referring to Antonio Guzman Lopez, I was referring to Killing of Tamir Rice, Tamir Rice ... In those cases in particular that we're talking about, I actually do believe that they were murder."

Harvey Weinstein

On October 18, 2017, Tarantino gave an interview discussing sexual harassment and assault allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein. Tarantino said his then girlfriend Mira Sorvino told him in the mid-1990s about her experience with Weinstein. Tarantino confronted Weinstein at the time and received an apology. Tarantino said: "What I did was marginalize the incidents. I knew enough to do more than I did."

On February 3, 2018, in an interview with ''The New York Times'', the ''Pulp Fiction'' and ''Kill Bill'' actress Uma Thurman said Weinstein had sexually assaulted her, and that she had reported this to Tarantino. Tarantino said he confronted Weinstein, as he had previously when Weinstein made advances on his former partner, demanding he apologize. He banned him from contact with Thurman for the rest of the production. In a June 2021 interview on the ''The Joe Rogan Experience, Joe Rogan Experience'' podcast, Tarantino said he regretted not pressing Weinstein further, saying he did not know the extent of his misconduct before the 2017 scandal. He remarked on his "sad" view of his past relationship with Weinstein, saying he once looked up to him for fostering his career and describing him as "a fucked up father figure".

Bruce Lee

In 2019, Shannon Lee, daughter of Bruce Lee, called his depiction in ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' disheartening and inaccurate. Tarantino said: "Bruce Lee was kind of an arrogant guy. The way he was talking, I didn't just make a lot of that up." During that time, China put the release of the movie on halt, with sources claiming that Shannon Lee filed a complaint to China’s National Film Administration. Tarantino refused to recut the movie for the Chinese release.

History of altercations

Tarantino has a history of clashing with people in the entertainment industry and being difficult with journalists.

In 1993, Tarantino sold his script for ''Natural Born Killers'' which was rewritten, giving him only a story credit. He later disowned the film which caused Enemy, enmity; and the publication of a "unauthorized biography, tell-all" book titled ''Killer Instinct'' by Jane Hamsher—who with Don Murphy, had an original option on the screenplay and produced the film—calling Tarantino a "one-trick pony" and becoming "famous for being famous" led him to physically assault Murphy in the AGO restaurant in West Hollywood, California in October 1997. Murphy subsequently filed a $5 million lawsuit against Tarantino; the case ended with the judge ordering Tarantino to pay Murphy $450.

In 1994, Tarantino had an on-set feud with Denzel Washington during the filming of ''Crimson Tide'' over what was called "Tarantino's racist dialogue added to the script". A few years later Washington apologized to Tarantino saying he "buried that hatchet".

In 1997, during the Oscars, Tarantino was accompanying Mira Sorvino who had stopped to speak to ''MTV News'' host at the time Chris Connelly (journalist), Chris Connelly when he called her from the media scrum. Before she could talk to him Tarantino grabbed Sorvino telling her, "He's the editor of ''Premiere (magazine), Premiere'' and he did a story on my Dad," and pulled her away. Connelly, a former ''Premiere'' magazine editor-in-chief said, "No, I didn't." As they walked off, Tarantino gave the journalist the finger saying "Fuck you!" and spat at him. The article that angered Tarantino included a 1995 interview from a biography by Jami Bernard with his biological father Tony Tarantino, someone he had never met, which he considered "pretty tasteless".

In 2009, Tarantino was set to appear on the talk show ''Late Show with David Letterman'' to promote ''Inglourious Basterds''. A few years prior to this event, David Letterman had interviewed a former "unnamed" girlfriend of Tarantino on his show. Letterman joked about the relationship questioning why a "glorious movie star" would date a "little squirrelly guy". A couple of days later, Tarantino phoned Letterman screaming angrily, "I’m going to beat you to death! I’m going to kill you! I’m coming to New York, and I'm gonna beat the crap out of you! How can you say that about me?!" Letterman offered to pay for Tarantino's flight and let him choose the method of fighting, which Tarantino determined would be "Baseball bat, bats". However, Letterman never heard from Tarantino again, until years later, when he came on the show to promote the new film. The host approached Tarantino in the make-up room, just before the show went live, and demanded an apology. Tarantino was not forthcoming, but at his publicist’s urging, he begrudgingly conceded.

In 2013, during an interview with Krishnan Guru-Murthy on ''Channel 4 News'' while promoting ''Django Unchained'' in the UK, Tarantino reacted angrily when he was questioned about whether there was a link between movie violence and real-life violence. He informed Guru-Murthy that he was "shutting [his] butt down". Tarantino further defied the journalist, saying: "I refuse your question. I'm not your slave and you're not my master. You can't make me dance to your tune. I'm not a monkey."

In 2019, during the Cannes Film Festival, at the ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' press conference, a journalist asked why Margot Robbie had so few lines in the film. Tarantino snapped back, "Well, I just reject your hypothesis," giving no further comment.

Personal life

Relationships and marriage

In the early 1990s Tarantino dated comedians Margaret Cho and Kathy Griffin. From 1995 to 1998 he dated actress Mira Sorvino. He was her date at the 68th Academy Awards, 68th Oscars ceremony where she had won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In March 1998 they separated with Sorvino releasing a statement that "[They] still love each other very much" but had reached a "mutual" decision to go their separate ways." From 2003 to 2005, Tarantino was in a romantic relationship with filmmaker Sofia Coppola. The two have remained friends since their breakup.

On June 30, 2017, Tarantino became engaged to Israeli singer Daniella Pick, daughter of musician Zvika Pick. They met in 2009 when Tarantino was in Israel to promote ''Inglourious Basterds''. They married on November 28, 2018, in a Reform Judaism, Reform Jewish ceremony in their Beverly Hills Home. As of January 2020, they were splitting their time between the Ramat Aviv Gimel neighborhood of Tel Aviv, Israel and Los Angeles. On February 22, 2020, their son was born in Israel. Their second child, a girl, was born in July 2022.

Faith and religious views

As a youth, Tarantino attended an Evangelical church, describing himself as "baptized, born again and everything in between". Tarantino said this was an act of rebellion against his Catholic mother as she had encouraged what might usually be considered more conventional forms of rebellion, such as his interests in comic books and horror films. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Tarantino was evasive about his religious beliefs but said he believed in God, whom he credited with giving him his writing ability.

In the 2010s, Tarantino continued ascribing his talents to gifts from God but expressed uncertainty regarding God's existence. "I think I was born Catholic, but I was never practiced," said Tarantino. "As time has gone on, as I've become a man and made my way further as an adult, I'm not sure how much any of that I believe in. I don't really know if I believe in God, especially not in this Santa Claus character that people seemed to have conjured up." In June 2021, Tarantino said he was an atheist.

Filmography

Tarantino has stated that he plans to make a total of just ten films before retiring as a director, as a means of ensuring an overall high quality within his filmography. He believes "most directors have horrible last movies," that ending on a "decent movie is rare," and that ending on a "good movie is kind of phenomenal." Tarantino considers ''Kill Bill'', which was released in two parts, to be a single movie.

Bibliography

* ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (novel), Once Upon a Time in Hollywood: A Novel'' (2021)
* ''Cinema Speculation'' (2022)

Collaborators

Tarantino has built up an informal "repertory company" of actors who have appeared in many roles in his films. Most notable of these is Samuel L. Jackson, who has appeared in four films directed by Tarantino and a fifth written by him, ''True Romance''. Other frequent collaborators include Uma Thurman, who has been featured in three films and whom Tarantino has described as his "muse"; Zoë Bell, who has acted or performed stunts in seven Tarantino films; Michael Madsen, James Parks and Tim Roth, who respectively appear in five, four and three films. In addition, Roth appeared in ''Four Rooms'', an anthology film where Tarantino directed the final segment, and filmed a scene for ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' before it was cut for time. Other actors who have appeared in several films by Tarantino include Michael Bacall, Michael Bowen (actor), Michael Bowen, Bruce Dern, Harvey Keitel, Michael Parks, Kurt Russell, and Craig Stark, who have appeared in three films each. Leonardo DiCaprio and Brad Pitt have each appeared in two Tarantino films, the second of which, ''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'', they appear in together. Like Jackson, Pitt also appeared in the Tarantino-penned ''True Romance''. Christoph Waltz appeared in two Tarantino films, ''Inglourious Basterds'' and ''Django Unchained'', winning a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for each role. Waltz had been working as an actor since the 1970s in numerous German movies and TV shows but was a relative unknown in America when he was cast as Hans Landa in his first film for Tarantino.

Film editing, Editor Sally Menke, who worked on all Tarantino films until her death in 2010, was described by Tarantino in 2007 as "hands down my number one collaborator".

Awards and honors

Throughout his career, Tarantino and his films have frequently received nominations for major awards, including for Academy Awards, BAFTA Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Directors Guild of America Awards, and Saturn Awards. He has won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay twice, for ''Pulp Fiction'' and ''Django Unchained''. He has four times been nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, winning once for '' Pulp Fiction'' in 1994. In addition to his recognition for writing and directing films, Tarantino has received five Grammy Award nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.

In 2005, Tarantino was awarded the honorary Empire Special Honorary Awards#Icon of the Decade Award, Icon of the Decade at the 10th Empire Awards. He has earned lifetime achievement awards from two organizations in 2007, from Cinemanila International Film Festival, Cinemanila, and from the Rome Film Festival in 2012. In 2011, Tarantino was awarded the Honorary César by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma.

For his work of '' Pulp Fiction'', Tarantino became the first director to ever sweep "List of Big Four Critic's Award winners and nominees#Best Director, The Big Four" critics awards (Los Angeles Film Critics Association, LA, National Board of Review, NBR, New York Film Critics Circle, NY, National Society of Film Critics, NSFC) and the first of the five directors (Curtis Hanson, Steven Soderbergh, David Fincher, and Barry Jenkins) to do so.

See also

* Quentin Tarantino Film Festival, a film festival in Austin, Texas, United States, hosted by Tarantino
* ''QT8: The First Eight'', a 2019 documentary about Tarantino

References

Footnotes

Citations

Further reading

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* Levy, Emanuel. ''Cinema of Outsiders: The Rise of American Independent Film''. New York: NYU Press, 1999; 2001 paperback.
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External links

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