Tangerang, Indonesia

Tangerang (Sundanese: , ) is a city in the province of Banten, Indonesia. Located on the western border of Jakarta, it is the third largest urban centre in the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area after Jakarta and Bekasi; the sixth largest city proper in the nation; and the largest city in Banten province. It has an area of and an official 2010 Census population of 1,798,601, which had risen to 1,895,486 at the 2020 Census. – making it the eighth most populated suburb in the world at the latter date; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 1,911,914. It has not only functioned as a dormitory city, as there are many industrial areas such as Jatake, and several business districts, including CBD Alam Sutera in the area. Located just next to Jakarta on the west with many road access and improved infrastructure, such as new toll road, it is one of the favorite location for property seekers and investors in the Bodetabek area.

Tangerang, along with the neighbouring South Tangerang, is where many large-scale developers have created built-up areas such as BSD City, Gading Serpong, Alam Sutera, and Lippo Village, and now becoming the area's center of economy, business, commerce, and education.

Tangerang is also home for Soekarno–Hatta International Airport which serves the Jakarta metropolitan area and is Indonesia's main gateway. The city is an industrial and manufacturing hub on Java and is home to over 1,000 factories. Many international corporations have plants in the city. Tangerang tends to be hot and humid, with little in the way of trees or geographical features. Certain areas consist of swamps, including the areas near the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. It's also home to Indonesia Convention Exhibition (ICE) BSD City, Indonesia's largest convention and exhibition center located in BSD City.

In recent years the urban expansion of Jakarta has covered Tangerang. As the result, many of its residents commute to Jakarta for work or vice versa. Many high-class and middle-class satellite cities have been developed in Tangerang, complete with their own shopping malls, private schools and convenience centers. The government is working on expanding the toll road system to accommodate more traffic flow to and from the area.

Tangerang is the corporations' alternative to move or build their offices from Jakarta due to the heavy traffic and crowds, such as Unilever Indonesia, Kino Group, and Alfa Group.

History

Origins

In order to reveal the origin of Tangerang as a Fort City, a record concerning the struggle is needed. According to F. de Haan's writings taken from the VOC archives, the resolution of June 1, 1660 reports that the Banten Sultanate had created a large country located west of the Untung Jawa River, and to fill the new land the Sultan of Banten had displaced 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants.

In the Dag Register dated December 20, 1668, it was reported that the Sultan of Banten had appointed ''Raden Sena Pati'' and ''Kyai Demang'' as rulers in the new area. On suspicion of seizing the kingdom, Raden Sena Pati and Kyai Demang were sacked by the Sultan.

Instead, another Prince Dipati was appointed. For the dismissal, Ki Demang was hurt. Then his next action he pitted against Banten and the VOC. But he was killed in Kademangan.

The next VOC archive, namely the Dag Register dated March 4, 1680, explains that the ruler of Tangerang at that time was ''Kyai Dipati Soera Dielaga''. Kyai Soeradilaga and his son Subraja asked for the protection of the VOC, followed by 143 retinues and soldiers. He and his retinue were given a place on the east side of the river, bordering the VOC fence.When fighting with Banten, Soeradilaga and his war experts succeeded in repelling the Banten troops. For his services, he was then given the honorary title of Raden Aria Suryamanggala, while Prince Subraja was given the title of Kyai Dipati Soetadilaga.

Subsequently, ''Raden Aria Soetadilaga'' was appointed Regent of Tangerang I with an area covering the Angke River and Cisadane River. The title he uses is Aria Soetidilaga I. Then with an agreement signed on April 17, 1684, Tangerang became the territory of the VOC. Banten does not have the right to intervene in regulating governance in Tangerang.One of the articles of the agreement reads: And it must be known with certainty the extent to which the boundaries of the territory that have been understood since the past will still be determined, namely the area bounded by Tangerang from the Java Sea coast to the mountains to the South Sea. That all land along Tangerang will belong to or be occupied by the VOC.

With the agreement, the regent's territory expanded to the west of the Tangerang river. To monitor Tangerang, it was deemed necessary to add more guard posts along the Tangerang river border, because the Bantenese always attacked suddenly.According to a map made in 1692, the oldest post is located at the mouth of the Cisadane River, to the north of ''Kampung Baru''. However, when a new post was established, the location shifted to the south or to be precise at the mouth of the Tangerang River.According to the archives of ''Gewone Resolutie Van hat Casteel Batavia'', on April 3, 1705 there were plans to demolish the buildings in the post because they only had bamboo walls. Then the building was proposed to be replaced with a wall. Governor-General Zwaardeczon strongly agreed with the proposal, and was even instructed to build a wall fence around the buildings in the guard posts.This is so that the Bantenese cannot attack. The new fort that will be built for occupancy is planned to have a wall thickness of 20 feet or more. There will be placed 30 Europeans under the leadership of a Vandrig and 28 Makassarese who will live outside the fort. The basic material for the fort is bricks obtained from Tangerang Regent Aria Soetadilaga I.

After the fort was completed its personnel became 60 Europeans and 30 Blacks. What the black people said were Makassarese recruited as VOC soldiers. This fort later became the base of the VOC in the face of the rebellion from Banten.Then in 1801, it was decided to repair and strengthen the post or garrison, with a new building located 60 meters to the southeast, precisely located east of Jalan Besar PAL 17. Indigenous people at that time were more familiar with this building as "Fortress". .Since then, Tangerang is known as the Citadel. This fort since 1812 has not been maintained anymore, even according to the "Superintendant of Public Building and Work" dated March 6, 1816 stated:

''"... The fort and barracks in Tangerang are now neglected, no one wants to see them anymore. Many doors and windows were broken and people even took it for their own sake."''

Indonesian revolution

In October 1945, , a Muslim militia, was established in Tangerang. The goal of this movement was to establish an Islamic nation in Indonesia. This movement later became a part of DI/TII rebel group. On 31 October 1945, kidnapped Otto Iskandardinata, the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of State. He was presumed to have been murdered at Mauk beach, Tangerang on 20 December 1945.

Recent history

Tangerang city was formed as an autonomous city on 27 February 1993 out of the Tangerang Regency. The city was previously an administrative city within that regency.

In 2007, the city government passed an anti-prostitution law which meant that women who are perceived to be dressed too provocatively may be arrested. Some news outlets reported that some women decided to wear the hijab to avoid being prosecuted under this law. In addition the city government began requiring municipal employees to abide by Islamic dress codes.

In 2021, a fire at Tangerang prison killed at least 41 inmates and injured 80 people.

Situ Gintung flood

Tangerang District is the location of the Situ Gintung reservoir built by the Dutch colonial authorities in 1933. It was surrounded by a dam up to 16 metres (52 ft) high, which failed on 27 March 2009 with the resulting floods killing at least 93 people.

Geography

Tangerang City is located in the northwest region of Banten Province and is on the north side of Java Island. Astronomically, the city is located 106°33'–106°44' east longitude and 6°05'–6°15 south latitude. Tangerang City has an area of ±153.9 km².
The city is bordered by Tangerang Regency to the west and north, South Tangerang to the south, and Jakarta to the east.
Cisadane River that crosses Tangerang City.

Tangerang City is crossed by one of the largest rivers in the west of Java, namely the Cisadane River. This river is an inseparable part of the identity of the City of Tangerang. The headwaters of this river are located on the slopes of Mount Salak and Mount Pangrango, Bogor

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