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Tando Allahyar ( sd, ٽنڊوالهيار, ur, ) is a city and capital of Tando Allahyar District located in
In 1933, a
Sindh
Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...
, Pakistan. It is the 56th largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
History
Tando Allahyar was founded during the rule of Talpur, of theMir
''Mir'' (russian: Мир, ; ) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. ''Mir'' was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to&n ...
clan. When Bachal Yousfani was mayor, inns and guest houses were built as well as colonies for residents and jobs were created.
Watayo Faqir's shrine
The shrine of the sindhioracle
An oracle is a person or agency considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. As such, it is a form of divination.
Description
The word '' ...
and that man was presented thinks his own wisdom Sufi poet
Sufi literature consists of works in various languages that express and advocate the ideas of Sufism.
Sufism had an important influence on medieval literature, especially poetry, that was written in Arabic, Persian, Turkic and Urdu. Sufi doctr ...
Watayo Faqir lies at Kuba Shareef near Rashidabad.
1709 fort construction
Tando Allahyar was founded in 1709 whenTalpur
Talpur (, bal, تالپورء اۏبادگ) is a Saraiki-speaking Baloch sub-clan of the Hoth tribe settled in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan in Pakistan. The tribe established the Talpur dynasty, which ruled between 1783 and 1843, while a bran ...
constructed a mud and clay fort
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
about from the present day Tando Allahyar town center. The fort was built to provide security for the Mir and the people of the area. It also functioned as a trading post
A trading post, trading station, or trading house, also known as a factory, is an establishment or settlement where goods and services could be traded.
Typically the location of the trading post would allow people from one geographic area to tr ...
. As the township developed around the fort, it was known as "Allahyar Jo Tando" (Allahyar's Town). The fort is now called "Kacho Qilo". Some walls decorated at the time of the Mir remain.
British rule
In 1906, during theBritish Raj
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...
, a railway station was established. It reflected the town's growing importance as a centre of agriculture and trade. The name of the town changed from "Allahyar Jo Tando" to "Tando Allahyar". The British Raj took the fort for its official use.
Canal
In 1933, a canal
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow un ...
was constructed. It further increased Tando Allahyar's importance in agriculture and trade.
Independence
Prior to 1947, the majority of inhabitants of Tando Allahyar wereHindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
. The temple of Baba Ramdevji Rama-Pir was a symbol of Hindu–Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
unity and peaceful co-existence. After independence
Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...
of Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
, many Hindu followers left. Nevertheless, the temple, located in the town centre, remains a popular destination for Hindu pilgrim
A pilgrim (from the Latin ''peregrinus'') is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on Pilgrimage, a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journey (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the a ...
s.
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League Muslim League may refer to:
Political parties Subcontinent
; British India
*All-India Muslim League, Mohammed Ali Jinah, led the demand for the partition of India resulting in the creation of Pakistan.
**Punjab Muslim League, a branch of the organ ...
and Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement ( ur, , translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān) was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India. It was connected to the pe ...
. After the independence
Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...
of Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
in 1947, the minority Hindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
s and Sikh
Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
s migrated to India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
while the Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
refugees from India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
settled in the Tando Allahyar District.
Ramapir Temple
The Rama Pir Mandir is a temple ofRamdev Pir
Baba Ramdev (or Ramdevji, or Ramdeo Pir, Ramsha Pir (1352–1385 AD; V.S. 1409–1442) is a Hindu deity of Gujarat and Rajasthan, India. He was a fourteenth-century ruler, said to have miraculous powers, who devoted his life uplifting the d ...
in Tando Allahyar. It is the second largest pilgrimage site for the Hindus in Pakistan. Every year in Bhadrapada month of Hindu calendar
The Hindu calendar, Panchanga () or Panjika is one of various lunisolar calendars that are traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with further regional variations for social and Hindu religious purposes. They adopt a s ...
, here the three days Mela arranged by Ramapir Seva Mandali.
Location
Tando Allahyar lies northeast ofHyderabad
Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...
, on the road between Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas
Mirpur Khas (Sindhi and ; ''meaning "Town of the most-high Mirs"'') is the capital city of the Mirpur Khas District and Mirpur Khas Division in the Sindh province, Pakistan. Mirpur Khas is the 16th largest city in Sindh province and the 80th ...
. Tando Allahyar is a railway hub for the Sindh region. Early in the nineteenth century, members of the Bozdar family, a community from the Suleiman Mountains, founded the settlements of Khan Muhammad Bozdar (a nearby village of 52 houses), Massu Bozdar, and Dhangano Bozdar.
Demography
Population
the population of Tando Allahyar and its immediate surroundings was 400,000. 30% of the population are Muslim immigrants from India who arrived afterindependence
Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the statu ...
of Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
in 1947. 70% are indigenous Sindhi inhabitants. There are a significant number of Urdu
Urdu (;"Urdu"
''
''
Baloch, Punjabi, and
Pashto
Pashto (,; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani ().
Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages ...
speaking people in Tando Allahyar.
Hindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
temples
* Shri Ramapir
* Rama Pir
Climate
Tando Allahyar is hot throughout the year. Nights often have cool breezes throughout the year.Agriculture
Tando Allahyar is one of Pakistan's richest agricultural regions. Cash crops likesugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
, wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...
, onion
An onion (''Allium cepa'' L., from Latin ''cepa'' meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ''Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion ...
and cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ...
are cultivated. Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree ''Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in South a ...
es and bananas are also grown. There are sugar mills and some cotton ginning factories.
Mohsin Rasheed Memon Mango Farm on Mir Wah road 3 km from the city centre is a major mango farm. It has Sindhri, dashari, langra, Anwer Ratol, Siroli and Patasha variety.
Religion
Tando Allahyar's population is predominantly Shia and Sunni Islam. There is also a small Hindu community that exists in the city that mainly engages in business and in rural areas Hindu communities engage in agriculture. There are a few shrines in the city in different areas like Bukera Sharif also there is a very old madrasa in the city with the name of Darul Uloom once called "Saniye Darul Uloom".Culture
Tando Allahyar has a rich traditional Sindhi culture. Women may wear a Shalwar Kameez but often wear the traditional dress, thegharara
A gharara (Urdu: , Hindi: ग़रारा, Bengali: ঘারারা) is a traditional Lucknowi outfit, traditionally worn by Muslim women of the Hindi-Urdu Belt region of India. It consists of a kurti (a short, mid-thigh length tunic), a ...
or "parro". Traditionally, many bangles are worn on the arms. Men wear a Shalwar Kameez distinguished by broader bottoms and a traditional Sindhi-style cap. The youth may appear in western styles.
Languages
Sindhi, Siraiki andUrdu
Urdu (;"Urdu"
''
''
Qaimkhani
Kayamkhani or Kaimkhani (also spelled kayam Khani and Kaim Khani) is a Muslim community of India who were notable for ruling the Fatehpur-Jhunjhunu region in Rajasthan from the 1300s to the 1700s.
History
They are said to be descended from Cha ...
Khanzada, dhatki, Marwari, Balochi Punjabi and Brahui as well some Dravidian languages
The Dravidian languages (or sometimes Dravidic) are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, mainly in southern India, north-east Sri Lanka, and south-west Pakistan. Since the colonial era, there have been small but significant ...
.
Architecture
Tando Allahyar is a bustling town with mango tree lined streets. Old buildings are topped by chimney-like air cooling devices that catch the breeze.Education
Rates of literacy are greater in the urban than the rural areas of Tando Allahyar. Tando Allahyar is a marginalised, lower-income area, with state involvement limited to constructing school buildings and providing teachers. Teachers receive little training and have tended to follow an old-fashioned, authoritarian model of teaching; Zahid Shahab Ahmed noted in 2017 that some teachers had expressed unfamiliarity with the concept of participatory classes where students were encouraged to develop independent critical-thinking ability. Education in Tando Allahyar is generally in