Tam Yiu-chung,
GBM,
JP (; born 15 December 1949) is a pro-Beijing politician in Hong Kong. He is a current member of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is the highest organ of state po ...
(NPCSC), former member of the
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong. It sits under China's " one country, two systems" constitutional arrangement, and is the power centre of Hong Kong ...
(LegCo) and former chairman of the pro-Beijing
(DAB).
A member of the traditional left-wing
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated ...
(FTU), Tam was a member of the
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC) was formed in June 1985 for the drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) after 1997. It was formed as a working group ...
(BLDC) and among the first elected members of the Legislative Council through the
Labour
Labour or labor may refer to:
* Childbirth, the delivery of a baby
* Labour (human activity), or work
** Manual labour, physical work
** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer
** Organized labour and the labour ...
functional constituency
A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China:
* Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
* Functional cons ...
in 1985. He was the founding vice-chairman of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong formed in 1992 and its party chairman from 2007 to 2015.
He was elected to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in
New Territories West
New Territories West (NTW) is the western part of Hong Kong's New Territories, covering Yuen Long, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan, Kwai Tsing and the Islands District.
History
Settlements in the area, except the Islands District, have been connected by the ...
from 1998 until his retirement in 2016. A member of the National Committee of the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, zh, 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of ...
(CPPCC), Tam was elected to the National People's Congress in 2017 and succeeded
Rita Fan
Rita Fan Hsu Lai-tai (; ' Hsu; ''born'' Hsu Ching-li; born 20 September 1945) is a senior Hong Kong politician. She was the first President of the Hong Kong SAR Legislative Council from 1998 to 2008 and a member of the Standing Committee of ...
to become the Hong Kong representative in the NPCSC. On 15 January 2021, the
United States Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...
placed
sanctions on six officials, including Tam, responsible for the
mass arrests of pro-democratic activists on 6 January.
Early career
Tam was born in a Hakka family of
Huiyang
Huiyang District ( postal: Waiyeung; is a district of Huizhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It was renamed in 2003 amid the restructuring of districts and counties in Huizhou. Formerly named Huiyang city (county level), its si ...
ancestry in Hong Kong on 15 December 1949. In 1968, when he was a 19-year-old window display designer, he joined a retail union. He later rose to be the union's vice-chairman in 1975 and become one of the vice-chairman of the
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated ...
(FTU), the largest
pro-Communist trade union in Hong Kong, with
Cheng Yiu-tong
Cheng Yiu-tong GBM, JP (; born 14 October 1948 in Hong Kong) is a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. He was appointed as the president of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions in April 2000. He is also the Hong Kong ...
in 1982.
After the
Sino-British Joint Declaration
The Sino-British Joint Declaration is a treaty between the governments of the United Kingdom and China signed in 1984 setting the conditions in which Hong Kong was transferred to Chinese control and for the governance of the territory after ...
finalised which determined the Chinese sovereignty of Hong Kong after 1997 in December 1984, Tam was appointed by the Beijing government to the
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Basic Law Drafting Committee (BLDC) was formed in June 1985 for the drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) after 1997. It was formed as a working group ...
(BLDC) which responsible for the drafting of the mini-constitution of Hong Kong after 1997 in February 1985. In September 1985, he was first elected to the
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong. It sits under China's " one country, two systems" constitutional arrangement, and is the power centre of Hong Kong ...
(LegCo) in the
first ever Legislative Council election as one of the
Labour representatives, along with
Pang Chun-hoi, president of the
pro-Kuomintang Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
The Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council is the third largest trade union federation in Hong Kong, after the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions, Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and pro-Beijing Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labou ...
(TUC).
During the
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth ...
, Tam and Cheng Yiu-tong joined the
pro-democrats
The pro-democracy camp, also known as the pan-democracy camp, is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic L ...
' demonstrations in support of the Tiananmen students. After the massacre on 4 June, he strongly condemned the Beijing authorities for the bloody suppression. However, he soon turned muted on the events with other pro-Beijing leftists. In 1992, he co-founded the pro-Beijing party the
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong
The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) is a pro-Beijing conservative political party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Starry Lee and holding 13 Legislative Council seats, it is currently the largest party in the l ...
(DAB) with other local pro-Communist leaders. He became the founding vice-chairman of the party.
In the
1995 Legislative Council elections, he gave up his Legislative Council seat in the Labour constituency to fight in
Kowloon Southeast, one of 18
geographical constituencies
In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returni ...
elected by the public at large, but narrowly defeated by the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
candidate
Fred Li Wah-ming
Fred Li Wah-ming ( Chinese: 李華明; born 25 April 1955, Hong Kong) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong representing the constituency of Kowloon East. He was a member of the Kwun Tong District Council for Tsui Ping.
H ...
, finishing a little over 2,000 votes behind.
SAR Legislative Council
In 1996, he was elected to the
Provisional Legislative Council
The Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) was the interim legislature of Hong Kong that operated from 1997 to 1998. The legislature was founded in Guangzhou and sat in Shenzhen from 1996 (with offices in Hong Kong) until the handover in 1997 an ...
tightly controlled by Beijing on the eve of the unification by the 400-strong
Selection Committee. In the
first SAR Legislative Council election, he was elected through the
New Territories West
New Territories West (NTW) is the western part of Hong Kong's New Territories, covering Yuen Long, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan, Kwai Tsing and the Islands District.
History
Settlements in the area, except the Islands District, have been connected by the ...
.
In 1997, he was appointed by
Chief Executive
A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a central executive officer (CEO), chief administrator officer (CAO) or just chief executive (CE), is one of a number of corporate executives charged with the management of an organization especially ...
Tung Chee-hwa
Tung Chee-hwa (; born 7 July 1937) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician who served as the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong between 1997 and 2005, upon the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July. He is currently a vice-chairman of the Chin ...
to the
Executive Council which he served until 2002. He was also appointed chairman of the Elderly Commission from 1997 to 2005.
In 1999, he was awarded the
Gold Bauhinia Star
The Gold Bauhinia Star (, GBS) is the highest Bauhinia Star rank in the honours system of Hong Kong, created in 1997 to replace the British honours system of the Order of the British Empire after the transfer of sovereignty to People's Republic of ...
(GBS) by the government.
After the
2003 District Council election the DAB's disastrous performance, the party chairman
Tsang Yok-sing
Jasper Tsang Yok-sing ( zh, t=曾鈺成; born 17 May 1947) is a Hong Kong politician. He is the founding member of the largest pro-Beijing party the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) from 1992 to 2003 and ...
resigned from his office and succeeded by
Ma Lik
Ma Lik, GBS, JP (; 23 February 1952 – 8 August 2007), was a Legislative Councillor, and was the Chairman of the Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), a pro-Beijing political party in Hong Kong.
Education
Ma Lik attended ...
. He was re-elected to become the vice-chairman for the second time. In 2007, after being acting chairman for the preceding three weeks, he succeeded Ma Lik who died of cancer to become the party chairman.
Under his chairmanship, the DAB received electoral victories in the 2007 and 2011 District Council elections. In the
2012 Legislative Council election
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1 ...
, he led the party to achieve the greatest victory in history, bagging 13 seats in total, by deploying two and three tickets in
Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island is an Islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong, island in the southern part of Hong Kong. Known colloquially and on road signs simply as Hong Kong, the island has a population of 1,289,500 and its population density is 16,390/km ...
and New Territories West respectively and having all the tickets being elected except for
Lau Kong-wah
Lau or LAU may refer to:
People
* Lau (surname)
* Liu (劉/刘), a common Chinese family name transliterated Lau in Cantonese and Hokkien
* Lau clan, one of the Saraswat Brahmin clans of Punjab
* LAU (musician): Laura Fares
Places
* Lebanese ...
's ticket in
District Council (Second)
The District Council (Second) functional constituency () was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong which was created in the 2012 constitutional reform package. It was the largest functional constituen ...
.
In February 2015, he announced that he will step down as DAB chairman to open the door for a new generation of leaders.
On 17 April 2015,
Starry Lee
Starry Lee Wai-king, SBS, JP (, born 13 March 1974 in British Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong politician, chairperson of the largest pro-establishment Beijing-loyalist party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (D ...
succeeded Tam in the party's leadership election. He received
Grand Bauhinia Medal
The Grand Bauhinia Medal () is the highest award under the Hong Kong honours and awards system; it is to recognise the selected person's lifelong and highly significant contribution to the well-being of Hong Kong. The awardee is entitled to the ...
(GBM), the highest award in the Hong Kong medal system, by the government on 1 July 2016.
National People's Congress
He did not seek for re-election in the
2016 Legislative Council election along with three other party seniors Tsang Yok-sing,
Ip Kwok-him
Ip Kwok-him, GBM, GBS, JP (; born 8 November 1951) is a former unofficial member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, served between 2016 and 2022. He is also former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the District Council ...
and
Chan Kam-lam
Chan Kam-lam, GBS, JP (; born 22 January 1949) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong representing the Kowloon East constituency. He is also a core member of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong ...
.
Tam Yiu-chung had been also a Hong Kong deputy to the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, zh, 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of ...
(CPPCC) since 2003.
In 2017, he switched from the CPPCC to run for the
National People's Congress
The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC; ), or simply the National People's Congress, is constitutionally the supreme state authority and the national legislature of the People's Republic of China.
With 2, ...
(NPC) and succeeded
Rita Fan
Rita Fan Hsu Lai-tai (; ' Hsu; ''born'' Hsu Ching-li; born 20 September 1945) is a senior Hong Kong politician. She was the first President of the Hong Kong SAR Legislative Council from 1998 to 2008 and a member of the Standing Committee of ...
to be the Hong Kong representative in the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is the highest organ of state po ...
(NPCSC).
In March 2018, he warned of the recent constitutional amendments in China meant Hongkongers who call for an end to "one-party dictatorship" in China, a slogan of the
pro-democrats
The pro-democracy camp, also known as the pan-democracy camp, is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic L ...
and one of the five pillars of the
(HKASPDMC) might be disqualified from running for local office.
In the same month, Tam condemned
Occupy Central co-founder
Benny Tai
Benny Tai Yiu-ting (; born 12 July 1964) is a Hong Kong legal scholar, political figure, and democracy activist. He was an associate professor of law at the University of Hong Kong.
From 2013, Tai launched and is known for his initiation of ...
for his remarks on the possibility of
Hong Kong independence
Hong Kong independence is a political movement that advocates the establishment of Hong Kong as an independent sovereign state. Hong Kong is one of two Special administrative regions of China (SAR) which enjoys a certain degree of autonomy ...
after the end of "dictatorship" in China. Tam urged Hong Kong to urgently implement
Article 23 of the Basic Law to criminalise a series of acts including sedition, treason and subversion. He also asked if it was still appropriate for Tai to keep his job at HKU.
In October 2020, Tam said that discussions about Hong Kong independence should not be allowed in schools, and claimed it would violate the
National Security Law.
In November 2020, Tam warned that pro-democracy lawmakers in the Legislative Council who were using filibustering techniques may be disqualified from their positions.
In response, the pro-democracy lawmakers threatened to collectively quit if any of them were disqualified.
Following the disqualification of the 4 lawmakers, Tam said that he strongly supported the decision.
In January 2021, following repeated calls from Tam to reform the judiciary, Chief Justice
Geoffrey Ma
Geoffrey Ma Tao-li (; born 11 January 1956) is a retired Hong Kong judge who served as the 2nd Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal— the court of last resort (or supreme court) in Hong Kong. Between 2001 and 2010, he held ...
said that the judiciary should not be reformed simply due to the pro-Beijing party being unhappy with the court's rulings.
In February 2021, Tam wrote that Hong Kong's political system needed reforming, and that the NPCSC was responsible for resolving issues that the Hong Kong could not fix by itself. Also in February, Tam linked the city with the
CCP, asking "If you oppose the Chinese Communist Party, how can you maintain that you genuinely safeguard the interests of Hong Kong?"
In March 2021, Tam led the "Sign For HK 2021 campaign," which claimed to have collected 2.38 million signatures from those in Hong Kong in support of changes to only allow "patriots" to serve in the government.
The deputy chief of the
Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute
Dr. Robert Chung ( zh, t=鍾庭耀, j=Zung1 Ting4-jiu6) is a Hong Kong academic. He is president and chief executive officer of the Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute, an independent institute since May 2019 and the successor organisati ...
(PORI) said he was skeptical of the authenticity of the signatures, and said that it was impossible to collect so many signatures in such a short time.
Also in March 2021, Tam suggested that pan-democrats could only blame themselves for the enacting of laws to ensure only "patriots" serve in the government. After the NPCSC passed legislation to allow only "patriots" to serve in the government, Tam claimed that Hong Kong could continue with democratic development after normality is restored.
In October 2021, Tam stated that "When the foreign powers
invaded China in 1900, they looted and burned down the
Old Summer Palace
The Old Summer Palace, also known as Yuanmingyuan () or Yuanmingyuan Park, originally called the Imperial Gardens (), and sometimes called the Winter Palace, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. I ...
in today's Beijing. That's a historical fact and there's no alternative way to interpret it." However, the looting and burning of the palace happened in 1860, during the
Second Opium War
The Second Opium War (), also known as the Second Anglo-Sino War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a colonial war lasting from 1856 to 1860, which pitted the British Empire and the French Emp ...
.
Though Tam had originally supported the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, in 2021 he claimed that he did not know all of the facts, and when organizers of the annual Tiananmen vigil were arrested under the national security law, Tam said authorities were just following the law.
On 5 January 2022,
Carrie Lam
Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor ( Cheng; ; born 13 May 1957) is a retired Hong Kong politician who served as the 4th Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2017 to 2022. She served as Chief Secretary for Administration between 2012 and 2017 and Secr ...
announced new warnings and restrictions against social gathering due to potential
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, identified in Wuhan, China, in December ...
outbreaks. One day later, it was discovered that many government officials attended a birthday party hosted by Witman Hung Wai-man, with 222 guests.
At least one guest tested positive with COVID-19, causing many guests to be quarantined.
Tam later said that he saw no issues with the private party, and instead blamed the crew of
Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (CPA), more widely known as Cathay Pacific (), is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main hub located at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline's operations and subsidiaries have sc ...
, as well as
Frank Chan Fan for allowing aircrew to quarantine at home. Tam also defended one guest,
Caspar Tsui
Caspar Tsui Ying-wai (; born 2 September 1977) is a Hong Kong politician, Government of Hong Kong, government official and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong, DAB party member. From 2020 to 2022, he has been Secreta ...
, and said that it was Tsui's job to meet with people from various sectors.
Tam tested positive for
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, identified in Wuhan, China, in December ...
on 30 June 2022, and was unable to attend
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
celebrations with
CCP general secretary
The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the Party leader, head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secr ...
Xi Jinping
Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, s ...
.
In July 2022, Tam said that pro-democracy figures should not cut ties with the
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...
.
In August 2022, after
Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan and
John Lee John Lee may refer to:
Academia
* John Lee (astronomer) (1783–1866), president of the Royal Astronomical Society
* John Lee (university principal) (1779–1859), University of Edinburgh principal
* John Lee (pathologist) (born 1961), English ...
vowed "The Hong Kong government would fully support and facilitate all necessary measures by Beijing to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity," Tam said Hong Kong did not have much decision making power and that "It depends on what Beijing wants us to do."
In November 2022, Tam said he would not run for the next NPCSC election, and that he was proud of his previous work on the national security law, as well as
electoral reforms.
In November 2022, Tam said that if Hong Kong courts allow
Jimmy Lai
Lai Chee-ying ( zh, link=no, t=黎智英, born 8 December 1947), also known as Jimmy Lai, is a Hong Kong busniessman and a politician. He founded Giordano, an Asian clothing retailer, Next Digital (formerly Next Media), a Hong Kong-listed med ...
to use a UK-based lawyer, the NPCSC would need to step in to block the use of foreign lawyers and clear any misunderstandings about the national security law; Tam also denied that he was influencing the court's decision. In contrast,
Ronny Tong
Ronny Tong Ka-wah, SC KC (; born 28 August 1950 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong Senior Counsel and politician. He is a current non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. He co-founded the Civic Party and was a member of the Legis ...
said that it was inappropriate to comment on cases before rulings were issued. Professor Johannes Chan Man-mun, former law dean of HKU, said that the NPCSC interpretation "may severely compromise Hong Kong as an international city," and that calls to have the NPCSC intervene before the court had issued its decision were "disturbing" and could undermine the rule of law and judicial independence in the city.
Tam earlier said that the only way to resolve the issue was to have the NPCSC intervene; in December 2022, Tam backtracked and claimed "I've never insisted on an interpretation." Tam also later claimed that "it would be best" if Hong Kong could handle the issue without the NPCSC.
In December 2022, Tam said that defendants charged under the national security law could have their trials in mainland China if they cannot find a lawyer in Hong Kong.
Personal life
Tam studied Adult Education at
Australian National University
The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and ...
and Trade Union Studies at the
London Metropolitan University
London Metropolitan University, commonly known as London Met, is a public university, public research university in London, England. The University of North London (formerly the Polytechnic of North London) and London Guildhall University (f ...
. He is married with two sons.
His sons are Australian citizens and hold Australian passports.
References
External links
Legco biography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tam, Yiu-chung
1949 births
Living people
Hong Kong people of Hakka descent
People from Huiyang
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Leaders of political parties
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
Hong Kong trade unionists
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong politicians
Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star
Recipients of the Grand Bauhinia Medal
Members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress from Hong Kong
Members of the Provisional Legislative Council
HK LegCo Members 1985–1988
HK LegCo Members 1988–1991
HK LegCo Members 1991–1995
HK LegCo Members 1998–2000
HK LegCo Members 2000–2004
HK LegCo Members 2004–2008
HK LegCo Members 2008–2012
HK LegCo Members 2012–2016
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee members
Members of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hong Kong Affairs Advisors
Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2017–2021
20th-century Chinese politicians
21st-century Chinese politicians
20th-century Hong Kong people
21st-century Hong Kong people
Individuals sanctioned by the United States under the Hong Kong Autonomy Act
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List