John Bruce Thompson (born July 25, 1951) is an American activist and

disbarred Disbarment, also known as striking off, is the removal of a lawyer from a bar association or the practice of law, thus revoking their law license or admission to practice law. Disbarment is usually a punishment for unethical or criminal conduct ...

attorney. As an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as

obscenity An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin ''obscēnus'', ''obscaenus'', "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Such loaded language can be use ...

in modern culture. Thompson gained recognition as an anti-video game activist, criticizing the content of video games and their alleged effects on children. He also targeted

rap music Rapping (also rhyming, spitting, emceeing or MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular". It is performed or chanted, usually over a backing beat or musical accompaniment. The ...

and radio personality Howard Stern. Thompson's legal career was further recognized for his actions against The Florida Bar, including challenging its constitutionality in 1993. In 2008, he was permanently disbarred by the

Supreme Court of Florida The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven members: the chief justice and six justices. Six members are chosen from six districts around the state to foster geographic diversity, and one ...

for inappropriate conduct, including making false statements to tribunals and disparaging and humiliating litigants.

Background

Thompson grew up in

Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. ...

, attended Cuyahoga Falls H.S. and attended Denison University. He received media attention when he hosted his own political talk show on the college radio station.Haring, Bruce. "The 'Private Sting' of Jack Thompson". ''Billboard'', 1990-08-11 He then attended Vanderbilt University Law School, where he met his wife, Patricia. In 1976, they moved to Florida, where Thompson, working as a lawyer and then a fund-raiser for a Christian ministry, began attending the Key Biscayne

Presbyterian Church Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their nam ...

and became a

born-again Christian Born again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, particularly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In contrast to one's physical birth, being "born again" is distinctly and sepa ...

. Thompson admits to having a "colorful disciplinary history" as an attorney.Linn, Mike. "'Grand Theft Auto' comes under fire". ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', 2005-11-22.

''The Neil Rogers Show''

In 1988, Thompson became involved in a feud with WIOD Radio host Neil Rogers, after Thompson was instrumental in persuading the FCC to fine WIOD $10,000 for airing such parody songs as " Boys Want Sex in the Morning" on Rogers' show. Thompson also sued the station for violating a December 1987 agreement to end on-air harassment against him. For the next eight months, Thompson recorded all of Rogers' broadcasts and documented 40,000 mentionings of his name. Thompson claimed that one of the terms of his agreement with the station was that the station would pay him $5,000 each time his name was mentioned, totaling $200 million in the suit.

Janet Reno

Thompson first met Janet Reno in November 1975, when he applied for a job as an assistant

state's attorney In the United States, a district attorney (DA), county attorney, state's attorney, prosecuting attorney, commonwealth's attorney, or state attorney is the chief prosecutor and/or chief law enforcement officer representing a U.S. state in a loc ...

in Miami-Dade County, Florida, but was not hired. In 1988, he ran for prosecutor against then-incumbent Dade County State Attorney Janet Reno, after she had declined his request to prosecute Neil Rogers.Evans, Christine. "Challenger attacks Reno as too liberal". ''The Miami Herald'', 1B, November 6, 1988. Thompson gave Reno a letter at a campaign event requesting that she check a box to indicate whether she was homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. Thompson said that Reno then put her hand on his shoulder and responded, "I'm only interested in virile men. That's why I'm not attracted to you."Vick, Karl and David Dahl. "Stigma of a middle-aged, single woman". ''St. Petersburg Times'', 1993-02-17. He filed a police report accusing her of battery for touching him. In response, Reno asked Florida governor Bob Martinez to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate."Opponent accuses Reno of battery". ''The Miami Herald'', 2D, September 9, 1988. The special prosecutor rejected the charge, concluding that it was "a political ploy". Reno was ultimately re-elected with 69% of the vote. Thompson repeated allegations that Reno was a lesbian when she was nominated as U.S. Attorney General, leading one of her supporters, lieutenant governor

Buddy MacKay Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay Jr. (born March 22, 1933) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 42nd governor of Florida for 24 days from December 1998 to January 1999, upon the death of Lawton Chiles. A member of the Democratic P ...

, to dismiss him as a "kook". In 1990, after his election loss, Thompson began a campaign against the efforts of Switchboard of Miami, a social services group of which Reno was a board member. Thompson charged that the group placed "homosexual-education tapes" in public schools. Switchboard responded by getting the

to order that he submit to a psychiatric examination. Thompson did so and passed. Thompson has since stated that he is "the only officially certified sane lawyer in the entire state of Florida".Timmerman, Kenneth R. "Reno Redux in Florida". ''Insight'', October 5, 2001.

Rap music

Thompson came to national prominence in the controversy over

2 Live Crew 2 Live Crew is an American hip hop music, hip hop group from Miami, Florida, which had its greatest commercial success from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. The group's most well-known line up was composed of Luther Campbell, Luke Campbell, Fr ...

's '' As Nasty As They Wanna Be'' album. (

Luke Skyywalker Records Luke Records is an American record label formed in 1985 by Luther Campbell, the former producer and hypeman of 2 Live Crew,Luther Campbell, had previously released a record supporting Reno in her race against Thompson.)Harrington, Richard. "On the Beat; In Md., the Sound and the Fury". ''The Washington Post'', 1990-01-31. On January 1, 1990, he wrote to Martinez and Reno asking them to investigate whether the album violated Florida obscenity laws. Although the state prosecutor declined to proceed with an investigation, Thompson pushed local officials in various parts of the state to block sales of the album, along with N.W.A's ''

Straight Outta Compton ''Straight Outta Compton'' is the debut studio album by rap group N.W.A, which, led by Eazy-E, formed in Los Angeles County's City of Compton in early 1987. Released by his label, Ruthless Records, on August 8, 1988, the album was produced b ...

''.Philips, Chuck.
2 Live Crew's 'Nasty Lyrics' a Bum Rap?
" ''Los Angeles Times'', March 7, 1990. In sending documents to opponents, Thompson would frequently attach a photocopy of his driver's license, with a photo of

Batman Batman is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on ...

pasted over his own. Thompson said, "I have sent my opponents pictures of Batman to remind them I'm playing the role of Batman. Just like Bruce Wayne helped the police in the movie, I have had to assist the sheriff of Broward County." He also wore a Batman wristwatch.Parker, Laura. "Sheriff's Crackdown on Rap Puts Unlikely County in Spotlight". ''The Washington Post'', 1990-06-17. Thompson compared Campbell to the Joker.Kohn, Marek. "Very nasty indeed; Brutal and sexually explicit, the raps of 2 Live Crew have outraged US fundamentalists, but their ghetto origins have confused the liberal conscience". ''The Independent'', 1990-09-16. Thompson also said, "I understand as well as anybody that the First Amendment is a cornerstone of a free society—but there is a responsibility to people who can be harmed by words and thoughts, one of which is the message from Campbell that women can be sexually abused." Thompson also took issue with another 2 Live Crew song, "

Banned in the U.S.A. ''Banned in the U.S.A.'' is the fourth album by the 2 Live Crew. It was originally credited as Luke's solo album. The album included the hits " Do the Bart" and the title track. It was also the very first release to bear the RIAA-standard Pare ...

". He sent a letter to Jon Landau, manager of

Bruce Springsteen Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer and songwriter. He has released 21 studio albums, most of which feature his backing band, the E Street Band. Originally from the Jersey Shore, he is an originat ...

, whose song " Born in the U.S.A." was to be sampled by the group. Thompson suggested that Landau "protect 'Born in the U.S.A.' from its apparent theft by a bunch of clowns who traffic toxic waste to kids," or else Thompson would "be telling the nation about Mr. Springsteen's tacit approval" of the song, which, according to Campbell, "expresses anger about the failure of the First Amendment to protect 2 Live Crew from prosecution".Harrington, Richard.
Banned in the U.S.A.' Released as Rap Group Faces 'Nasty' Charges
". ''The Washington Post'', July 4, 1990. Thompson also said, "the 'social commentary' on this album is akin to a sociopath's discharging his AK-47 into a crowded schoolyard, with the machine gun bursts interrupted by Pee-wee Herman's views on politics".Harrington, Richard.
The Crew: Courage or Crime?
" ''The Washington Post'', August 1, 1990. The members of 2 Live Crew responded to these efforts by suing the Broward County sheriff in federal district court. The sheriff had previously told local retailers that selling the album could result in a prosecution for obscenity violations. While they were granted an injunction because law enforcement actions were an unconstitutional prior restraint on free speech, the court ruled that the album was in fact obscene. However, an appellate court reversed the obscenity ruling, because simply playing the tape was insufficient evidence of the constitutional requirement that it had no artistic value.''Luke Records Inc. v. Navarro'', 960 F.2d 134 (11th Cir. 1992). As the debate continued, Thompson wrote, "An industry that says a line cannot be drawn will be drawn and quartered."Thompson, Jack. "Clean Up Record Lyrics—Or Else". ''Billboard'', October 6, 1990. He said of his campaign, "I won't stop till I get the head of a record company or record chain in jail. Only then will they stop trafficking in obscenity".Cox, Meg. "Music Industry Composes Counterpoint as Demands to Censor Lyrics Increase". ''The Wall Street Journal'', 1990-10-19.

Bob Guccione Jr. Robert Charles Guccione Jr. (born September 19, 1955) is an American publisher and the eldest son of late ''Penthouse'' founder Bob Guccione. He founded the music magazine ''Spin''. Publishing career In 1978, after two attempts at going into the ...

, founder of ''

Spin Spin or spinning most often refers to: * Spinning (textiles), the creation of yarn or thread by twisting fibers together, traditionally by hand spinning * Spin, the rotation of an object around a central axis * Spin (propaganda), an intentionally b ...

'' magazine, responded by calling Thompson "a sort of latter-day Don Quixote, as equally at odds with his times as that mythical character was," and argued that his campaign was achieving "two things...: pissing everybody off and compounding his own celebrity".Guccione, Bob Jr. "Nothing Should Be Legally Obscene". ''Billboard'', December 8, 1990. Thompson responded by noting, "Law enforcement and I put 2 Live Crew's career back into the toilet where it began."Thompson, Jack. "Morals Are Slipping". ''Billboard'', 1991-01-12. Thompson wrote another letter in 1991, this time to the Minnesota attorney general

Skip Humphrey Hubert Horatio "Skip" Humphrey III (born June 26, 1942) is an American retired politician who served as attorney general of the state of Minnesota (1983–99) and State Senator (1973–83). Humphrey led the Office of Older Americans as the assi ...

, complaining about the N.W.A album ''

Niggaz4Life ''Niggaz4Life'' (also known as ''Efil4zaggin'' as per album cover art, stylized in all caps and horizontally mirrored) is the second and final studio album by gangsta rap group N.W.A, released on May 28, 1991. It was their final album, as the grou ...

''. Humphrey warned locally-based Musicland that sales of the album might violate state law against distribution of sexually explicit material harmful to minors. Humphrey also referred the matter to the Minneapolis city attorney, who concluded that some of the songs might fit the legal definition if issued as singles, but that sales of the album as a whole were not prosecutable.Harrington, Richard.
Brewer’s Ads Rapped
". ''Washington Post'', September 4, 1991. Thompson also initiated a similar campaign in Boston.Reibman, Greg. "Anti-obscenity lawyer looks to get rap group N.W.A banned in Boston". ''Boston Herald'', August 9, 1991. Later, Thompson would criticize the Republican Party for inviting N.W.A member and party donor Eric "Eazy-E" Wright to an exclusive function.Philips, Chuck.
Rodney King Gets Rap Offer
". ''Los Angeles Times'', 1991-03-20. In 1992, Thompson was hired by the Freedom Alliance, a self-described patriot group founded by Oliver North, described as "

far-right Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...

" by '' The Washington Post''. By this time, Thompson was looking to have Time Warner, then being criticized for promoting the Ice-T song " Cop Killer", prosecuted for federal and state crimes such as

sedition Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent toward, or insurrection against, estab ...

, incitement to riot, and "advocating overthrow of government" by distributing material that, in Thompson's view, advocated the killing of police officers.Harrington, Richard.
Time Warner in the Line of Fire
". ''Washington Post'', July 8, 1992. Time Warner eventually released Ice-T and his band from their contract, and voluntarily suspended distribution of the album on which "Cop Killer" was featured. Thompson's push to label various musical performances obscene was not entirely limited to rap. In addition to taking on 2 Live Crew, Thompson campaigned against sales of the racy music video for

Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone (; ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Widely dubbed the " Queen of Pop", Madonna has been noted for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, a ...

's " Justify My Love".Philips, Chuck.
Anger Over Madonna Single
". ''Los Angeles Times'', January 4, 1991. Then in 1996, he took on MTV broadcasts for "objectification of women" by writing to the station's corporate parent,

Viacom Viacom, an abbreviation of Video and Audio Communications, may refer to: * Viacom (1952–2006), a former American media conglomerate * Viacom (2005–2019), a former company spun off from the original Viacom * Viacom18, a joint venture between Par ...

, demanding a stop to what he called "corporate pollution".Sandler, Adam. "CLEAN UP MY MTV?" ''Daily Variety'', 1996-12-24. He also went after MTV's advertisers and urged the United States Army to pull recruiting commercials, citing the Army's recruitment of women and problems with sexual harassment scandals.Sandler, Adam. "Activist demands MTV pull Army ads". ''Daily Variety'', 1997-02-19.

Video games

Thompson has heavily criticized a number of video games and campaigned against their producers and distributors. His basic argument is that violent video games have repeatedly been used by teenagers as "murder simulators" to rehearse violent plans. He has pointed to alleged connections between such games and a number of school massacres. According to Thompson, "In every school shooting, we find that kids who pull the trigger are video gamers.""Excerpt from '20/20' on the Debate Whether Violent Video Games Desensitize Children". ''World News Now'', ABC, 2000-03-23. Also, he claims that scientific studies show teenagers process the game environment differently from adults, leading to increased violence and copycat behavior.Thompson, Jack. "Violent video games feed unhealthy ideas to young kids". ''Tacoma News Tribune'', January 8, 2006. According to Thompson, "If some wacked-out adult wants to spend his time playing '' Grand Theft Auto: Vice City'', one has to wonder why he doesn't get a life, but when it comes to kids, it has a demonstrable impact on their behavior and the development of the frontal lobes of their brain."Drew, James.
Ohio sniper case may put video games on trial
". ''Toledo Blade'', 2004-11-21. Thompson has described the proliferation of games by Sony, a Japanese company, as " Pearl Harbor 2".Lasker, John.
MURDER SIMULATORS? Railing against video game violence isn't just for Jack Thompson anymore
". ''Dayton City Paper'', January 4, 2006. According to Thompson, "Many parents think that stores won't sell an M-rated game to someone under 17. We know that's not true, and, in fact, kids roughly 50 percent of that time, all the studies show, are able to walk into any store and get any game regardless of the rating, no questions asked."Cooper, Anderson. ''Anderson Cooper 360''. CNN, October 8, 2005. Thompson has rejected arguments that such video games are protected by freedom of expression, saying, "Murder simulators are not constitutionally protected speech. They're not even speech. They're dangerous physical appliances that teach a kid how to kill efficiently and to love it," as well as simply calling video games "mental masturbation". In addition, he has attributed part of the impetus for violent games to the military, saying that it was looking "for a way to disconnect in the soldier's mind the physical act of pulling the trigger from the awful reality that a life may end".Thompson, Jack. "Bloodlust video games put kids in the crosshairs". ''Denver Post'', 1999-05-30. Thompson further claims that some of these games are based on military training and simulation technologies, such as those being developed at the Institute for Creative Technologies, which, he suggests, were created by the Department of Defense to help overcome soldiers' inhibition to kill.Worthy, Kym. "Why violent video games may be worse than other media violence". ''Michigan Chronicle'', October 5, 2005. He also claims that the

PlayStation 2 The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October 2000, in Europe on 24 November 2000, and in Australia on 3 ...

's DualShock controller "gives you a pleasurable buzz back into your hands with each kill. This is

operant conditioning Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment. In it, operants—behaviors that affect one's environment—are c ...

, behavior modification right out of B. F. Skinner's laboratory."Thompson, Jack. . ''Shreveport Times'', 2006-05-24. Although his efforts dealing with video games have generally focused on juveniles, Thompson got involved in a case involving an adult on one occasion in 2004. This was an aggravated murder case against 29-year-old Charles McCoy Jr., the defendant in a series of highway shootings the previous year around

Columbus, Ohio Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and t ...

. When McCoy was captured, a game console and a copy of '' The Getaway'' were in his motel room. Although not representing McCoy and over the objections of McCoy's lawyers, Thompson succeeded in getting the court to unseal a search warrant for McCoy's residence. This showed, among other things, the discovery of additional games ''

State of Emergency A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...

'', ''

Max Payne ''Max Payne'' is a neo-noir third-person shooter video game series developed by Remedy Entertainment (''Max Payne'' and ''Max Payne 2'') and Rockstar Studios (''Max Payne 3''). The series is named after its protagonist, Max Payne, a New York Ci ...

'', and '' Dead to Rights''. However, he was not allowed to present the evidence to McCoy, whose defense team was relying on an

insanity defense The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is an affirmative defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to an episodic psychiatric disease at the time of the cr ...

based on paranoid schizophrenia. In Thompson's estimation, McCoy was the "functional equivalent of a 15-year-old," and "the only thing insane about this case is the (insanity) defense"."Nancy Grace for April 21, 2005, CNNHN". ''Nancy Grace'', CNN, 2005-04-21.

Early litigation

Thompson filed a lawsuit on behalf of the parents of three students killed in the Heath High School shooting in 1997. Investigations showed that the perpetrator, 14-year-old Michael Carneal, had regularly played various computer games (including '' Doom'', '' Quake'', '' Castle Wolfenstein'', '' Redneck Rampage'', ''

Nightmare Creatures ''Nightmare Creatures'' is a 1997 survival horror video game developed by Kalisto Entertainment for PlayStation, Microsoft Windows and Nintendo 64. A sequel, ''Nightmare Creatures II'', was released three years later. A mobile phone version of ...

'', '' MechWarrior'', and '' Resident Evil'') and accessed some pornographic websites. Carneal had also owned a videotape of '' The Basketball Diaries'', which includes a high school student dreaming about shooting his teacher and some classmates. The suit sought $33 million in damages, alleging that the producers of the games, the movie, and the operators of the Internet sites were negligent in distributing this material to a minor because it would desensitize him and make him more prone to violence. Additional claims included product liability for making "defective" products (the defects alleged were violent features and lack of warnings) and violation of RICO, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, for distributing this material to minors.'' James v. Meow Media'', 90 F. Supp. 2d 798 (W.D. Ky. 2000). Said Thompson, "We intend to hurt Hollywood. We intend to hurt the video game industry. We intend to hurt the sex porn sites."Prichard, James. "Parents of slain students sue entertainment industry companies". ''The Associated Press State & Local Wire'', 1999-04-12. The suit was filed in federal district court and was dismissed for failing to present a legally recognizable claim. The court concluded that Carneal's actions were not reasonably foreseeable by the defendants and that, in any case, his actions superseded those of the defendants, so the latter could not therefore be the proximate cause of the harm. In addition, the judge determined that "thoughts, ideas and images" in the defendants' materials did not constitute "products" that could be considered defective. The ruling was upheld on appeal.''James v. Meow Media'', 300 F.3d 683 (6th Cir. 2002)

''Grand Theft Auto''

Actions in law

=Ohio

= In February 2003, Thompson asked permission to file an ''

amicus curiae An ''amicus curiae'' (; ) is an individual or organization who is not a party to a legal case, but who is permitted to assist a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case. The decision on ...

'' (or "friend of the court") brief in the Ohio case of Dustin Lynch, 16, who was charged with aggravated murder in the death of JoLynn Mishne; Lynch was "obsessed" with ''

Grand Theft Auto III ''Grand Theft Auto III'' is a 2001 action-adventure game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games. It is the third main entry in the ''Grand Theft Auto'' series, following 1999's ''Grand Theft Auto 2'', and the fifth instalment o ...

''.Hudak, Stephen. "Should video game share blame? Father of slain Medina girl says manufacturer is accomplice". '' The Plain Dealer'', 2003-02-21. When Judge John Lohn ruled that Lynch would be tried as an adult, Thompson passed a message from Mishne's father to the judge, asserting that "the attorneys had better tell the jury about the violent video game that trained this kid ndshowed him how to kill our daughter, JoLynn. If they don't, I will."Hudak, Stephen. "State gets; OK to try teenager as adult 16-year-old accused of killing Medina girl". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-05-13. In a motion sent to the prosecutor, the boy's court-appointed lawyer, and reporters, Thompson asked to be recognized as the boy's lawyer in the case. Medina County Prosecutor Dean Holman, however, said Thompson would be faced with deeply conflicting interests if he were to represent Dustin Lynch because he also advised Mishne's parents.Hudak, Stephen. "Lawyer's motive in teen murder trial debated". ''The Plain Dealer'', June 7, 2003. Claiming that delays had weakened his case, Thompson asked Medina County Common Pleas Judge Christopher Collier to disqualify himself from presiding over the case because the judge had not ruled on Thompson's request for two months.Hudak, Stephen. "Lawyer wants in, wants judge out in murder case of Medina teen". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-08-19. The boy himself eventually rejected Thompson's offer, withdrawing his insanity plea. Lynch's mother, Jerrilyn Thomas, who had demanded that Collier appoint Thompson to defend her son, said she changed her mind after visiting with her son in jail, saying that the charge against him "has nothing to do with video games or Paxil, and my son's no murderer."Hudak, Stephen. "Teen can stand trial in girl's murder; Father of slain Medina High pupil upset that video game critic won't be in court". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-09-16.

=Tennessee

= Thompson returned to file a lawsuit in Tennessee state court in October 2003 on behalf of the victims of two teenage stepbrothers who had pleaded guilty to reckless homicide, endangerment, and assault.''Hamel, et al. v. Sony Computer Ent., et al.'', No. 28,613-III (Cocke County Cir. Court of Tenn. 2003). Since the boys told investigators they were inspired by ''Grand Theft Auto III'', Thompson sought $246 million in damages from the publisher, Take-Two Interactive, along with

maker Sony Computer Entertainment America and retailer Wal-Mart. The suit charged that the defendants knew or should have known that the game would cause copycat violence.Yi, Matthew.
Gamemaker sued over highway shootings
". ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 2003-10-23. On October 22, 2003, the case was removed to the

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (in case citations, E.D. Tenn.) is the federal court in the Sixth Circuit whose jurisdiction covers most of East Tennessee and a portion of Middle Tennessee. The court has jur ...

. Two days later, the plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal, and the case was closed.''Hamel, et al. v. Sony Computer Ent., et al.'', No. 2:03cv00375 (E.D. Tenn. October 24, 2003).

=Alabama

= Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore, a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive ''Grand Theft Auto'' player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his '' pro hac vice,'' or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails.DeWitt, Robert.
Attorney in Fayette case bows out
". ''Tuscaloosa News'', November 8, 2005. The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar. For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.DeWitt, Robert. "Judge denies attorney's request to withdraw from Devin Moore case". ''Tuscaloosa News'', 2005-11-19. He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team,DeWitt, Robert. "Judge stands by Fayette decision". ''Tuscaloosa News'', 2005-11-22. and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website.Station 7 WVU. Birmingham, Alabama. ''Noon News'', November 3, 2005. In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general

Troy King Troy Robin King (born August 22, 1968) is the former attorney general of the state of Alabama. He previously served as an assistant attorney general and a legal adviser to both Republican governors Bob Riley and Fob James. King was appointed by ...

to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell "cop-killing games". After the slaying of another police officer in

Gassville, Arkansas Gassville (formerly Mount Pleasant and Turkey's Neck) is a city in Baxter County, Arkansas, United States. According to the 2010 census, the city population was 2,078. Geography Gassville is located at (36.283160, -92.490124). According to t ...

Jacob D. Robida Jacob D. Robida (June13, 1987 – February5, 2006) was an American neo-Nazi and murderer. Robida attacked three patrons at a gay bar in New Bedford, Massachusetts on February2, 2006 before fleeing by vehicle to Charleston, West Virginia, where ...

, an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to ''Grand Theft Auto'', but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.Rotermund, Maggie.
Investigators: Video games not linked to shooting
. ''The Baxter Bulletin'', February 8, 2006.

=Florida

= Thompson once reported that he had videotaped a Miami

Best Buy Best Buy Co. Inc. is an American multinational consumer electronics retailer headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. Originally founded by Richard M. Schulze and James Wheeler in 1966 as an audio specialty store called Sound of Music, it was rebra ...

employee selling a copy of '' Grand Theft Auto: Vice City'' to his son who was 10 at the time. In a letter to Best Buy, he wrote, "Prosecutions and public relations consequences should fall on your Minneapolis headquarters like snowflakes."Morris, Chris.
Crackpot or crusader?
" ''CNN/Money'', 2003-01-31. He eventually sued the company in Florida, arguing that it had violated a law against sale of sexual materials deemed harmful to minors. In January 2005, Best Buy agreed that it would enforce an existing policy to check the identification of anyone who appeared to be 17 or under and tried to purchase games rated "M" (for mature audiences). No law in effect at the time prohibited selling "M" rated video games to juveniles.

=New Mexico

= In September 2006, Thompson and attorney Steven Sanders filed a suit in

Albuquerque, New Mexico Albuquerque ( ; ), ; kee, Arawageeki; tow, Vakêêke; zun, Alo:ke:k'ya; apj, Gołgéeki'yé. abbreviated ABQ, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Its nicknames, The Duke City and Burque, both reference its founding in ...

, against Sony,

Take-Two Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American video game holding company based in New York City and founded by Ryan Brant in September 1993. The company owns two major publishing labels, Rockstar Games and 2K, which operate internal g ...

, Rockstar Games, and teenage killer Cody Posey, for the wrongful death of three members of Posey's family. The suit, on behalf of surviving family members, claimed that "obsessively" playing ''Grand Theft Auto: Vice City'' made violence "pleasurable and attractive," disconnected violence from consequences, and caused Posey to "act out, copycat, replicate and emulate the violence" when in July 2004 he shot and killed his father, stepmother, and stepsister and then buried them under a manure pile. According to Thompson, "Posey essentially practiced how to kill on this game. If it wasn't for ''Grand Theft Auto,'' three people might not now be dead."Gutierrez Krueger, Joline.
Video-game maker blamed in '04 killing
". ''The Albuquerque Tribune'', 2006-09-25. The suit claimed that Thompson had been told by a sheriff's deputy that the game and a Sony

were found at the ranch. The suit also claimed that the game taught Posey "how to point and shoot a gun in a fashion making him an extraordinarily effective killer without teaching him any of the constraints or responsibilities needed to inhibit such a killing capacity.""Lawsuit blames 'Grand Theft Auto' video game for teen shooting family at N.M. ranch". ''The Associated Press State & Local Wire'', 2006-09-26. The game in question does not actually teach the player anything about handling a firearm. Gary Mitchell, Posey's attorney, said Thompson contacted him "numerous times" before the trial, urging him to highlight the game in Posey's defense, but Mitchell said he "just didn't find it had any merit whatsoever."Romo, Rene.
Relatives of Posey's Victims Say Video Game Helped Turn Teenager Into a Killer
". ''Albuquerque Journal'', 2006-09-26.

Take-Two reaction

On March 14, 2007, Take-Two filed a lawsuit seeking to permanently enjoin Thompson from filing any public nuisance action against the company that would block the sales to minors of the unreleased video games '' Grand Theft Auto IV'' and '' Manhunt 2''. The suit alleged that Thompson's lawsuits violated the company's First Amendment rights.Ganapati, Priya.
Take-Two Goes After Chief Critic
". ''TheStreet.com'', 2007-03-16. Responding, Thompson said: "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, so arrogant, so dumb, even dumber than what they have to date done, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two."Kesten, Lou.

. ''BusinessWeek'', 2007-03-21. On April 19, 2007, Thompson and Take-Two settled the suit, with Thompson agreeing not to seek any legal restriction on sales of Take-Two's games, threaten to sue the company, or accuse Take-Two of any wrongdoing based on the sale of any of its games. One analyst said that the settlement was likely to mute his public pronouncements and lawsuits against the company.Ganapati, Priya.

". ''TheStreet.com'', 2007-09-19. However, upon the game's 2008 release, Thompson called ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' "the gravest assault upon children in this country since polio," and asked Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty to "pursue and file criminal charges against innesota-based retailersTarget and Best Buy".Ojeda-Zapata, Julio.
'GTA IV' releases mayhem — and parental anxiety
". ''

St. Paul Pioneer Press The ''St. Paul Pioneer Press'' is a newspaper based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It serves the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. Circulation is heaviest in the east metro, including Ramsey County, Minn ...

'' 2008-04-28. He also sent a letter to Take-Two chairman Strauss Zelnick's attorney, addressed to Zelnick's mother, in which Thompson accused her son of "doing everything he possibly can to sell as many copies of GTA: IV to teen boys in the United States, a country in which your son claims you raised him to be a 'a

Boy Scout A Scout (in some countries a Boy Scout, Girl Scout, or Pathfinder) is a child, usually 10–18 years of age, participating in the worldwide Scouting movement. Because of the large age and development span, many Scouting associations have split ...

'. ... More like the Hitler Youth, I would say."Hawke, Jack.
Grand Theft Auto IV cracks $500m mark
". '' Ninemsn'' 2008-05-08. On May 1, 2008 Thompson appeared on the

CNN Headline News HLN is an American basic cable network. Owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, the network primarily carries true crime programming. The channel was originally launched on January 1, 1982 by Turner Broadcasting as CNN2 (later renamed Headline News ...

program ''

Glenn Beck Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative political commentator, radio host, entrepreneur, and television producer. He is the CEO, founder, and owner of Mercury Radio Arts, the parent company of his television and rad ...

'', asserting that the game's sexual content made its sale to minors illegal, and that he was working with law enforcement to have criminal prosecutions brought.''

''. ''

'', 2008-05-01. Thompson also filed a complaint with the Chicago Transit Authority about poster ads for the game at Chicago, Illinois bus stops.Dawkins, Tao.
Local gamers celebrate premiere
. '' Palladium-Item'' 2008-05-04.

GameZone emails

In September 2013, Thompson expressed his hatred of ''

Grand Theft Auto V ''Grand Theft Auto V'' is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the seventh main entry in the Grand Theft Auto, ''Grand Theft Auto'' series, following 2008's ''Grand Theft Auto IV'', and ...

'' during a series of e-mails exchange with GameZone writer Lance Liebl during its launch week. The game happened to launch the day after the Washington Navy Yard shooting. Traditional media outlets such as Fox News and MSNBC sought out to find proof that violent video games, such as ''Grand Theft Auto V'', had a role in the brutal killings. GameZone responded by writing an article that disagrees with this. These caught Thompson's attention, who then sent an e-mail to the site. "Look, Lance," he wrote in an email, " The American Psychological Association has established a causal link between these games and increased aggression. The Dept. of Defense uses them for that purpose." Liebl responded by offering Thompson a chance to come on the site and explain his stance, which he refused, describing

gamer A gamer is a proactive hobbyist who plays interactive games, especially video games, tabletop role-playing games, and skill-based card games, and who plays for usually long periods of time. Some gamers are competitive, meaning they routinely ...

s as "too brain-impaired to get it."

''Bully''

Beginning in 2005, Thompson supported a campaign to discourage Take-Two's subsidiary, Rockstar Games, from releasing a game called ''

Bully Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively wikt:domination, dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by ot ...

'', in which, according to Thompson, "what you are in effect doing is rehearsing your physical revenge and violence against those whom you have been victimized by. And then you, like Klebold and Harris in Columbine, become the ultimate bully."Dobbs, Lou. ''Lou Dobbs Tonight''. CNN, 2005-08-24. According to Thompson, the game "shows you how to—by bullying—take over your school. You punch people; you hit them with sling shots; you dunk their heads in dirty toilets. There's white-on-black crime in the game. You bludgeon teachers and classmates with bats. It's absolutely nuts." Thompson sued Wal-Mart,

, Target,

Circuit City Circuit City is an American consumer electronics retail company, which was founded in 1949 by Samuel Wurtzel as the Wards Company, operated stores across the United States, and pioneered the electronics superstore format in the 1970s. After m ...

GameStop GameStop Corp. is an American video game, consumer electronics, and gaming merchandise retailer. The company is headquartered in Grapevine, Texas (a suburb of Dallas), and is the largest video game retailer worldwide. , the company operates 4,5 ...

, and Toys 'R' Us, seeking an order to bar the game's release.Hoag, Christina.
Activist bullies video game sellers." ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', 2005-08-18.
He also participated in a protest at Rockstar's office that also included students from Peaceaholics, a Washington, D.C. mentoring organization.Moult, Julie. "Slam at Vid Jerks". ''New York Post'', August 3, 2005. Thompson said he hoped that the pressure would get retailers to refuse to carry the game.Pinzur, Matthew I. . ''Miami Herald'', 2006-03-13. In March 2006, the Miami-Dade County Public Schools board unanimously passed a resolution criticizing the game and urging retailers not to sell the game to minors. Thompson also criticized Bill Gates and Microsoft for contracting with Rockstar Games to release the game on the Xbox. The Xbox version has since been cancelled for undisclosed reasons, but a version was released years later on the Xbox 360. In August 2006, Thompson requested a congressional subpoena for an early copy, threatening to file suit in Miami if he did not gain help from U.S. Rep. Cliff Stearns. Once the game is out, according to Thompson, "the horse will be out of the barn and it will be too late to do anything about it". Thompson argued that it violated Florida's public nuisance laws, which prohibit activities that can injure the health of the community.Jones, K.C., ''TechWeb Technology News'', 2006-08-14 Rockstar Games co-founder Terry Donovan responded, saying "I would prefer it if we could simply make great games and not have to deal with misunderstanding and misperception of what we do."Kesten, Lou. "The week in video-game news", Associated Press, August 16, 2006 After receiving no response from Rockstar regarding an advance copy, Thompson filed the public nuisance complaint against Wal-Mart, Take-Two Interactive, and

, demanding that he be allowed to preview the game before its October 17 release date. Take-Two offered to bring in a copy and let both Judge Ronald Friedman and Thompson view the game in the judge's chambers on October 12, 2006.Slagle, Matt.
BullyLawsuit,00.html Judge to Weigh in on 'Bully' Video Game
". Associated Press, 2006-10-12. The judge ultimately saw no reason to restrict sales and dismissed the complaint the next day.Slagle, Matt.

". Associated Press, 2006-10-13. Thompson was critical of the judge's decision, telling the judge "You did not see the game... You don't even know what it was you saw," as well as accusing the Take-Two employee who demonstrated the game of avoiding the most violent parts.Carey, Bridget.

Blank Rome Blank Rome (formerly known as Blank Rome Comisky & McCauley) is an Am Law 100 firm (ranked 81st in the 2019 AmLaw 100 Survey) with 14 offices and more than 600 attorneys and principals who provide legal and advocacy services to clients in the Un ...

subsequently filed a motion to have Thompson's behavior declared "contempt for the court". Judge Friedman then recused himself from ruling, and instead filed a complaint against Thompson with The Florida Bar, calling Thompson's behavior "inappropriate by a member of the bar, unprofessional and contemptible". Thompson later drew attention to the game's main character, a 15-year-old male, being able to kiss other boys. Thompson wrote to ESRB president Patricia Vance, "We just found gay sexual content in ''Bully'' as

Jimmy Hopkins ''Bully'' (released in the PAL region as ''Canis Canem Edit''; Latin for " dog eat dog") is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar Vancouver and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 17 October 2006 for the PlayStation ...

makes out with another male student. Good luck with your Teen rating now." The ESRB responded by saying they were already aware that the content was in the game when they rated it.Game roundup: Wait for 'Burning Crusade'; 'Mansfield' a 96-hour keeper
". ''USA Today'', 2006-11-03.

''Manhunt''

During the aftermath of the murder of Stefan Pakeerah, by his friend Warren Leblanc in

Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ; postal abbreviation Leics.) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands, England. The county borders Nottinghamshire to the north, Lincolnshire to the north-east, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire t ...

, England, the game '' Manhunt'' was linked after the media wrongfully claimed police found a copy in Leblanc's room. The police officially denied any link, citing drug-related robbery as the motive and revealing that the game had been found in Pakeerah's bedroom, not Leblanc's. Thompson, who had heard of the murder, claimed that he had written to Rockstar after the game was released, warning them that the nature of the game could inspire copycat killings: "I wrote warning them that somebody was going to copycat the ''Manhunt'' game and kill somebody. We have had dozens of killings in the U.S. by children who had played these types of games. This is not an isolated incident. These types of games are basically murder simulators. There are people being killed over here almost on a daily basis." Soon thereafter, the Pakeerah family hired Thompson with the aim of suing Sony and Rockstar for £50 million in a wrongful death claim. Jack Thompson would later vow to permanently ban the game during the release of the sequel '' Manhunt 2''. Thompson said he planned to sue Take-Two/Rockstar in an effort to have both ''Manhunt 2'' and ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' banned as "public nuisances", saying "killings have been specifically linked to Take-Two's ''Manhunt'' and ''Grand Theft Auto'' games. haveasked Take-Two and retailers to stop selling Take-Two's 'Mature' murder simulation games to kids. They all refuse. They are about to be told by a court of law that they must adhere to the logic of their own 'Mature' labels." The suits were eradicated when Take-Two petitioned U.S. District Court, SD FL to block the impending lawsuit, on the grounds that video games purchased for private entertainment could not be considered public nuisances. The following day, Thompson wrote on his website "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two. The pit Take-Two has dug for itself will be patently clear next week when I strike back."

''Mortal Kombat''

In October 2006, Thompson sent a letter to

Midway Games Midway Games Inc., known previously as Midway Manufacturing and Bally Midway, and commonly known as simply Midway, was an American video game developer and publisher. Midway's franchises included ''Mortal Kombat'', ''Rampage (series), Rampage'' ...

, demanding they

cease and desist A cease and desist letter is a document sent to an individual or business to stop alleged illegal activity. The phrase "cease and desist" is a legal doublet, made up of two near-synonyms. The letter may warn that, if the recipient does not dis ...

selling the latest game in the ''

Mortal Kombat ''Mortal Kombat'' is an American media franchise centered on a series of video games originally developed by Midway Games in 1992. The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a v ...

'' series, '' Mortal Kombat: Armageddon'', claiming that the game was illegally profiting on his likeness, because gamers could use the character creation option to make a character who looked like Thompson. Midway did not respond to his letter.

Activism and lobbying

In addition to filing lawsuits, Thompson has pushed for measures against similar games in a variety of public settings. He wrote a joint article in the '' Christian Science Monitor'' with

Eugene F. Provenzo Eugene Francis Provenzo Jr. (born 1949) is an emeritus professor in the Department of Teaching and Learning at the University of Miami. He became a full professor in 1985. Career Provenzo. was born in Buffalo, New York in 1949. He took his BA de ...

, a University of Miami professor who studies the effects of video games on children. Originally brought together to provide opposing viewpoints on ''

60 Minutes ''60 Minutes'' is an American television news magazine broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt and Bill Leonard, who chose to set it apart from other news programs by using a unique styl ...

'' in the aftermath of the

Columbine High School massacre On April 20, 1999, a school shooting and attempted bombing occurred at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado, United States. The perpetrators, 12th grade students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. ...

, they said they had become friends and were collaborating on a book. They described themselves as having "a shared belief that first-person shooter video games are bad for our children, teaching them to act aggressively and providing them with efficient killing skills and romanticized and trivialized scenarios for killing in the real world".Provenzo, Eugene F. Jr. and Jack Thompson.
A political odd couple's advice on finding common ground
." ''Christian Science Monitor'', 2004-10-19. Thompson has supported legislation in a number of states that would ban sales of violent and sexually explicit video games to minors. In response to First Amendment concerns, he argued that the games were a "public safety hazard."Snyder, David.
Md. House Panel Hesitant on Video Game Restrictions
". ''Washington Post'', March 9, 2005. However, he rejected as "completely unconstitutional" Hillary Clinton's proposed legislation to ban sales to minors of games rated "M" for Mature by the

Entertainment Software Rating Board The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) is a self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings to consumer video games in the United States and Canada. The ESRB was established in 1994 by the Entertainment Software Asso ...

. Thompson contended that the government could not enforce a private-sector standard but had to depend on a ''Miller'' obscenity test. He charged that Clinton was simply positioning herself politically, with the support of the gaming industry, by proposing a bill which he felt she knew would be unconstitutional.Thompson, Jack. "What kind of game is Hillary Clinton playing?" ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'', 2005-12-11. In July 2005, Thompson sent a letter to several politicians urging them to investigate '' The Sims 2'', alleging that the game contained nudity accessible by entering special codes. Thompson called the nudity inappropriate for a game rated "T" for Teen, a rating which indicates suitability for anyone 13 and older. Manufacturer Electronic Arts dismissed the allegations, with vice president Jeff Brown explaining that game characters have "no anatomical detail" under their clothes, effectively resembling Barbie dolls. Although the game does display blurred-out patches over body regions when characters are naked, such as when taking a shower, Brown said that was for "humorous effect" and denied there was anything improper about the game.Wingfield, Nick.
Guess What's Hiding in Your Videogame
." ''The Wall Street Journal'', 2005-07-26. Nevertheless, a command that could be entered into the in-game console in order to disable the blur effect was removed from the game in an expansion. No official reason was given for the change. In Louisiana, Thompson helped draft a 2006 bill sponsored by state representative Roy Burrell to ban the sale of violent video games to buyers under 18 ( HB1381). In an effort to avoid constitutional problems, it avoided trying to define "violent" and instead adopted a variation of the ''Miller'' obscenity test: sales to minors would be illegal based on community standards if the game appealed to "the minor's morbid interest in violence", was patently offensive based on adult standards of suitability for minors, and lacked serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors. The bill was passed unanimously by the state House and approved by the Senate Judiciary A Committee, despite industry opposition and predictions that it too would be unconstitutional.Hasten, Mike. . ''Shreveport Times'', May 5, 2006. '' The Shreveport Times'' editorialized that Thompson's support of the bill "should immediately set off alarms" and described Thompson as someone who "thrives on chasing cultural ambulances".. ''Shreveport Times'', May 16, 2006. In defense of the bill, Thompson said that it was needed for public safety, and that it was a "miracle" that a Columbine-type event hadn't happened yet in Louisiana.Thompson, John Bruce.
La. needs video game sales restrictions
". ''WBRZ News 2'', June 8, 2006. However, the ESA filed suit under '' Entertainment Software Association v. Foti'', and U.S. District Judge

James Brady James Scott Brady (August 29, 1940 – August 4, 2014) was an American public official who served as assistant to the U.S. president and the seventeenth White House Press Secretary, serving under President Ronald Reagan. In 1981, Brady b ...

issued a preliminary injunction, temporarily blocking the law from taking effect until full judicial review can be done.La. Ban of Some Video Games Blocked
." ''Wilmington Star'', August 25, 2006. The law was permanently enjoined in late November 2006, and the state was ordered to pay the legal fees of the plaintiffs. Judge Brady was "dumbfounded" that state legislators and Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco wasted taxpayer money by trying to enact the law.. ''KATC3'', April 16, 2007. At one point, Thompson was asked by the National Institute on Media and the Family to stop invoking the organization's name in his campaigns. NIMF president David Walsh felt Thompson cast the organization in a bad light whenever he brought up their name. "Your commentary has included extreme hyperbole and your tactics have included personally attacking individuals for whom I have a great deal of respect," Walsh said in an open letter to Thompson.Tilley, Steve. "Spielberg Grabs the Controller." ''Toronto Sun'', 2005-10-23. Thompson has additionally worked to influence police investigations concerning violent acts which he views as being connected to violence in video games media. On June 2, 2006, Thompson suggested that West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana police detectives, investigating the murder of 55-year-old Michael Gore by 17-year-old Kurt Edward Neher, should look into the video games played by Neher. According to Sheriff J. Austin Daniel, an autopsy showed Gore was beaten to death as well as shot in the face. Concerning this, Thompson stated that "nobody shoots anybody in the face unless you're a hit man or a video gamer."

Other public commentary

Thompson predicted that the perpetrator of the Beltway sniper attacks would be "a teenaged boy, who plays video games" and speculated incorrectly that he "may indeed ride a bicycle to and from his shooting locations, his gun broken down and placed in a backpack while he pedals."Milloy, Courtland. "The Need to Put a Face on This Killer". ''Washington Post'', 2002-10-23. Saying that the shooter, Lee Boyd Malvo, had "trained" on '' Halo'', Thompson later claimed credit for this on '' The Today Show'': "I predicted that the Beltway sniper would be a teen-aged boy that trained on a game switched to sniper mode. And three months later, NBC reported that that's exactly what Malvo did. And Muhammad had him train on the game to suppress his inhibition to kill.""Attorney Jack Thompson and Michael Miller, PC magazine, discuss war video games and their impact." ''Today'', 2003-04-17.Gibson, John. "Interview with Jack Thompson". ''The Big Story with John Gibson'', 2003-10-22. John Muhammad was a Gulf War veteran and earned an expert marksmanship badge in the U.S. Army.Muhammad a Gulf War vet, Islam convert
." ''CNN.com'', 2002-12-30. Thompson has also criticized a Christian video game based on the '' Left Behind'' series. In '' Left Behind: Eternal Forces'', players participate in "battles raging in the streets of New York," according to the game's fact sheet. They engage in "physical and spiritual warfare: using the power of prayer to strengthen your troops in combat and wield modern military weaponry throughout the game world." Thompson claims that the makers of the game are sacrificing their values.Rhodes, Hillary.
Christian Game: Good Word or Bad Idea?
" ''Sioux City Journal'', 2006-04-11. He said, "Because of the Christian context, somehow it's OK? It's not OK. The context is irrelevant. It's a mass-killing game."Chmielewski, Dawn C. ''Los Angeles Times'', 2006-05-10. ''Left Behind'' author Tim LaHaye disagrees, saying "Rather than forbid young people from viewing their favorite pastime, I prefer to give them something that's positive." The dispute over the game has caused Thompson to sever ties with Tyndale House, which publishes both the ''Left Behind'' books and Thompson's book, ''Out of Harm's Way''. Thompson has not seen the game, which he says has "personally broken my heart," but claims, "I don't have to meet Abraham Lincoln to know that he was the 16th president of the United States."Levy, Piet. "'Left Behind' Video Game Draws Criticism for Apocalyptic Violence." ''Religion News Service'', June 8, 2006. In April 2007, only hours after the Virginia Tech shooting (and before Seung-Hui Cho was actually identified), Thompson predicted that the shooter had trained on the game '' Counter-Strike''.Benedetti, Winda.
Were video games to blame for massacre?
" ''MSNBC.com'', 2007-04-20 According to Thompson, the game "drills you and gives you scenarios on how to kill them ndgets you to kill them with your heart rate lower." He says that Seung-Hui "was in a hyper-reality situation in virtual reality." Though Seung-Hui had last been known to have played ''Counter-Strike'' in high school, four years prior to the shooting, Thompson asserts that "you don't drop it when you go to college, typically." Thompson disputed Seung-Hui's roommate's claim that Seung-Hui only used his computer to write fiction, on the grounds that "Cho was able to go room to room calmly, efficiently, coolly killing people."''Hardball'', MSNBC, 2007-04-19 Prior to being identified, Thompson attributed the " flat effect on eung-Hui'sface" and the efficiency of his attack to video game rehearsals of the shooting.MSNBC, 2007-04-16, 7:27 PM. However, a search warrant released, listing the items found in Cho's dorm room, did not contain any video games, and a '' Washington Post'' story cited by Thompson later removed a paragraph stating that Seung-Hui enjoyed violent video games in high school. Despite all evidence indicating that Seung-Hui had not played ''Counter-Strike'' in years, Thompson continued to insist that "this is not rocket science. When a kid who has never killed anyone in his life goes on a rampage and looks like the

Terminator Terminator may refer to: Science and technology Genetics * Terminator (genetics), the end of a gene for transcription * Terminator technology, proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by causing second generation s ...

, he's a video gamer." Thompson also sent a letter to Bill Gates, saying, "Mr. Gates, your company is potentially legally liable (for) the harm done at Virginia Tech. Your game, a killing simulator, according to the news that used to be in the Post, trained him to enjoy killing and how to kill." However, Microsoft did not create ''Counter-Strike'' – they only published the Xbox version of the game. The official Virginia state panel commissioned to investigate the shooting determined that Seung-Hui "played video games like ''

Sonic the Hedgehog is a Japanese video game series and media franchise created by Sega. The franchise follows Sonic, an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who battles the evil Doctor Eggman, a mad scientist. The main ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' games are platformers mo ...

''," and that "none of the video games

e had played E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''e'' (pronounced ); plura ...

were war games or had violent themes."Virginia Tech Incident Review Panel
Chapter IV: Mental Health History of Seung Hui Cho
. In December 2007, Thompson filed suit against Omaha, Nebraska Police Chief Thomas Warren, asking him to produce information on all "violent entertainment material" belonging to Robert Hawkins, who killed nine people, including himself, in a shooting at the Westroads Mall earlier that month. According to Omaha police, such information is not a matter of public record, as it is part of an ongoing criminal investigation.Lawyer Sues OPD Chief For Hawkins' Video-Game Records
." ''KETV-TV'', 2007-12-28. On February 15, 2008, Jack Thompson claimed that the actions of Steven Kazmierczak, who the previous day killed five people at Northern Illinois University before committing suicide, were influenced by the game ''Counter-Strike''. In a subsequent news release, Thompson claimed that "We have a nation of Manchurian Candidate video gamers out there who are ready, willing, and able to massacre, and some of them will."Benedetti, Windi.
Playing the Blame Game
". ''MSNBC.com'', 2008-02-18. Thompson also threatened the university with a lawsuit if the school did not provide copies of "all documents that reveal azmierczak'splay of violent videogames."Attorney Threatens NIU With Lawsuit Over Gunman’s Gaming History
". ''MyFoxNational Reports'', 2008-02-18.

Relationship with the gaming industry and gamers

Thompson's "high-profile crusades" have made him an enemy of video game aficionados. On occasion, Thompson has sparred directly with the gaming industry and its fans. In 2005, he wrote an open letter to Entertainment Software Association president Doug Lowenstein, making what he described as "a modest video game proposal" (an allusion to the title of Jonathan Swift's

satirical Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or e ...

essay, '' A Modest Proposal'') to the video game industry: Thompson said he would donate $10,000 to a charity designated by Take-Two CEO

Paul Eibeler Paul Eibeler was CEO of Take-Two Interactive between 2005 and 2007. Prior to this role, he served as president of the company between July 2000 and June 2003. Early life Eibler was born on July 26, 1955 in Hicksville, New York. He attended Holy ...

if any video game company would create a game including the scenario he described in the letter. The scenario called for the main character, whose son was killed by a boy who played violent video games, to murder a number of industry executives (including one modeled on Eibeler) and go on a killing spree at the

Electronic Entertainment Expo E3 (short for Electronic Entertainment Expo or Electronic Entertainment Experience in 2021) is a trade event for the video game industry. The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) organizes and presents E3, which many developers, publisher ...

. Video game fans promptly began working to take Thompson up on his offer, resulting in the game ''

I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator ''I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator'' is a 2006 freeware video game developed by Derek Yu, Chris Hanson, Philippe Jones, Alec Holowka and Christopher Howard Wolf. It was created as a satirical response to a challenge by anti-video game-violence acti ...

'', among others. Afterwards, he claimed that his proposal was satire, and refused to make the promised donation. Krahulik Holkins, Comicon 2009

In response, Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik, the creators of gaming webcomic ''

Penny Arcade ''Penny Arcade'' is a webcomic focused on video games and video game culture, written by Jerry Holkins and illustrated by Mike Krahulik. The comic debuted in 1998 on the website ''loonygames.com''. Since then, Holkins and Krahulik have establish ...

'' and of the children's charity Child's Play, stepped in to make the $10,000 donation instead, writing in the memo field of their cheque, "For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't." Afterwards, Thompson tried unsuccessfully to get Seattle police and the FBI to investigate Holkins and Krahulik for orchestrating "criminal harassment" of him through articles on their site.Kohler, Chris.
Jack Thompson Versus Gamers
." '' Wired News'', 2005-11-04. Other webcomics have regularly incorporated references to Thompson, alluding to this incident as well as others.For examples, see ''Ctrl+Alt+Del'' by Tim Buckley,
Bathing Suit Area
(2005-08-08) and
An Open Letter to Jack Thompson
(2005-10-12); '' GU Comics'' by Woody Hearn
August 16
an
October 18, 2005
; '' VG Cats'' by

Scott Ramsoomair ''VG Cats'' (short for ''Video Game Cats''"All About the Site"
''VG Cats''"Internet pro ...

,
Coco Beans in Warm Water
"; '' Bunny'' by Lem,
different reasons, same fun
" (2005-10-17); ''

Punks and Nerds Punk or punks may refer to: Genres, subculture, and related aspects * Punk rock, a music genre originating in the 1970s associated with various subgenres * Punk subculture, a subculture associated with punk rock, or aspects of the subculture su ...

'' by

Josh Mirman Josh is a masculine given name, frequently a diminutive (hypocorism) of the given names Joshua or Joseph, though since the 1970s, it has increasingly become a full name on its own. It may refer to: People A–J * "Josh", an early pseudonym of S ...

October 21, 2005
; '' PvP'' by Scott Kurtz
parody of complaint
o

; ''

Shortpacked! David M Willis (born April 3, 1979) is an American web cartoonist currently living in Columbus, Ohio. He is best known for his interconnected series of webcomics ''Roomies!'', ''It's Walky!'', ''Shortpacked!'', and ''Dumbing of Age''. Willis is a ...

'' by David Willis
October 24, 2005
. In 2006, two Michigan gamers began a project dubbed "Flowers for Jack", soliciting donations to deliver a massive floral arrangement to Thompson's office. The flowers were delivered in February along with a letter aimed at opening a dialogue between Thompson and the video gaming community. Thompson rejected this overture and forwarded the flowers to some of his industry foes, with such comments as "Discard them along with the decency you discarded long ago. I really don't care. Grind them up and smoke them if you like."Tilley, Steve. "New Windows Will Be Open to Halo 2." ''Toronto Sun'', 2006-02-12. Gamers have responded to Thompson's attempt to link the Virginia Tech massacre to the game ''Counter-Strike''. Video game Web sites and young gamers on Internet message boards "teemed with anger" at what '' San Francisco Chronicle'' reporter Peter Hartlaub called "his serial misstatements," in some cases linking to YouTube videos of Thompson and dissecting his claims point by point.Hartlaub, Peter.
Another tragedy, another platform for video game fearmonger
". ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 2007-04-24 Jason Della Rocca, executive director of the International Game Developers Association, said, "It's so sad. These massacre chasers—they're worse than

ambulance chaser Ambulance chasing, also known as capping, is a term which refers to a lawyer soliciting for clients at a disaster site. The term "ambulance chasing" comes from the stereotype of lawyers who follow ambulances to the emergency room to find clients. ...

s—they're waiting for these things to happen so they can jump on their soapbox." In response, Thompson referred to Della Rocca as an "idiot" and a "jackass ..paid not to connect the dots onnecting shootings to video games" and compared himself to people who warned that the government should be more concerned about terrorism before the

September 11, 2001 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial ...

.MSNBC, 2007-04-21, 8:42 AM. According to Della Rocca, Thompson then challenged him to a series of gaming debates, claiming that they could each make more than $3,000 per event. When Della Rocca suggested that neither he nor Thompson accept any money for the events, Thompson refused. In July 2009,

Entertainment Consumers Association Entertainment Consumers Association (ECA) is a United States-based non-partisan, non-government, non-profit organization dedicated to the interests of individuals who play computer and video games in the United States and Canada. History Hal H ...

(ECA) president

Hal Halpin Hal Halpin (born September 1, 1969) is an American computer game executive and entrepreneur, and is the president and founder of the Entertainment Consumers Association (ECA). Background Halpin is perhaps best known as the founder of the US vide ...

posted a copy of an email exchange between himself and Thompson, stating, "I get messages (IMs, emails, FB notes, etc.) from members all the time, asking what the (almost daily) notes are from JT. Since this one's fairly harmless and I've redacted anything personal (not that I don't love getting his threatening cease and desist letters), I thought I'd share it as a pretty typical exchange." Halpin and Thompson have been vocal opponents since 1998, when Halpin ran the game retail trade association IEMA. The exchange was sparked by a guest editorial that Halpin entitled, "Perception is Everything" for IndustryGamers.com where he called for consumers and the industry to speak out against negative stereotyping of gamers. In March 2011, in response to the creation of a school shooter mod entitled '' School Shooter: North American Tour 2012'', developed by Checkerboarded Studios on Valve's Source engine, Thompson emailed Valve's managing director, Gabe Newell, demanding that the mod be removed, as he speculated that Valve played a part in the mod's development. In the letter, Thompson stated that '' Half-Life'' was directly responsible for the

Erfurt school massacre The Erfurt massacre was a school shooting that occurred on 26 April 2002 at the Gutenberg-Gymnasium, a secondary school in Erfurt, Germany. 19-year-old expelled student Robert Steinhäuser shot and killed 16 people, including 13 staff members, ...

, as well as the Virginia Tech massacre and that Valve had until 5:00p.m. on March18 to remove the mod.

''The Howard Stern Show''

In 2004, Thompson helped get Howard Stern's show taken off a radio station in

Orlando, Florida Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Orange County, Florida, Orange County. In Central Florida, it is the center of the Greater Orlando, Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, acco ...

by filing a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission. Thompson objected to Stern's use of perceived obscenities on the air. He argued that "Either broadcasters will accept the light harness of decency that has been the law for decades and start cleaning up their acts, or the public's deepening outrage will foster a more fearsome governmental response."Thompson, Jack. "Why I Complain About Indecency." ''Broadcasting & Cable'', 2004-04-26. Thompson claimed to have received death threats from listeners of Stern's show, noting that "you'd expect that considering the IQ of people who listen to Howard Stern. Apparently they fail to realize that I might have caller ID."Mayo, Michael. "Puritanical Intolerance is Scarier Than Stern Himself." ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2004-04-18. During his opposition to Howard Stern, Thompson was asked in an interview with a reporter if, by his standards, he would blame Christianity for the murders committed by Michael Hernandez, a fourteen-year-old who murdered one of his classmates in 2004, because Hernandez wrote a diary in which he constantly spoke about praying to God. Thompson replied, "The Bible doesn't promote killing innocent people, ''Grand Theft Auto'' does. Islam does." Thompson then expanded his comments in the same interview by saying, "Islam promotes the killing of innocent people. The Quran requires the infidel, whether Jew or Christian, to be killed. ... That's a core essence of the religion. ... Muhammad was a pirate who killed infidels and who advocated the killing of infidels—not a nice guy.

Osama bin Laden Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (10 March 1957 – 2 May 2011) was a Saudi-born extremist militant who founded al-Qaeda and served as its leader from 1988 until Killing of Osama bin Laden, his death in 2011. Ideologically a Pan-Islamism ...

is in keeping with his fine tradition." He later spoke in defense of Stern during the latter's legal dispute with CBS over promoting Sirius on-air before his switch to satellite radio. Thompson contended that the technology added by CBS to edit out profanity also could have worked to edit out Stern's references to Sirius.Arango, Tim.
Decency crusader backs up Howard
." ''New York Post'', March 2, 2006. According to Thompson, "The reason why CBS chose not to edit Stern is that Stern's Arbitron ratings remained high and were arguably even enhanced by people tuning in to hear daily about Stern's running feud with CBS and his move to Sirius. In other words, CBS actually used Stern's discussion of his move to Sirius to make more money for CBS."Rosenthal, Phil. "The Chicago Tribune Phil Rosenthal Media column." ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', March 3, 2006. CBS President Leslie Moonves responded, saying "You know what? You can't let people like that tell you what to put on the air or what not to put on the air. That would only open the door when suddenly next week, he says, 'Take

David Letterman David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982 debut of ''Late Night with David Letterman' ...

off the air or take '' C.S.I.'' off the air.' Or you know what? '' Everybody Loves Raymond'' was about, you know, sex last week or about a 70-year-old man—you know, we dealt with

Peter Boyle Peter Lawrence Boyle (October 18, 1935 – December 12, 2006) was an American actor. Known as a character actor, he played Frank Barone on the CBS sitcom ''Everybody Loves Raymond'' and the comical monster in Mel Brooks' film spoof ''Young Fra ...

having sex with Doris Roberts. 'Take that off the air.' That's something we can't let happen."Brown, Tina. "Leslie Moonves discusses his work at Viacom and CBS." ''Topic A with Tina Brown'' CNBC, 2004-11-21.

The Florida Bar

Actions against the bar

In 1993, Thompson asked a Florida judge to declare The Florida Bar unconstitutional. He said that the Bar was engaged in a vendetta against him because of his religious beliefs, which he said conflicted with what he called the Bar's pro- gay, humanist, liberal agenda. He also said that the "wedding of all three functions of government into The Florida Bar, the 'official arm' of the

Florida Supreme Court The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven members: the chief justice and six justices. Six members are chosen from six districts around the state to foster geographic diversity, and one ...

, is violative of the bedrock constitutional requirement of the separation powers and the ' checks and balances' which the separation guarantees."Miami Review. "Suit Attacks Constitutionality of Bar." ''The Recorder'', 1992-06-11. Thompson accepted a $20,000 out-of-court settlement."In Brief: Lawyer Accepts $20,000 Bar Settlement." ''Miami Herald'', February 5, 1993. On January 7, 2002, Thompson sent the Supreme Court of Florida a letter regarding The Florida Bar's actions. The letter was filed with the court on January 10, 2002 and was treated as a petition for a writ of mandamus against The Florida Bar.''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', No. SC02-82 (Fla. 2002). Before any action was taken on the petition, Thompson sent the court another letter on January 28, 2002 voluntarily dismissing the case. The letter was filed with the court on January 30, 2002, and the Florida Supreme Court issued an order of dismissal on February 28, 2002.''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', 816 So.2d 130 (Fla. 2002) (decided without opinion). In January 2006, Thompson asked the

Justice Department A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...

to investigate The Florida Bar's actions. "The Florida Bar and its agents have engaged in a documented pattern of this illegal activity, which may sink to the level of criminal racketeering activity, in a knowing and illegal effort to chill my federal First Amendment rights," Thompson wrote in a letter to

Alex Acosta Rene Alexander Acosta (born January 16, 1969) is an American attorney and politician, who served as the 27th United States Secretary of Labor from 2017 to 2019. President Donald Trump nominated Acosta to be Labor Secretary on , and he was confir ...

, interim U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Florida.Jones, Carl.
Anti-porn crusader sues over Bar probe
." ''Broward Daily Business Review'', 2006-04-13. In April 2006, Thompson filed another suit against The Florida Bar, this time in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, alleging that the Bar harassed him by investigating what he called baseless complaints made by disgruntled opponents in previous disputes. His five-count complaint asked for more than $1 million in damages. The lawsuit alleged that the Bar was pursuing baseless ethics complaints brought against Thompson by Tew Cardenas attorneys Lawrence Kellogg and Alberto Cardenas of Miami, and by two lawyers from the Philadelphia office of

, in violation of Thompson's constitutional rights. According to the lawsuit, the Bar looked at Thompson for violations of a bar rule that prohibits attorneys from making disparaging remarks about judges, other attorneys, or court personnel. Thompson also filed a motion with the court to order the mediation of his dispute with the Bar. Thompson commented, "I enjoy doing what I do and I think I've got a First Amendment right to annoy people and participate in the public square in the cultural war." Thompson also said he is optimistic his federal lawsuit will be successful. "I'm 100 percent certain that it will effect change, otherwise I would not have filed it." On April 25, 2006, The Florida Bar filed a motion to dismiss Thompson's complaint. The Bar argued that Thompson's complaint should be dismissed for a number of reasons, including the fact that the complaint failed to state a claim on which he could be granted relief. The Bar also argued that it was absolutely immune from liability for actions arising out of its disciplinary functions, that the Eleventh Amendment barred Thompson's recovery of damages, and that the court should dismiss the case pursuant to the

abstention doctrine An abstention doctrine is any of several doctrines that a United States court may (or in some cases must) apply to refuse to hear a case if hearing the case would potentially intrude upon the powers of another court. Such doctrines are usually invo ...

of '' Younger v. Harris''. On May 4, 2006, Thompson filed a motion asking Judge

Federico Moreno Federico A. Moreno (born April 10, 1952) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. Early life and education Moreno was born in Caracas, Venezuela, the son of Francis ...

to recuse himself from the case, as Judge Moreno was a member of The Florida Bar. Citing an "abundance of caution," Judge Moreno recused himself on May 9, 2006 and referred the case to Chief Judge William Zloch for further action. Thompson did not, however, respond to the Bar's motion to dismiss the case. Finally, on May 17, 2006, Thompson filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal with the court, and the case was dismissed without prejudice.''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', No. CV-06-20945 (S.D. Fla. May 17, 2006).

Filings

In October 2007, then-Chief U.S. District Judge

sealed Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impr ...

court documents submitted by Thompson in the Bar case that depicted "gay sex acts." Thompson's submission prompted U.S. District Judge

Adalberto Jordan Adalberto Jose Jordan (born December 7, 1961) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of Miami School of L ...

to order Thompson to show cause why his actions should not be filed as a grievance with the court's Ad Hoc Committee on Attorney Admissions, Peer Review and Attorney Grievance, but the order was dismissed after Thompson promised not to file any more pornography. Thompson then sent letters to acting U.S. Attorney General

Peter Keisler Peter Douglas Keisler (born October 13, 1960) is an American lawyer whose 2006 nomination by President George W. Bush to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit became embroiled in partisan controversy. He is a part ...

and U.S. Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter demanding that Jordan be removed from his position for failing to prosecute Florida attorney Norm Kent, who Thompson claimed had "collaborated" with the Bar for 20 years to discipline him.Roberts, Alana.
Judge Defends Sealing of Electronically Filed Porn Images
". ''Daily Business Review'', 2007-10-22. In February 2008, the

ordered Thompson to show cause as to why it should not reject future court filings from him unless they are signed by another The Florida Bar member. The Florida Supreme Court described his filings as "repetitive, frivolous and insult

ng to Ng, ng, or NG may refer to: * Ng (name) (黄伍吳), a surname of Chinese origin Arts and entertainment * N-Gage (disambiguation), a handheld gaming system * Naked Giants, Seattle rock band * '' Spirit Hunter: NG'', a video game Businesses ...

the integrity of the court," particularly one in which Thompson, claiming concern about "the court's inability to comprehend his arguments," filed a motion which he called "A picture book for adults", including images of " swastikas, kangaroos in court, a reproduced dollar bill, cartoon squirrels,

Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and actor whose career has spanned six decades. He is one of the most acclaimed songwriters in popular music, both as a solo artist and as half of folk roc ...

Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, race car driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three ...

, Ray Charles, a handprint with the word 'slap' written under it, Bar Governor Benedict P. Kuehne, Ed Bradley, Jack Nicholson, Justice Clarence Thomas,

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

monkeys Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes, which constitutes an incomple ...

, nda house of cards." (see ) Thompson claimed that the order "wildly infringes" on his constitutional rights and was "a brazen attempt" to repeal the First Amendment right to petition the government to redress grievances. In response, he sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey, referring to the show-cause order as a criminal act done in retaliation for his seeking relief with the court.Roberts, Alana.
Anti-Porn Crusader May Face Sanctions for 'Meritless Filings.'
" ''Daily Business Review'', 2008-02-22. On March 20, 2008, the Florida Supreme Court imposed sanctions on Thompson, requiring that any of his future filings in the court be signed by a member of The Florida Bar other than himself. The court noted that Thompson had responded to the show cause order with multiple "rambling, argumentative, and contemptuous" responses that characterized the show cause order as "bizarre" and "idiotic."

Disbarment

In February 2007, The Florida Bar filed disbarment proceedings against Thompson over allegations of professional misconduct. The action was the result of separate grievances filed by people claiming that Thompson made defamatory, false statements and attempted to humiliate, embarrass, harass or intimidate them.Jones, K.C.
Grand Theft Auto Critic Faces Misconduct Charges
." ''InformationWeek'', 2007-02-06. According to the complaint, Thompson accused Alberto Cardenas of "distribution of pornography to children", claimed that the Alabama judge presiding over the Devin Moore case "breaks the rules, even the Alabama State Bar Rules, because he thinks that the rules don't apply to him", and sent a letter to Blank Rome's managing partner, saying, "Your law firm has actively and knowingly facilitated by various means the criminal distribution of sexual material to minors." Thompson claims that the complaints violate state religious protections because his advocacy is motivated by his Christian faith. In May 2008, Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Dava Tunis, after reviewing 2,400 pages of transcripts and 1,700 pages of exhibits, recommended that Thompson be found guilty of 27 of the 31 violations of which he had been accused, including making false statements to tribunals, disparaging and humiliating litigants and other lawyers, and improperly practicing law outside of Florida. Thompson filed a motion with the Florida Supreme Court the day after the report was issued to strike Tunis' recommendations as vague for lack of detail. Previously, Thompson had attempted to have Tunis thrown off his case, and filed a complaint against her with the state Judicial Qualifications Commission, which is responsible for investigating judges. On June 4, 2008, prosecutor Sheila Tuma recommended 'enhanced disbarment' for Thompson, saying that Thompson demonstrated continued misconduct, a pattern of misconduct and persistently failed to admit any wrongdoing. Enhanced disbarment lengthens the period before an attorney may reapply for admission to the bar from five years to ten. After being prevented from making a speech to begin the disciplinary hearing, Thompson distributed his written objections to lawyers, a court reporter, and a newspaper reporter, departed the courtroom, and called the proceedings against him a "

star chamber The Star Chamber (Latin: ''Camera stellata'') was an English court that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster, from the late to the mid-17th century (c. 1641), and was composed of Privy Counsellors and common-law judges, to supplement the judic ...

" and " kangaroo court". On July 8, 2008, Judge Tunis recommended permanent disbarment and a $43,675.35 fine for Thompson to the Florida Supreme Court, citing "cumulative misconduct, a repeated pattern of behavior relentlessly forced upon numerous unconnected individuals, a total lack of remorse or even slight acknowledgment of inappropriate conduct, and continued behavior consistent with the previous public reprimand... Over a very extended period of time involving a number of totally unrelated cases and individuals, the Respondent has demonstrated a pattern of conduct to strike out harshly, extensively, repeatedly and willfully to simply try to bring as much difficulty, distraction and anguish to those he considers in opposition to his causes... He does not proceed within the guidelines of appropriate professional behavior, but rather uses other means available to intimidate, harass, or bring public disrepute to those whom he perceives oppose him." The court approved the recommendation and fine on September 25, 2008, and ordered that Thompson be permanently disbarred effective 30 days from the date of the order so Thompson could close out his practice. He later filed for an emergency stay of the Florida Supreme Court's order with the U.S. District Court, which was ultimately denied. In an e-mail to media outlets, Thompson responded to the court's decision by stating, "The timing of this disbarment transparently reveals its motivation: this past Friday Thompson filed a federal civil rights action against The Bar, the Supreme Court, and all seven of its Justices. This rush to disbarment is in retribution for the filing of that federal suit. With enemies this foolish, Thompson needs only the loyal friends he has." He closed the email—in which he included the court ruling—with, "...this should be fun, starting now". On September 19, 2009, Thompson announced that he intended to resume practicing law as of October 1, 2009, claiming that he was "never disbarred" because all of the orders resulting in his disbarment were legal nullities. He dared The Florida Bar to get a court order to stop him.

Other activities

In 1992, a complaint from Thompson led Florida Secretary of State Jim Smith to withhold a $25,000 grant to the Miami Film Festival; Thompson claimed that the festival was using state money to show pornographic films.Cosford, Bill. "Film Fest Vs Porno-Police: It's Your Choice". ''Miami Herald'', 1992-03-19. In response, Thompson was named an "Art Censor of the Year" by the

ACLU The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1920 "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States". T ...

."Arts Censors of the Year". ''Miami Herald'', October 2, 1992. The next month, Thompson faced disbarment over allegations that he lied while making accusations against prominent Dade County lawyer Stuart Z Grossman.Wallace, Richard. "Anti-porn Crusader May Be Facing Disbarment". ''Miami Herald'', 1992-04-17. Thompson ultimately admitted violating bar rules of professional conduct, including charges that he contacted people represented by an attorney without first contacting their attorneys, and agreed to pay $3,000''The Florida Bar v. Thompson'', 605 So. 2d 1268 (Fla. 1992) (decided without opinion). in fines and receive a public reprimand."Lawyer Faces Fines, Reprimand to Resolve Case". ''Miami Herald'', August 4, 1992. In 1999, Thompson represented the parents of Bryce Kilduff, an 11-year-old boy who committed suicide by hanging himself. Police believed that the death was an accident, and that Kilduff was imitating Kenny, a character from the Comedy Central series ''

South Park ''South Park'' is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for Comedy Central. The series revolves around four boys Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormickand th ...

'', which Bryce, according to his parents, had never watched. Thompson called for Comedy Central to stop marketing the show and toys based on the series to children. "You see, the whole show—thrust of the show is it's—it's cool for kids to act like the characters in ''South Park''.""Antoinette Kilduff and Her Lawyer, John Thompson, Discuss Her Son Imitating the Cartoon Character Kenny From Popular Comedy Central's ''South Park'' and Hanging Himself". ''Today'', NBC, 1999-10-11. Prior to Thompson's disbarment, attorney Norm Kent filed a personal lawsuit against him, which eventually resulted in Thompson paying Kent $50,000 for defamation. Thompson reacted to the suit by threatening employees at one of Kent's clients, Beasley Broadcast Group, with lawsuits and depositions unless they got Kent to drop his case. In January 2005, Beasley hired attorney Lawrence A. Kellogg of law firm Tew Cardenas, LLP, to manage Thompson's threats. Because Kellogg delayed arranging a meeting with him, Thompson on March 17 began a campaign targeting the firm's name partner Al Cardenas, a former chair of the Republican Party of Florida, accusing him of personally being involved in "a statewide racketeering activity" in a letter sent to the media, Florida Attorney General

Charlie Crist Charles Joseph Crist Jr. (; born July 24, 1956) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011 and as the U.S. representative for from 2017 to 2022. Crist has been a member of the Democratic ...

, and Florida Governor Jeb Bush. Kellogg then filed a complaint to The Florida Bar that figured largely in Thompson's disbarment. On April 30, Thompson extended his campaign against Cardenas to an attempt at embarrassing him as a trustee of Florida A&M University, a historically black university. In an email sent to FAMU interim president

Castell V. Bryant Castell Vaughn Bryant was the interim president of Florida A&M University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), commonly known as Florida A&M, is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida. Foun ...

, the media, the FCC, and Governor Bush, he cites racist remarks made by a caller to '' The Howard Stern Show'' to suggest that Cardenas put "profit ahead of race relations", even though Beasley, which owned a station broadcasting Stern's show, was not among Al Cardenas's clients. On February 21, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the Florida Judicial Qualifications Commission against Judge Larry Seidlin, accusing Seidlin of "violating nearly every judicial canon" in conducting a hearing on the disposition of the body of

Anna Nicole Smith Anna Nicole Smith (born Vickie Lynn Hogan; November 28, 1967 – February 8, 2007) was an American model, actress, and television personality. Smith started her career as a ''Playboy'' magazine centerfold in May 1992 and won the title of 1993 ...

.McMahon, Paula.
Anna Nicole Smith's mother says she plans to appeal
". ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2007-02-23. On June 28, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the State Attorney's Office, asking for an investigation and possible prosecution regarding accusations that Seidlin inappropriately accepted expensive gifts.Alanez, Tonya.
Attorney's Office seeks investigation into allegations of wrongdoing by Broward Circuit Judge Larry Seidlin
. ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2007-06-30. In March 2008, Thompson called for the New York State Supreme Court's Appellate Division to immediately suspend the law license of former state governor

Eliot Spitzer Eliot Laurence Spitzer (born June 10, 1959) is an American politician and attorney. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he was the 54th governor of New York from 2007 until his resignation in 2008. Spitzer was b ...

, who had resigned from the position amidst reports he was a client of a prostitution ring. Thompson said that the Disciplinary Committee for the Appellate Division's First Department should stop Spitzer from practicing law until the matter was resolved, noting that Spitzer did not claim innocence in his initial public apology.Lawyer wants Spitzer suspended from NY bar
. ''Staten Island Live'', 2008-03-11. In an April 2016 interview with ''

Inverse Inverse or invert may refer to: Science and mathematics * Inverse (logic), a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence * Additive inverse (negation), the inverse of a number that, when ad ...

'', Thompson stated that he was teaching civics classes to inmates in the Florida prison system, including an American history and constitutional law class at the Everglades Correctional Institution.Wilbur, Brock.
Attorney Jack Thompson And His Personal Vendetta Against Video Games
". ''Inverse'', 2016-04-07.

Facebook lawsuit

Thompson filed a lawsuit for $40 million against Facebook in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida on September 29, 2009. Thompson claimed that the social networking site had caused him "great harm and distress" by not removing angry postings made by users in several Facebook groups. Thompson withdrew his case less than two months later. According to

Parry Aftab Parry Aftab is an Internet privacy and security lawyer, considered one of the founders of cyberlaw and founder of the world's largest and oldest cybersafety charity. Named by ''The Boston Herald'' as "the leading expert in cybercrime in the worl ...

, a cyber-law attorney, Thompson would likely not have had any success because the U.S.

Communications Decency Act The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) was the United States Congress's first notable attempt to regulate pornographic material on the Internet. In the 1997 landmark case ''Reno v. ACLU'', the United States Supreme Court unanimously struck ...

provides that companies such as Facebook have no liability for what users do with their services in most cases.

Bibliography

*''Out of Harm's Way''. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2005. .

References

External links

The Florida Bar's Member page of John Bruce Thompson

Jack Thompson versus Adam Sessler
on G4's '' Attack of the Show!''
Jack Thompson vs Paul Levinson
on CNBC *
Thompson interviewed on Free Talk Live
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Jack 1951 births Denison University alumni Living people American Christians Video game censorship Florida lawyers Lawyers from Cleveland Disbarred American lawyers Vanderbilt University alumni People from Coral Gables, Florida Activists from Ohio