Transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factors E12/E47), also known as TCF3, is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''TCF3''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
TCF3 has been shown to directly enhance Hes1 (a well-known target of
Notch signaling
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly Conserved sequence, conserved cell signaling system present in most animals. Mammals possess four different Notch proteins, notch receptors, referred to as NOTCH1, NOTCH2, Notch 3, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4. The ...
) expression.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the E protein (class I) family of
helix-loop-helix transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The fu ...
s. The 9aaTAD transactivation domains of E proteins and MLL are very similar and both bind to the KIX domain of general transcriptional mediator CBP. E proteins activate transcription by binding to regulatory E-box sequences on target genes as heterodimers or homodimers, and are inhibited by heterodimerization with inhibitor of DNA-binding (class IV) helix-loop-helix proteins. E proteins play a critical role in lymphopoiesis, and the encoded protein is required for
B and
T lymphocyte
A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell rec ...
development.
![Piskacek Figures v9b](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Piskacek_Figures_v9b.jpg)
This gene regulates many developmental patterning processes such as lymphocyte and central nervous system (CNS) development. E proteins are involved in the development of lymphocytes. They initiate transcription by binding to regulatory E-box sequences on target genes.
Clinical significance
Deletion of this gene or diminished activity of the encoded protein may play a role in
lymphoid
The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the immune system, and complementary to the circulatory system. It consists of a large network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic or lymphoid o ...
malignancies. This gene is also involved in several
chromosomal translocation
In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal-, and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translo ...
s that are associated with lymphoid malignancies including pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t(1;19), with PBX1 and t(17;19), with HLF),
childhood leukemia (t(19;19), with TFPT) and acute leukemia (t(12;19), with ZNF384).
Interactions
TCF3 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
CBFA2T3,
[
* ]CREBBP
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element Binding protein Binding Protein (CREB-binding protein), also known as CREBBP or CBP or KAT3A, is a coactivator encoded by the ''CREBBP'' gene in humans, located on chromosome 16p13.3. CBP has intri ...
,[
* ]ELK3
ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ELK3'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family and the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins i ...
,
* EP300
Histone acetyltransferase p300 also known as p300 HAT or E1A-associated protein p300 (where E1A = adenovirus early region 1A) also known as EP300 or p300 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ''EP300'' gene. It functions as histone ace ...
,[
* ]ID3
ID3 is a metadata container most often used in conjunction with the MP3 audio file format. It allows information such as the title, artist, album, track number, and other information about the file to be stored in the file itself.
There are tw ...
,
* LDB1
LIM domain-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LDB1'' gene.
Interactions
LDB1 has been shown to interact with LMO4, TCF3, TAL1
__NOTOC__
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (i.e. TAL1 but also termed stem c ...
,
* LMX1A
LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha, also known as LMX1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''LMX1A'' gene.
Function
Insulin is produced exclusively by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The level a ...
,
* LYL1
Protein lyl-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LYL1'' gene.
Interactions
LYL1 has been shown to interact with TCF3 and NFKB1
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFKB1'' gene. ...
,
* MAPKAPK3
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPKAPK3'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase functions as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP ki ...
,
* MyoD
MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, belongs to a family of proteins know ...
,
* Myogenin
Myogenin, is a transcriptional activator encoded by the MYOG gene.
Myogenin is a muscle-specific basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor involved in the coordination of skeletal muscle development or myogenesis and repair. Myogenin is ...
,
* PCAF
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), also known as K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), is a human gene and transcriptional coactivator associated with p53.
Structure
Several domains of PCAF can act independently or in unison to enable its funct ...
,
* TAL1
__NOTOC__
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (i.e. TAL1 but also termed stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute leukemia 1 .e. SCL/TAL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TAL1'' gene.
The protein encoded by TAL1 is a basic helix-lo ...
* TWIST1
Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) also known as class A basic helix–loop–helix protein 38 (bHLHa38) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''TWIST1'' gene.
Function
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) tr ...
, and
* UBE2I
SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2I'' gene. It is also sometimes referred to as "ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2I" or "ubiquitin carrier protein 9", even though these names do not accurately describe ...
.
References
Further reading
*
{{NLM content
Transcription factors