Subaru FA Engine
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The Subaru FA engine is a
gasoline Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic co ...
boxer-4 engine used in
Subaru ( or ; ) is the automaker, automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate (company), conglomerate Subaru Corporation (formerly known as Fuji Heavy Industries), the Automotive industry#By manufacturer, twenty-first ...
and
Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, however, efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability were the main goals of the FA engine. While the FA and FB engines share a common platform, the FA shares very little in dedicated parts with the FB engine, with a different block, head,
connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the cranksh ...
s, and pistons.


Development

The FA series engine was developed for the
Subaru BRZ The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru, manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant. The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally-aspirated boxer engine, front-engined, rear-wheel-drive confi ...
and the first FA engine, the FA20D, was designed to be mounted as low as possible and to minimize the polar moment of the chassis to improve dynamic response and handling. The FA engine features a shallower oil pan and shorter intake manifold to reduce overall engine height compared to the Subaru FB engine. The FA and FB engines share few parts. A direct injection-only turbo variant of the FA20, the FA20F, was introduced in late 2012 with the 2012 Legacy GT (for the Japanese market) and in the United States, the 2014 model year
Subaru Forester The is a compact crossover SUV that has been manufactured by Subaru since 1997. The first generation was built on the platform of the Impreza in the style of a taller station wagon, a style that continued to the second generation, while the thir ...
. Compression ratio for the turbo engine falls to 10.6:1 from 12.5:1 for the FA20D. A revised variant of the FA20F was introduced for the 2015 model year Subaru WRX; in this application, the camshafts,
rocker arm In the context of an internal combustion engine, a rocker arm is a valvetrain component that typically transfers the motion of a pushrod to the corresponding intake/exhaust valve. Rocker arms in automobiles are typically made from stamped steel ...
s, boost pressure,
intercooler An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Internal combustion engines Mo ...
, and exhaust were revised to increase peak output.


FA20

Compared to the FB20 engine, which is
undersquare In a reciprocating piston engine, the stroke ratio, defined by either bore/stroke ratio or stroke/bore ratio, is a term to describe the ratio between cylinder bore diameter and piston stroke length. This can be used for either an internal co ...
with an bore and stroke for swept displacement, the FA20 is perfectly square with an bore and stroke for swept displacement. The bore and stroke are also reminders of the heritage Toyota model AE86. ;Common parameters for all FA20 variants: * Displacement: * Bore: * Stroke:


FA20D

The FA20D features both direct and port injection (Toyota's D-4S injection system) and Subaru
AVCS The active valve control system (AVCS) is an automobile variable valve timing technology used by Subaru. It varies the timing of the valves by using hydraulic oil pressure to rotate the camshaft, known as "phasing", in order to provide optimal va ...
variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with varia ...
system. It is used in the
Subaru BRZ The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru, manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant. The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally-aspirated boxer engine, front-engined, rear-wheel-drive confi ...
, and is identified by a Toyota engine family code known as the 4U-GSE, which is installed in the Toyota 86 and the Scion FR-S. According to Subaru, 0W-20 oil is recommended. ''Wards Auto'' put the FA20D on their "10 Best Engines" list for 2013. *Compression Ratio: 12.5:1 * Application: 2012-2016 Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86 **Power: at 7,000 RPM **Torque: at 6,400-6,600 RPM * Application: 2017-2020 Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86 (manual transmission) **Power: at 7,000 RPM **Torque: at 6,400 RPM


FA20F

A version with Subaru's own direct fuel injection and twin-scroll
turbocharger In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...
was introduced in 2012. The FA20F was named to the ''Wards Auto'' "10 best engines" list in 2015 and 2016. *Compression Ratio: 10.6:1 *Assembly: Oizumi, Japan *Firing Order: 1-3-2-4 *2012-2014 JDM Subaru Legacy 2.0GT DIT, 2014+
Subaru Levorg The is a mid-size car manufactured since 2014 by Subaru. According to the company, the name Levorg is an acronym of three words, LEgacy, reVOlution, touRinG. The Levorg shares its platform with the Impreza, Legacy and WRX. The Levorg was fi ...
and 2015+ JDM Subaru WRX S4 **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-4,800 RPM *2014-2018 USDM
Subaru Forester The is a compact crossover SUV that has been manufactured by Subaru since 1997. The first generation was built on the platform of the Impreza in the style of a taller station wagon, a style that continued to the second generation, while the thir ...
badged as ''Forester XT'': **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-4,800 RPM *2014-2018 JDM
Subaru Forester The is a compact crossover SUV that has been manufactured by Subaru since 1997. The first generation was built on the platform of the Impreza in the style of a taller station wagon, a style that continued to the second generation, while the thir ...
badged as ''Forester XT'': **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-5,200 rpm *2015-2021 USDM Subaru WRX: **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-5,200 RPM **Rev Limit: 6700 RPM


FA24

;Common parameters for all FA24 variants: * Displacement: * Bore: * Stroke:


FA24F

The FA24F was introduced in 2018 initially for the 2019 model year
Subaru Ascent The is a mid-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by Subaru. In some markets, it is sold as the Subaru Evoltis. It is the largest automobile Subaru manufactures. The seven or eight-seat passenger SUV, with the design based on the ...
. The bore is increased compared to prior FA20 engines, increasing displacement to . The engine has an all aluminum head and block in order to keep weight and warm-up times low. Direct injection and a turbocharger are used to provide output comparable to a 6-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, and the FA24 uses "regular" (87 AKI) fuel. At the 2019 Chicago Auto Show, Subaru unveiled the 2020 model year Subaru Legacy sedan, available starting in fall 2019 and featuring the FA24 as the uplevel engine option. The 2020 model year Subaru Outback also featured the FA24 as the uplevel option. *Compression Ratio: 10.6:1 *2019+ USDM
Subaru Ascent The is a mid-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by Subaru. In some markets, it is sold as the Subaru Evoltis. It is the largest automobile Subaru manufactures. The seven or eight-seat passenger SUV, with the design based on the ...
, 2020+ USDM
Subaru Legacy The is a mid-size car built by Japanese automobile manufacturer Subaru since 1989. The maker's flagship car, it is unique in its class for offering all-wheel drive as a standard feature, and Subaru's traditional boxer engine. The Legacy was sold ...
badged as ''Legacy XT'', and 2020+ USDM
Subaru Outback The Subaru Outback is an automotive nameplate used by the Japanese automaker Subaru for two different vehicles: a crossover station wagon, the Outback (1994–present, also sold as in some markets), and an Impreza-derived hatchback, the Outback ...
badged as ''Outback XT'' **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-4,800 RPM *2022+ Subaru WRX **Power: at 5,600 RPM **Torque: at 2,000-4,800 RPM *2022+ Subaru Levorg/WRX Sportswagon/WRX GT


FA24D

Like the preceding FA20D, the FA24D uses the Toyota D-4S fuel injection system, which combines
direct Direct may refer to: Mathematics * Directed set, in order theory * Direct limit of (pre), sheaves * Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces Computing * Direct access (disambiguation), a ...
and
port injection Manifold injection is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines with external mixture formation. It is commonly used in engines with spark ignition that use petrol as fuel, such as the Otto cycle, Otto engine, and the Wankel engin ...
. It has the same displacement as the FA24F turbocharged engine with an identical 94×86 mm bore and stroke, but the compression level is increased to 12.5:1. Fitting the existing FA24F, with its bottom-mounted turbo, to the second generation Subaru BRZ/Toyota 86 would have required raising the price and overall center of gravity, so natural aspiration was chosen instead. The torque curve was revised, with peak torque coming at a lower engine speed in the FA24D, and without the significant torque decrease between 3,000–5,000 RPM exhibited by the FA20D, which resulted from tuning that engine for fuel economy. In addition, an
oil cooler Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant, typically to remove surplus heat from an internal combustion engine. The hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then usually passes through a heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator kno ...
has been added to the engine. *Compression Ratio: 12.5:1 *2022+
Subaru BRZ The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru, manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant. The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally-aspirated boxer engine, front-engined, rear-wheel-drive confi ...
/
Toyota GR86 The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru, manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant. The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally-aspirated boxer engine, front-engined, rear-wheel-drive confi ...
**Power: at 7,000 RPM **Torque: at 3,700 RPM


References


External links

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Subaru FA engine The Subaru FA engine is a gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru and Toyota automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, however, efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability were the main goals of the FA engine. While the FA and F ...
) * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Subaru Fa Engine Subaru engines Boxer engines Gasoline engines by model Four-cylinder engines