South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
West Bengal
West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...
, headquartered in
Alipore. It is the largest district of West Bengal by area and second largest by population. It is the sixth most populous district in India (out of 640). On one side of the district there is the
urban fringe
Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to:
* Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas
* Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities
Urban may also refer to:
General
* Urban (name), a list of people ...
of
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
, and on the other the remote riverine villages in the
Sundarbans
Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly R ...
.
History
Originally, the capital of Raja Bikramaditya and
Maharaja Pratapaditya was at Dhumghat. Later it was transferred to
Ishwaripur (Originated from the name Jeshoreshwaripur).
Maharaja Pratapaditya declared the independence of
South Bengal
South Bengal ( bn, দক্ষিণবঙ্গ/দক্ষিণ বাংলা) is a term used for the southern parts of Bengal including Southern Bangladesh and Southern West Bengal, state in India.
The Bangladesh part denotes the Khulna ...
from the
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...
.
Pratapaditya's father Shrihari (Shridhar), a
Kayastha, was an influential officer in the service of
Daud Khan Karrani
Daud Khan Karrani (died on 12 July 1576) was the last ruler of Bengal's Karrani dynasty as well as the final Sultan of Bengal, reigning from 1572 to 1576. During the reign of his father Sulaiman Khan Karrani, Daud commanded a massive army of 40 ...
. Upon the fall of Daud, he fled with the government treasure in his custody. He then, in 1574, set up a kingdom for himself in the marshy land to the extreme south of
Khulna district and took the title of
Maharaja
Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or " high king".
A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire, a ...
. Pratapaditya inherited the kingship in 1574. The
Baharistan and travel diary of Abdul Latif, and the contemporary European writers, testify to Pratapaditya's personal ability, political pre-eminence, material resources and martial strength, particularly in war-boats. His territories covered the greater part of what is now included in the greater
Jessore,
Khulna and
Barisal
Barisal ( or ; bn, বরিশাল, ), officially known as Barishal, is a major city that lies on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in south-central Bangladesh. It is the largest city and the administrative headquarter of both Barisal Di ...
districts. He established his capital at Dhumghat, a strategic position at the confluence of the
Jamuna and
Ichhamati rivers.
Among the Bengal
zamindar
A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as ...
s, Pratapaditya was the first to send his envoy to
Islam Khan Chisti
Shaikh Alauddin Chisti (1570–1613; known as Islam Khan Chisti) was a Mughal general and the Subahdar of Bengal. He transferred the capital of Bengal from Rajmahal to Dhaka and renamed it Jahangirnagar. He was awarded the titular name of Islam ...
with a large gift to win the favour of the Mughals, and then, in 1609, tendered personal submission to the
Subahdar. He promised military assistance and personal service in the Mughal campaign against
Musa Khan, a pledge he did not keep. To punish Pratapaditya for his disloyalty and to subjugate his territory, a large expedition was launched under the command of Ghiyas Khan, which soon reached Salka, near the confluence of the Jamuna and Ichhamati, in 1611. Pratapaditya equipped a strong army and fleet and placed them under expert officers. His eldest son
Udayaditya
Udayaditya (reigned c. 1070–1093) was a Paramara ruler of Malwa region of central India, who succeeded Jayasimha I. He was succeeded by his son, either Lakshmadeva or Naravarman.
Ascension
Udayaditya was a brother of Bhoja, the most re ...
constructed an almost impregnable fort at Salka with natural barriers on three sides. In battle, the Jessore fleet gained an initial advantage but the imperial army cut off the Jessore fleet, made a breach in its ranks and broke its unity and discipline. In the melee that followed, the admiral, Khwaja Kamal, was killed. Udayaditya lost heart and hastily fled to his father, narrowly escaping capture.
Pratapaditya prepared himself to fight a second time from a new base near the confluence of the Kagarghat canal and the Jamuna river. He constructed a fort and gathered all his available forces there. The imperialists began the battle on January, 1612 with an attack on the Jessore fleet, compelling it to seek shelter beneath the fort. But their advance was checked by the heavy cannonade of the Jessore artillery. However, a sudden attack by the imperialists completely defeated the Jessore fleet and they fell upon the fort with elephants in front, compelling Pratapaditya to evacuate the fort and retreat.
This second defeat sealed the fate of Pratapaditya. At Kagarghat he tendered submission to Ghiyas Khan, who personally escorted Pratapaditya to Islam Khan at
Dhaka
Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest Bengali-speaking city. It is the eighth largest and sixth most densely populated city i ...
. The Jessore king was put in chains and his kingdom was annexed. Pratapaditya was kept confined at Dhaka. No authentic information is available regarding his last days, however, he probably died as a prisoner at
Benares
Varanasi (; ; also Banaras or Benares (; ), and Kashi.) is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world.
*
*
*
* The city has a syncretic tra ...
, on his way to
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders ...
.
Administration
The district comprises five subdivisions:
Alipore Sadar,
Baruipur,
Canning,
Diamond Harbour and
Kakdwip
Kakdwip () is a town of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is the headquarters of the Kakdwip subdivision.
History
When the Tebhaga movement broke ou ...
.
Alipore is the district headquarters. There are 33 police stations, 29 community development blocks, 7 municipalities and 312
gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bo ...
s in the district.
Other than the municipality areas, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and
census towns. In total there are 118 urban units: 7 municipalities and 111 census towns.
Alipore Sadar Subdivision
The Alipore Sadar subdivision consists of:
* Three municipalities:
Maheshtala
Maheshtala () is a city and a municipality of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development ...
,
Budge Budge and
Pujali.
*
Bishnupur I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eleven gram panchayats and four census towns:
Daulatpur,
Bhasa,
Bishnupur and
Kanyanagar.
*
Bishnupur II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eleven gram panchayats and eleven census towns:
Nahazari
Nahazari is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geograph ...
,
Nadabhanga
Nadabhanga is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview
T ...
,
Kanganbaria
Kanganbaria is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geogr ...
,
Bora Gagangohalia
Bora Gagangohalia is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area ove ...
,
Chanddandaha
Chanddandaha is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview ...
,
Barkalikapur
Barkalikapur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview ...
,
Patharberia
Patharberia is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geogr ...
,
Ramkrishnapur,
Amtala
Amtala is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview
The ...
,
Kriparampur and
Chak Enayetnagar
Chak Enayetnagar is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
...
.
*
Budge Budge I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with six gram panchayats and seven census towns:
Uttar Raypur
Uttar Raypur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Budge Budge police station in the Budge Budge I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
G ...
,
Balarampur,
Buita
Buita is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Budge Budge police station in the Budge Budge I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geograph ...
,
Benjanhari Acharial (P),
Abhirampur
Abhirampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Budge Budge police station in the Budge Budge I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area over ...
,
Nischintapur and
Birlapur
Birlapur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Budge Budge police station in the Budge Budge I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Birlapur was found ...
.
*
Budge Budge II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eleven gram panchayats and five census towns:
Chak Kashipur
Chak Kashipur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overv ...
,
Chak Alampur
Chak Alampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overvi ...
,
Bowali
Bawali is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
The Mondals, the zami ...
,
Dakshin Raypur
Dakshin Raypur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area over ...
and
Poali
Poali is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview
Alip ...
.
*
Thakurpukur Maheshtala, a community development block consisting of rural areas with six gram panchayats and nine census towns:
Joka,
Chata Kalikapur,
Ganye Gangadharpur,
Rameswarpur,
Asuti,
Hanspukuria,
Kalua,
Ramchandrapur and
Samali.
Baruipur Subdivision
The Baruipur subdivision consists of:
* Three municipalities:
Rajpur Sonarpur
Rajpur Sonarpur () is a city and a municipality of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Rajpur and Sonarpur are two separat ...
,
Baruipur and
Jaynagar Majilpur.
*
Baruipur, a community development block consisting of rural areas with nineteen gram panchayats and twelve census towns:
Petua,
Garia
Garia ( Bengali:গড়িয়া) is a neighborhood in southern Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Jadavpur in the north, Bansdroni/Tollygunge in the north-west, Santoshpur/ Mukundapur in the north-east a ...
,
Panchghara,
Mallikpur,
Hariharpur,
Champahati,
Solgohalia,
Naridana,
Baruipur (P),
Salipur (P),
Khodar Bazar and
Komarhat.
*
Bhangar I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with nine gram panchayats and three census towns:
Maricha
In the Hindu epic ''Ramayana'', Maricha, or Mareecha (Sanskrit: मारीच, IAST: ) is a demon, who was killed by Rama, the hero of the epic and an avatar of Lord Vishnu. He is mentioned as an ally of Ravana, the antagonist of the epic. Hi ...
,
Bhangar Raghunathpur
Bhangar Raghunathpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bhangar police station in the Bhangar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overvie ...
and
Gobindapur.
*
Bhangar II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only ten gram panchayats.
*
Jaynagar I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with twelve gram panchayats and six census towns:
Raynagar,
Kalikapur Barasat,
Baharu,
Uttarparanij,
Alipur and
Uttar Durgapur.
*
Jaynagar II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with ten gram panchayats and two census towns:
Nimpith and
Tulshighata.
*
Kultali, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only nine gram panchayats.
*
Sonarpur, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eleven gram panchayats and seven census towns:
Radhanagar,
Danga,
Ramchandrapur,
Bidyadharpur,
Kalikapur,
Chak Baria
Chak Baria is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Sonarpur police station in the Sonarpur CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview
Baruipur su ...
and
Sahebpur
Sahebpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Sonarpur police station in the Sonarpur CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area overview
Baruipur subd ...
.
Canning Subdivision
The Canning subdivision consists of:
*
Basanti, a community development block consisting of rural areas with thirteen gram panchayats and one census town:
Basanti.
*
Canning I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with ten gram panchayats and eight census towns:
Kalaria,
Gaur Daha,
Banshra
Bansra is a census town in the Raniganj CD block of the Asansol Sadar subdivision in the Paschim Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Geography
Location
Bansra is located at .
Jemari (J.K. Nagar Township), Belebathan, M ...
,
Rajapur,
Taldi,
Bayarsingh,
Matla and
Dighirpar.
*
Canning II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with nine gram panchayats and one census town:
Makhal Tala.
*
Gosaba, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only fourteen gram panchayats.
Diamond Harbour Subdivision
The Diamond Harbour subdivision consists of:
* One municipality:
Diamond Harbour
*
Diamond Harbour I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eight gram panchayats and four census towns:
Masat,
Sangrampur,
Mohanpur and
Durganagar.
*
Diamond Harbour II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eight gram panchayats and one census town:
Patdaha.
*
Falta, a community development block consisting of rural areas with thirteen gram panchayats and four census towns:
Hasimnagar,
Baneshwarpur,
Chandpala Anantapathpur and
Fatepur.
*
Kulpi
Kulpi is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Kulpi police station in the Kulpi CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
In the 18th c ...
, a community development block consisting of rural areas with fourteen gram panchayats and two census towns:
Berandari Bagaria and
Dhola.
*
Magrahat I, a community development block consisting of rural areas with eleven gram panchayats and nine census towns:
Ajodhyanagar,
Sirakol,
Uttar Bishnupur,
Ghola Noapara,
Usthi,
Barijpur,
Uttar Kusum,
Kalikapota and
Bamna
Bamna is a locality village situated about 8 km south - west from its Taluka headquarters Bhiloda and lies on the bank of Hatmati Dam. It falls under the newly formed Aravali district Jurisdiction of Gujarat.
It is well known as the vill ...
.
*
Magrahat II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with fourteen gram panchayats and eight census towns:
Dhamua,
Shyampur,
Nainan,
Uttar Kalas,
Dihi Kalas,
Swangrampur,
Bilandapur and
Magrahat.
*
Mandirbazar
Mandirbazar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal.
Geography
Mandirbazar CD block is located at . It has an avera ...
, a community development block consisting of rural areas with ten gram panchayats and three census towns:
Chandpur,
Bangsidharpur
Bangsidharpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area ov ...
and
Purba Bishnupur
Purba Bishnupur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Area ...
.
*
Mathurapur I
Mathurapur I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal.
Geography
Mathurapur I CD block is located at . It has an aver ...
, a community development block consisting of rural areas with ten gram panchayats and four census towns:
Purba Ranaghat,
Lalpur,
Krishna Chandrapur and
Mathurapur.
*
Mathurapur II, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only eleven gram panchayats.
Kakdwip Subdivision
The Kakdwip subdivision consists of:
*
Kakdwip
Kakdwip () is a town of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is the headquarters of the Kakdwip subdivision.
History
When the Tebhaga movement broke ou ...
, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only eleven gram panchayats.
*
Namkhana, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only seven gram panchayats.
*
Patharpratima, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only fifteen gram panchayats.
*
Sagar, a community development block consisting of rural areas with only nine gram panchayats.
Representation
Parliamentary Constituencies
The district has five parliamentary constituencies:
#
Jaynagar (SC) (parliamentary constituency no. 19)
#
Mathurapur (SC) (parliamentary constituency no. 20)
#
Diamond Harbour (parliamentary constituency no. 21)
#
Jadavpur
Jadavpur is a southern neighbourhood of Kolkata in the district of Kolkata of West Bengal, India. Jadavpur is one of the important junctions in South Kolkata. Jadavpur University and a number of research institutes of national and internation ...
(parliamentary constituency no. 22)
#
Kolkata Dakshin (parliamentary constituency no. 23)
Assembly Constituencies
1997 to 2008
Based on the 1991 census, the district was divided into thirty-two
legislative assembly constituencies
#
Gosaba (SC) (assembly constituency no. 100)
#
Basanti (SC) (assembly constituency no. 101)
#
Kultali (SC) (assembly constituency no. 102)
#
Jaynagar
Jaynagar Majilpur () is a town and a municipality of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated in the southern suburbs of Kolkata. As an urban setup in the vicinity of Kolkata, the town is within the ar ...
(assembly constituency no. 103)
#
Baruipur (assembly constituency no. 104)
#
Canning Paschim (SC) (assembly constituency no. 105)
#
Canning Purba
Canning Purba Assembly constituency is a Legislative Assembly constituency of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal.
Overview
As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the Delimitation of constituencie ...
(assembly constituency no. 106)
#
Bhangar (assembly constituency no. 107)
#
Sonarpur (SC) (assembly constituency no. 109)
#
Bishnupur Purba (SC) (assembly constituency no. 110)
#
Bishnupur Paschim (assembly constituency no. 111)
#
Behala Purba
Behala Purba Assembly constituency is a Legislative Assembly constituency of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Overview
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 153 Behala Purba Assembly constituency is ...
(assembly constituency no. 112)
#
Behala Paschim (assembly constituency no. 113)
#
Garden Reach
Garden Reach is a neighbourhood of the city of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. It is situated in the south-western part of Kolkata near the bank of the Hooghly River. (assembly constituency no. 114)
#
Maheshtala
Maheshtala () is a city and a municipality of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development ...
(assembly constituency no. 115)
#
Budge Budge (assembly constituency no. 116)
#
Satgachhia (assembly constituency no. 117)
#
Falta (assembly constituency no. 118)
#
Diamond Harbour (assembly constituency no. 119)
#
Magrahat Paschim (assembly constituency no. 120)
#
Magrahat Purba (SC) (assembly constituency no. 121)
#
Mandirbazar (SC) (assembly constituency no. 122)
#
Mathurapur (assembly constituency no. 123)
#
Kulpi (SC) (assembly constituency no. 124)
#
Patharpratima (assembly constituency no. 125)
#
Kakdwip
Kakdwip () is a town of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River. It is the headquarters of the Kakdwip subdivision.
History
When the Tebhaga movement broke ou ...
(assembly constituency no. 126)
#
Sagar (assembly constituency no. 127)
#
Jadavpur
Jadavpur is a southern neighbourhood of Kolkata in the district of Kolkata of West Bengal, India. Jadavpur is one of the important junctions in South Kolkata. Jadavpur University and a number of research institutes of national and internation ...
(assembly constituency no. 108)
#
Tollyganj (assembly constituency no. 150)
#
Alipore (assembly constituency no. 148)
#
Dhakuria
Dhakuria is a locality in the city of Kolkata, (previously Calcutta), in West Bengal, India.
It is located in the southern part of the city and is surrounded by Ballygunge and Kasba in the north, Haltu in the east, Jadavpur/ Garia in the sout ...
(assembly constituency no. 151)
#
Kabitirtha (assembly constituency no. 147)
Gosaba, Basanti, Kultali, Canning Paschim, Sonarpur, Bishnupur Purba, Magrahat Purba, Mandirbazar and Kulpi constituencies are reserved for
Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with one assembly constituency from
North 24 Parganas district, Gosaba, Basanti, Kultali, Jaynagar, Canning Paschim and Canning Purba assembly constituencies form the
Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency), which is reserved for
Scheduled Castes (SC). Baruipur, Bishnupur Purba, Kabitirtha, Jadavpur, Behala Paschim, Behala Purba and Magrahat Paschim constituencies form the
Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency). Bishnupur Paschim, Garden Reach, Maheshtala, Budge Budge, Satgachhia, Falta and Diamond Harbour constituencies form the
Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)
Diamond Harbour Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 Parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Diamond Harbour in West Bengal. All the seven legislative assembly segments of No. 21 Diamond Harbour Lok Sabha constitu ...
. Magrahat Purba, Mandirbazar, Mathurapur, Kulpi, Patharpratima, Kakdwip and Sagar constituencies form the
Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency), which is reserved for
Scheduled Castes (SC). Along with six assembly segments from
North 24 Parganas district, Bhangar assembly constituency forms the
Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency). Along with three assembly constituencies from
Kolkata district
Kolkata district (formerly known as Calcutta district) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Kolkata.
History
Long before the British came to India, the ''zamindari'' (land lordship) of all lands from Barisha to ...
, Alipore, Dhakuria, Tollyganj, Sonarpur form the
Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)
Kolkata Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency (earlier known as Calcutta South Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in India. The constituency centres on the southern part of Kolkata in West Bengal. While f ...
.
2008 to Date
In the 2008 order of the
Delimitation Commission in respect of the
delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district was divided into thirty-one assembly constituencies. Baruipur Purba, Basanti, Bishnupur, Canning Paschim, Gosaba, Kultali, Jaynagar, Magrahat Purba and Mandirbazar constituencies are reserved for
Scheduled Castes (SC) candidates.
Demographics
According to the
2011 census of India
The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
, South 24 Parganas district had a total population of 8,161,961,
roughly equal to the nation of
Honduras or the US state of
Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
. This made in the 6th most populous district in India out of a total of 640.
The district had a population density of .
Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 18.05%.
South 24 Parganas had a
sex ratio
The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species d ...
of 949
females
Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction.
A female has larger gametes than a male. Females ...
for every 1000 males,
and a
literacy rate of 78.57%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 24,64,032 (30.19%) and 96,976 (1.19%) of the population respectively.
Religion
Hindus are the majority community in most of the district. Scheduled Castes make up nearly half the Hindu population and the majority of rural Hindus. The most populous Scheduled Castes are
Poundras and
Namashudras. The proportion of Hindus is maximum in the coastal south of the district, especially in the Sunderbans bordering Bangladesh.
Muslims have a greater concentration in the north and west of the district, especially in the rural areas surrounding Kolkata. There are seven Muslim-majority blocks: Bhangar I (67.38%), Bhangar II (70.49%), Canning II (67.08%), Magrahat I (50.01%), Magrahat II (57.80%), Diamond Harbour I (52.16%) and Jaynagar II (52.23%). Several other blocks have large Muslim minorities: Budge Budge I (47.39%), Bishnupur II (37.59%), Canning I (37.49%), Bauripur (36.96%), Falta (35.00%), Diamond Harbour II (39.68%), Kulpi (40.60%), Mandirbazar (37.65%), Mathurapur (40.41%), Jaynagar I (46.86%) and Basanti (44.87%). Christians are also present in small numbers, and have their highest concentration in Thakurpukur Maheshtola where they are 8.84% of the rural population.
Language
Nearly the entire population speaks
Bengali. There is a small number of
Hindi
Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...
speakers who live in the suburbs of Kolkata.
Flora and fauna
In 1984, South 24 Parganas district became home to
Sundarbans National Park
The Sundarbans National Park is a national park, tiger reserve and biosphere reserve in West Bengal, India. It is part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta and adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh. It is located to south-w ...
, which has an area of .
It shares the park with
North 24 Parganas district and is also home to four
wildlife sanctuaries:
Haliday Island,
Lothian Island,
Narendrapur
Narendrapur is a neighbourhood in the Rajpur Sonarpur of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Geography
Area overview
Bar ...
, and
Sajnekhali.
Sundarbans
Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly R ...
, formerly
Sunderbunds, is a vast tract of forest and saltwater swamp forming the lower part of the
Ganges Delta and extending about along the
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...
from the
Hooghly River Estuary in the north to the
Meghna River Estuary in
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
in the east. The whole tract reaches inland for 100 to 130 kilometres (60– to 80 miles).
A network of estuaries, tidal rivers, and creeks intersected by numerous channels, it encloses flat, marshy islands covered with dense forests. The name
Sundarban
Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly Ri ...
s is perhaps derived from the word meaning "forest of sundari," a reference to the large mangrove tree that provides valuable fuel. Along the coast the forest passes into a
mangrove swamp; the southern region, with numerous wild animals and crocodile-infested estuaries, is virtually uninhabited. It is one of the last preserves of the
Royal Bengal tiger
The Bengal tiger is a population of the '' Panthera tigris tigris'' subspecies. It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today. It is considered to belong to the world's charismatic megafauna.
The tiger is estimated to have been present i ...
and the site of a tiger preservation project. The cultivated northern area yields rice, sugarcane, timber, and betel nuts.
The region is also famous for some commonly domesticated livestock breeds which includes the Garole breed of sheep and China hens or
Muscovy ducks, the Garole sheep is considered as the progenitor of the
Booroola merino sheep and is noted for its prolific character. However, the wool of the sheep which can be a valuable natural asset does not find any use among the natives.
Bakkhali
Bakkhali is a village within the jurisdiction of the Namkhana police station in the Namkhana CD block in the Kakdwip subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
History
Sir Andrew Fraser, Lieutenant Go ...
beach resort, located on one of the islands jutting out into the
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...
, is gaining in popularity, with improvements in transport links with
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
. The area has been declared as world heritage site by the UNESCO. Boat tours are provided at many places in the region.
Economy
Agriculture, Industry and
Pisciculture are all at their peak in the district. On the west side of the district is the
Falta Special Economic Zone (SEZ), which houses various types of industry.
In 2006, the
Ministry of Panchayati Raj named South 24 Parganas one of the country's 250
most backward districts (out of a total of 640).
Education
South 24 Parganas district had a literacy rate of 77.51% as per the provisional figures of the census of India 2011. Alipore Sadar subdivision had a literacy rate of 81.14%, Baruipur subdivision 77.45%, Canning subdivision 70.98%, Diamond Harbour subdivision 76.26% and Kakdwip subdivision 82.04%
Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in South 24 Parganas district, with data for the year 2013–14:
[
.* Does not include data for portions of South 24 Parganas district functioning under Kolkata Municipal Corporation
]
Healthcare
The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in South 24 Parganas district.
Note: The district data does not include data for portions of South 24 Parganas district functioning under Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The number of doctors exclude private bodies.
References
External links
*
See also
* List of districts of West Bengal
* List of districts in India
{{DEFAULTSORT:South 24 Parganas District
Districts of West Bengal
Minority Concentrated Districts in India
1986 establishments in West Bengal