This bibliography of sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of
sociology
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation and ...
. Some of the works are selected from general anthologies of sociology, while other works are selected because they are notable enough to be mentioned in a general history of sociology or one of its subdisciplines.See Michie, Jonathan, ed. 2001. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences''.
Sociology studies
society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societi ...
using various methods of empirical investigation to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and
social structure
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally rel ...
._1867.__[''Das_Kapital.html" ;"title="A_General_View_of_Positivism''
*Karl_Marx.html" "title="A_General_View_of_Positivism''.html" ;"title="A_General_View_of_Positivism.html" ;"title="'A General View of Positivism">'A General View of Positivism''">A_General_View_of_Positivism.html" ;"title="'A General View of Positivism">'A General View of Positivism''
*Karl Marx">Marx, Karl
Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...
. 1867. [''Das Kapital">Capital: A Critique of Political Economy''].
*Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels, Engels, Friedrich. 1846. [''The German Ideology''].
* Weber, Max. 1904. [''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism''].
**Putting forward a thesis that
Puritan
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. ...
ethic
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ma ...
and
idea
In common usage and in philosophy, ideas are the results of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. ...
s had influenced the development of
capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private pr ...
, Weber observes religious devotion to usually be accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. Weber addresses the
paradox
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically u ...
of why this was not the case within
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
*1893. 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''Durkheim, Emile. 1997 [1893]. ''The Division of Labour in Society'' (1st ed.). New York: Free Press. .
*1897. Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''Durkheim, Emile. 1997 897 ''Suicide: A Study in Sociology''. New York: Free Press. .
**A case study of suicide rates amongst
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
,
Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to ...
and
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
populations, distinguished sociological analysis from psychology or philosophy. Also a major contribution to
structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
This approach looks at society through a macro-level o ...
.
*1912. 'The_Elementary_Forms_of_the_Religious_Life''.html" ;"title="The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''Cladis, Mark S., ed. 2008. ''The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life'' (reissue ed.), by Emile Durkheim, translated by C. Cosman. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
*1919. [''The Rules of Sociological Method''].
economic
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the p ...
phenomena. While overlapping with the general study of economics at times, economic sociology chiefly concentrates on the roles of social relations and institutions.
* Boltanski, Luc, and Ève Chiapello. 2005. ''The New Spirit of Capitalism''.
*Boltanski, Luc, and Laurent Thévenot. 2006. ''On Justification. The Economies of Worth''.
* de Tocqueville, Alexis. 1835/1840. On_Democracy_in_America''.html" ;"title="Democracy in America">On Democracy in America''">Democracy in America">On Democracy in America''1 & 2.
*— 1856. The_Old_Regime_and_the_French_Revolution''.html" ;"title="The Old Regime and the Revolution">The Old Regime and the French Revolution''">The Old Regime and the Revolution">The Old Regime and the French Revolution''
* Durkheim, Emile. 1893. 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html"_;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''
* 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html"_;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''
*Mark_Granovetter">Granovetter,_Mark._1985._"Economic_Action_and_Social_Structure:_The_Problem_of_Embeddedness."_''American_Journal_of_Sociology.html" ;"title="Mark_Granovetter.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">' 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''
*Mark_Granovetter">Granovetter,_Mark._1985._"Economic_Action_and_Social_Structure:_The_Problem_of_Embeddedness."_''American_Journal_of_Sociology">The_American_Journal_of_Sociology''_91(3):481–510.
*Albert_O._Hirschman.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''
*Mark Granovetter">Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." ''American Journal of Sociology">The American Journal of Sociology'' 91(3):481–510.
*Albert O. Hirschman">Hirschman, Albert O. 1982. "Rival Interpretations of Market Society: Civilizing, Destructive, or Feeble?" ''Journal of Economic Literature'' 20(4):1463–84.
*Polanyi, Karl. 1944. ''The Great Transformation (book), The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time''.
*Georg Simmel, Simmel, George. 1907. ''
The Philosophy of Money
''The Philosophy of Money'' (1900; )Simmel, Georg. 2004 900br>''The Philosophy of Money'' (3rd enlarged ed.) edited by D. Frisby, translated by D. Frisby and T. Bottomore. London: Routledge. – via Eddie Jackson. is a book on economic sociology b ...
Richard Swedberg
Richard Swedberg (born 18 May 1948) is a Swedish sociologist. He is currently Professor Emeritus at the Department of Sociology at Cornell University.
Education
He received a PhD in sociology from Boston College (1978); he also holds a law degr ...
, eds. 2005. ''The Handbook of Economic Sociology''.
* Weber, Max. 1922. ' 'Economy_and_Society''">Economy_and_Society.html"_;"title="'Economy_and_Society">'Economy_and_Society''
*Harrison_White.html" ;"title="Economy_and_Society''.html" ;"title="Economy_and_Society.html" ;"title="'Economy and Society">'Economy and Society''">Economy_and_Society.html" ;"title="'Economy and Society">'Economy and Society''
*Harrison White">White, Harrison C. 2002. ''Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production''.
Jennifer Platt
Jennifer Platt FAcSS is a sociologist who is Emeritus Professor at the University of Sussex, where she taught from 1964 to 2002. She has been President of the British Sociological Association in 1987–89, and edited its journal ''Sociology'' for ...
. 1968. ''The Affluent Worker: Industrial Attitudes and Behaviour''.
Spatial sociology
Environment
Environmental sociology
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment. The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by whi ...
studies the relationship between society and environment, particularly the social factors that cause environmental problems, the societal impacts of those problems, and efforts to solve the problems.
* Carson, Rachel. 1962. ''
Silent Spring
''Silent Spring'' is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. Published on September 27, 1962, the book documented the environmental harm caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading d ...
''.
* Diamond, Jared. 2006. '' Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed''.
*Hannigan, John A. 1995. ''Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective''.
**Argues that a society's willingness to recognize and solve environmental problems depends more upon the way these claims are presented by a limited number of interest groups than upon the severity of the threat they pose.
*Michelson, William. 2002. ''Handbook of Environmental Sociology''.
**Provides an overview of the field of environmental sociology and its various research emphases.
* Schnaiberg, Allan, and Kenneth Alan Gould. 2000. ''Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict''. Caldwell.
**Demonstrates how our global economy requires increasing levels of economic expansion, which in turn requires increasing withdrawals for the natural environment.
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, an ...
population
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...
. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to
birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the f ...
,
migration
Migration, migratory, or migrate may refer to: Human migration
* Human migration, physical movement by humans from one region to another
** International migration, when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum le ...
,
aging
Ageing ( BE) or aging ( AE) is the process of becoming older. The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi, whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentially biologically immortal. I ...
and
death
Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...
An Essay on the Principle of Population
An, AN, aN, or an may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Airlinair (IATA airline code AN)
* Alleanza Nazionale, a former political party in Italy
* AnimeNEXT, an annual anime convention located in New Jersey
* Anime North, a Canadian an ...
Gunnar Myrdal
Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( ; ; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with Friedrich Hayek for "their pioneering work in the theory of money a ...
. 1934. ''
Crisis in the Population Question
''Crisis in the Population Question'' ( sv, Kris i befolkningsfrågan) was a 1934 book by Alva and Gunnar Myrdal, who discussed the declining birthrate in Sweden and proposed possible solutions. The book was influential in the debate that create ...
''.
Urban
Urban sociology
Urban sociology is the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, environmental processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doing ...
refers the study of social life and human interaction in
metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
''The Death and Life of Great American Cities'' is a 1961 book by writer and activist Jane Jacobs. The book is a critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the decline of many city neighborhoods in the United States. ...
''.
**" his bookbecame perhaps the most influential single work in the history of town planning, and simultaneously helped to kill off the modern movement in architecture."
* Molotch, Harvey, and John R. Logan. 1987. ''Urban Fortunes: The Political economy of Place''.
**Turned mainstream sociological opinion against the Chicago school of
Human Ecology
Human ecology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. The philosophy and study of human ecology has a diffuse history with advancements in ecol ...
by foregrounding the influence of institutions and political settings in the growth of cities.
* Park, Robert E., and Ernest W. Burgess. 1925. ''The City''.
**Foundational text in American sociology, Chicago school, Urban sociology, and
Human ecology
Human ecology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. The philosophy and study of human ecology has a diffuse history with advancements in ecol ...
Sociology of knowledge refers to the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises, as well as of the effects prevailing ideas have on societies.
* Berger, Peter L., and
Thomas Luckmann
Thomas Luckmann (; October 14, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American-Austrian sociologist of German and Slovene origin who taught mainly in Germany. Born in Jesenice, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Luckmann studied philosophy and linguistics at the U ...
Steve Woolgar
Stephen William Woolgar (born 14 February 1950) is a British sociologist. He has worked closely with Bruno Latour, with whom he wrote '' Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts'' (1979).
Education
Stephen Woolgar holds a BA (Fi ...
Salk Institute
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is a scientific research institute located in the La Jolla community of San Diego, California, U.S. The independent, non-profit institute was founded in 1960 by Jonas Salk, the developer of the polio va ...
. Explains the elevation of observations to the level of fact through a system of credibility. Started the ethnographic laboratory studies movement in the sociology of knowledge.
* Mannheim, Karl. 1936. 'Ideology and Utopia''
Politics
Traditionally, political sociology has been concerned with the ways in which social trends, dynamics, and structures of domination affect formal political processes, as well as exploring how various social forces work together to change political policies. Now, it is also concerned with the formation of identity through social interaction, the politics of knowledge, and other aspects of social relations.
* Mills, C. Wright. 1958. ''
The Power Elite
''The Power Elite'' is a 1956 book by sociologist C. Wright Mills, in which Mills calls attention to the interwoven interests of the leaders of the military, corporate, and political elements of society and suggests that the ordinary citizen in ...
''.Mills, C. Wright. 2000
958
Year 958 ( CMLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* October / November – Battle of Raban: The Byzantines under John Tzimiske ...
Who Rules America?
''Who Rules America?'' is a book by research psychologist and sociologist G. William Domhoff, Ph.D., published in 1967 as a best-seller (#12).
''WRA'' is frequently assigned as a sociology textbook and documents the dangerous concentration of po ...
The sociology of race and ethnic relations refers to the study of
social
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not.
Etymology
The word "social" derives from ...
,
political
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studie ...
, and
economic
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the p ...
ethnicities
An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...
at all levels of society, encompassing subjects such as
racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race over another. It may also mean prejudice, d ...
and
residential segregation
Residential segregation in the United States is the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighborhoods—a form of segregation that "sorts population groups into various neighborhood contexts and shapes the living environment a ...
.
*— 1903. ''
The Souls of Black Folk
''The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches'' is a 1903 work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois. It is a seminal work in the history of sociology and a cornerstone of African-American literature.
The book contains several essays on r ...
religion
Religion is usually defined as a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, tran ...
in
society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societi ...
, including practices, historical backgrounds, developments, and universal themes. There is particular emphasis on the recurring role of religion in all societies and throughout recorded history.
* Durkheim, Émile. 1912. 'The_Elementary_Forms_of_the_Religious_Life''.html" ;"title="The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''
* Berger, Peter L. 1967. ''The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion''.
*— 1970. ''A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural''.
Theory
Sociological theories are complex theory, theoretical and methodology, methodological frameworks used to analyze and explain objects of social study, which ultimately facilitate the organization of sociological knowledge.
Conflict Theory
''
Conflict theories
Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize a materialist interpretation of history, dialectical method of analysis, a critical stance toward existing social arrangements, and political program of revolut ...
'', originally influenced by Marxist thought, are perspectives that see societies as defined through conflicts that are produced by inequality. Conflict theory emphasizes
social conflict
Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society.
Social conflict occurs when two or more people oppose each other in social interaction, and each exerts social power with reciprocity in an effort to achieve incompatible goals but ...
, as well as
economic inequality
There are wide varieties of economic inequality, most notably income inequality measured using the distribution of income (the amount of money people are paid) and wealth inequality measured using the distribution of wealth (the amount of w ...
,
social inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons. It posses and creates gender c ...
,
oppression
Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power, often under the guise of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced. Oppression refers to discrimination wh ...
Marx, Karl
Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...
The Communist Manifesto
''The Communist Manifesto'', originally the ''Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (german: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is a political pamphlet written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Commu ...
''.
*Marx, Karl. 1859. ''
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
''A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy'' (german: Zur Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie) is a book by Karl Marx, first published in 1859. The book is mainly a critique of political economy achieved by critiquing the writings of the ...
The Theory of the Leisure Class
''The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions'' (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is a treatise of economics and sociology, and a critique of conspicuous consumption as a function of social class and of consumerism, which are s ...
The Power Elite
''The Power Elite'' is a 1956 book by sociologist C. Wright Mills, in which Mills calls attention to the interwoven interests of the leaders of the military, corporate, and political elements of society and suggests that the ordinary citizen in ...
''.
*— 1959. ''
The Sociological Imagination
''The Sociological Imagination'' is a 1959 book by American sociologist C. Wright Mills published by Oxford University Press. In it, he develops the idea of sociological imagination, the means by which the relation between self and society can ...
Rational choice theory
Rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour. The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be traced back to political economist and philosopher, Adam Smith. The theory postula ...
Social Exchange Theory
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. The theory also involves economic relation ...
models social interaction as a series of exchanges between actors who give one another rewards and penalties, which impacts and guides future behavior. George Homans' version of exchange theory specifically argues that
behaviorist
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual ...
stimulus-response principles can explain the emergence of complex social structures.
* Blau, Peter. 1964. ''Exchange & Power in Social Life''.
* Emerson, Richard. 1962. "Power-Dependence Theory." ''American Sociological Review'' 27(1):31-41.
* Homans, George C. 1958. "Social Behavior as Exchange." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 63(6):597-606.
* Homans, George C. 1961. ''Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms''.
Social Network Analysis
Making use of
network theory
Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects. In computer science and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory: a network can be defi ...
, ''social network analysis'' is structural approach to sociology that views norms and behaviors as embedded in chains of social relations.
* Scott, John. 1991. ''Social Network Analysis: A Handbook''.
**Provides a broad introduction to the subject.
*
Wasserman, Stanley
Stanley Wasserman (born August 29, 1951) is an American statistician and prior to retirement was the Rudy Professor of Statistics, Psychology, and Sociology at Indiana University Bloomington and the Academic Supervisor of the International laborat ...
, and Katherine Faust. 1994. ''Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications''.
**Presents thorough methodological coverage of the approach.
* Wellman, Barry, and S.D. Berkowitz, eds. 1988. ''Social Structures: A Network Approach''.
**Provides a readable theoretical overview of the subject using many case studies.
Sociocybernetics
''
Sociocybernetics
Sociocybernetics is an interdisciplinary science between sociology and general systems theory and cybernetics. The International Sociological Association has a specialist research committee in the area – RC51 – which publishes the (electron ...
'' is the application of
systems theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or human-made. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structu ...
and
cybernetics
Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causality, such as feedback, in regulatory and purposive systems. Cybernetics is named after an example of circular causal feedback, that of steering a ship, where the helmsperson ma ...
Structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
This approach looks at society through a macro-level o ...
'' is a broad perspective that interprets society as a
structure
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...
with interrelated parts.
* Durkheim, Emile. 1897. Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html"_;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html"_;"title="'Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html"_;"title="'Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''
*Talcott_Parsons.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''
*Talcott Parsons">Parsons, Talcott. 1937. ''The Structure of Social Action''.
*— 1951. ''The Social System''.
*Parsons, Talcott, and Edward A. Shils. 1951. ''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences''.Parsons, Talcott, and Edward A. Shils. 2001
951
Year 951 ( CMLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* King Berengar II of Italy seizes Liguria, with help from the feudal lord Oberto I. He reo ...
''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences'' (abridged ed.), with introduction by N. J. Smelser. New Brunswick, NJ:
Transaction Publishers
Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey-based publishing house that specialized in social science books and journals. It was located on the Livingston Campus of Rutgers University. Transaction was sold to Taylor & Francis in 2016 and merged with ...
. .
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to particular effects of communication and interaction in people to make images and normal implications, for deduction and correspondence w ...
argues that human behavior is guided by the meanings people construct together in social interaction.
* Blumer, Herbert. 1969. ''Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method''.
* Cooley, Charles Horton. 1902. ''Human Nature and the Social Order''.
* Mead, George Herbert. 1934. ''Mind, Self, and Society''.
* Stryker, Sheldon. 1980. ''Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version''.
Sociology
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation and ...
*
Engaged theory
Engaged theory is a methodological framework for understanding social complexity. It takes social life or social relations as its base category, with 'the social' always understood as grounded in 'the natural', including humans as embodied beings. ...
*
History of the social sciences
The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy of science. Since the mid-20th century, ...
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Michie, Jonathan, ed. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences'' (2 vol. 2001) 1970 pages annotating the major books in all the social sciences.
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International Sociological Association
The International Sociological Association (ISA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific purposes in the field of sociology and social sciences. It is an international sociological body, gathering both individuals and national sociolo ...
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Sociology
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation and ...