Sangmo (''상모'') is a Korean folk arts hat. A kind of a hat with feathers or paper streamers called pi-ji, made of

Korean paper Korean paper or ''hanji'' ( ko, 한지/韓紙) is the name of traditional handmade paper from Korea. Hanji is made from the inner bark of ''Broussonetia papyrifera'' known colloquially as paper mulberry, a tree native to Korea that grows well on i ...

attached to the top which is worn when dancing and moving the head around (Kor. 머리춤, lit. head dance) during a

pungmul ''Pungmul'' (; ) is a Korean folk music tradition that includes drumming, dancing, and singing. Most performances are outside, with dozens of players all in constant motion. ''Pungmul'' is rooted in the ''dure'' (collective labor) farming cultur ...

(

nongak ''Pungmul'' (; ) is a Korean folk music tradition that includes drumming, dancing, and singing. Most performances are outside, with dozens of players all in constant motion. ''Pungmul'' is rooted in the ''dure'' (collective labor) farming culture. ...

) performance. Sangmo is also called ''chae-sang, beop-go''. The performance with sangmo also called sangmo-noleum, chaesang-noleum, buckgu-noleum. Noleum (놀음) means performance. And a person who wears a sangmo is called a beok-gu (벅구), chaeSang-chibae (채상치배) and beokgu-jaebi (버꾸잽이). Chibae (치배) and jaeb-i (잽이) is a term means percussionists in the

. These terms are called different places in Korea.

Origin

The origin of it can be found in the history of the ''jeon-lip''. ''Jeonp-lip'' is a black cap of the sangmo. The origin of the ''jeon-lip'' is the ''jeolpung'' on the head. ''Jeolpung'' is the basic type of crown cap of the Three Kingdoms Period, and used various ornaments such as flowers, branches, and bird feathers to represent the region and its identity. 덕흥리_고분

The old style of sangmo can be found in the mural paintings of

Goguryeo Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...

tombs which adorn the feathers of birds on soldiers' heads. There are also claims that the sangmo was used as a means of military command. As the commander nodded left, right, rear, front, and all directions, the military stretched to the great heights of 'ㅡ,' 'ㅁ,' '曲, and 'ㅇ.' Scholars say that it has gradually changed from military culture to a entertainment.

Composition

The composition of the sangmo is divided into two parts: the leader session (

kkwaenggwari The ''kkwaenggwari'' () is a small flat gong used primarily in the folk music of Korea. It is made of brass and is played with a hard stick. It produces a distinctively high-pitched, metallic tone that breaks into a cymbal-like crashing timbre ...

) and instrument session (sogo: A small hand-held drum). Sangmo can be divided into jeon-lip corresponding to a hat, jin-ja made of wood and plastic beads, and mul-chae made of white thread and animal feathers. * Chae-sangmo: At the end of ''mulchae'', a long

called ''pi-ji''. * Ppot-sangmo: Put on bunch of crane or ostrich feathers. It is usually used by a kwaenggwari performer. * Dog tail-sangmo: Gather the feathers of a bird like a round ball and put it together. Its shape is said to resemble a dog's tail. * Yoldubal-sangmo: ''Yoldu'' means '12'. Put a 180 cm-long ''pi-ji'' on it. make a showy move that is close to a stunt.

Performance type

* Oe-sa (외사): It means one-sided motion. It is a technique to turn the jin-ja in one direction. Turn anti-clockwise from the position of a performer (chi-bae). External force is the action of drawing a circle with feathers or paper. * Sa-sa (사사): It is also called yangsa. It means two-sided motion. It is a technique that turns the jin-ja twice. performer (chi-bae) looks first from the left and turns. * Butterfly-sa (나비사): It was named because it resembled a butterfly. While doing 'sa-sa', performer raises head from the fourth beat and shoots a vertex.

References

{{Reflist Korean headgear